Vitex Trifolia Research Articles

Ethnomedicinal uses of plants for the treatment of malaria in Soon Valley, Khushab, Pakistan

Ethnopharmacological relevanceTo best of our knowledge this is the first quantitative ethno-medicinal study with the aim of documenting the indigenous knowledge and practices of using plants for malarial therapy in Soon Valley, Khushab, Pakistan. In this Valley, malaria is among the major public health problems but, until now, the population still mostly relies on herbal medicine for treatment. Materials and methodsEthno-medicinal data were documented from 63 informants by using semi-structured questionnaires and interviewing the informants about their knowledge of plants regarding malaria and related symptoms. Documented data were evaluated using the quantitative ethno-botanical indices of frequency citation (FC), relative frequency of citation (RFC), percentage of respondents having knowledge (PRK) and Jaccard index (JI). ResultsA total of 70 plant species belonging to 62 genera and 34 families were recorded as anti-malarial in the study area. Solanaceae was found to be the most cited family with 7 species, followed by Fabaceae, Rutaceae and Lamiaceae with 5 species each. Ocimum americanum and Solanum incanum were the species with the highest relative frequency of citation (RFC =0.25 each) and percentage of respondents having knowledge (PRK =25.4% each), followed by Grewia tenax (RFC =0.23, PRK =23.8%), which indicates that these plants are the best species with anti-malarial properties. The most highly cited life form was found to be herbs (56%). The dominant plant part used in preparations were leaves (49%). The main mode of utilization was decoction (47%) followed by infusion (29%). In comparison, maximum similarity index is found in our study with JI (16.83) followed by (13.13). Similarity percentage of plants uses ranges from 0.81 to 16.83 while dissimilarity percentage varies from 0% to 17.65%. ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge seven plant species, viz. Withania coagulans, Fagonia cretica, Carthamus oxyacantha, Ehretia obtusifolia, Helianthus annuus, Olea ferruginea and Vitex trifolia, are reported from this region for the first time for the treatment of malaria. This first ethno-medicinal study highlights potential sources for the development of new antimalarial drugs from indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants found in the Soon Valley, Pakistan. Such investigations could be a subject for in vitro and in vivo anti-plasmodial screening to develop new plant-based antimalarial drugs and can also be evaluated for other biological activities and novel drug discoveries.

亚热带湖滨沙地典型下垫面土壤水分变化

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 亚热带湖滨沙地典型下垫面土壤水分变化 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201604220755 作者: 作者单位: 鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室/地理与环境学院江西师范大学;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室,鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室/地理与环境学院江西师范大学,江西省山江湖开发治理委员会办公室,鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室/地理与环境学院江西师范大学,鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室/地理与环境学院江西师范大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 江西省重大生态安全问题监控协同创新中心资助项目（JXS-EW-00）；江西省教育厅科技落地计划项目 Effects of vegetation coverage on soil moisture: Evidence from subtropical lakeside sandy lands in South China Author: Affiliation: Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research,Ministry of Education and School of Geography and Environment Jiangxi Normal University,Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research,Ministry of Education and School of Geography and Environment Jiangxi Normal University;China;,Mountain-River-Lake Development Committee of Jiangxi Province,Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research,Ministry of Education and School of Geography and Environment Jiangxi Normal University,Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research,Ministry of Education and School of Geography and Environment Jiangxi Normal University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:亚热带湖滨沙化作为南方荒漠化的一种典型类型，阐明沙化土壤水分变化规律对该地区植被恢复与重建具有重要指示意义。研究于2013年2月至2014年2月对鄱阳湖多宝湖滨沙地的土壤水分动态进行了监测，分析了不同覆被条件下沙地土壤水分在年内及极端气候条件下的动态特征。结果如下：①湖滨沙地土壤水分在梅雨和伏旱时期差异显著。在梅雨期及其前后，土壤水分主要受降水控制，各下垫面土壤平均含水量相对较高（> 0.063 cm3/cm3），且差异较小；而在伏旱及其后期，覆盖条件的差异起关键作用，湿地松样地的土壤平均含水量均低于0.035 cm3/cm3。②持续高温干旱天气下，浅层10cm土壤含水量迅速降低，之后维持在极低水平（< 0.01 cm3/cm3）；随着深度增加，不同样地土壤含水量差异将会增强。③在多雨季节，17年生湿地松能有效增加土壤表层的持水能力；在干旱季节，湿地松对降水的截留及吸附作用强烈地影响土壤水分的补给量及补偿深度，当降水强度较低时，17年生湿地松样地的浅层土壤水分难以获得补给。因此，在亚热带沙地进行湿地松种植时，应增大初植密度，并且对于植株过高的湿地松林，也应采取适当措施降低其密度，以抵御愈加频发的极端干旱事件带来的风险，促使沙化地区发生持续的正向演替。 Abstract:Lakeside desertification is a common type of desertification in South China. Soil moisture dynamics of lakeside sandy land have important implications for regional vegetation restoration and reconstruction. Using soil moisture data from the Duobao Sand Hills of Poyang Lake recorded from February 2013 to February 2014, we investigated soil moisture dynamics under different vegetation coverage and extreme weather conditions. We found that (1) soil moisture levels of lakeside sandy land in the rainy season were significantly different from the levels in the drought season. Soil moisture, mainly affected by precipitation, was maintained at a higher level ( > 0.063 cm3/cm3) and was less sensitive to the type of underlying surface in the rainy season. However, different types of vegetation cover affected soil moisture differently. Soil moisture in the presence of Pinus elliottii was relatively low ( < 0.035 cm3/cm3) during the drought period. (2) Under high temperatures and drought conditions, shallow-soil moisture of desertified lands dropped rapidly at first, then remained exceptionally low ( < 0.01 cm3/cm3). With the increase in soil depth, the differences in soil moisture among soils with Pinus elliottii, Vitex trifolia Linn., or bare sandy lands became more significant. (3) 17-year-old Pinus elliottii effectively increased the water-holding capacity of the soil surface during the rainy season. However, due to water absorption and obstruction of rainfall, Pinus elliottii affected groundwater recharge during the drought period in terms of the amount of water and soil depth. Therefore, the shallow-soil water of a 17-year-old Pinus elliottii stand is difficult to recharge when precipitation intensity is low. Based on our findings, we suggest to increasing the initial planting density of Pinus elliottii then decreasing mature Pinus elliottii density in subtropical sandy land in South China to neutralize the effects of more frequent extreme droughts and to induce continuous positive succession in desertified areas. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Effect of Vitex trifolia linn and Solanum nigrum Linn on oxidative stress and inflammation

Context: Phytochemical investigations of hydroalcoholic extracts of Vitex trifolia Linn and Solanum nigrum Linn suggest the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids and have been traditionally claimed to be useful in the treatment of inflammation, fever, edema, and tuberculosis. Aim: In the present study, hydroalcoholic extract of the plants was evaluated for its free radical scavenging capacity against hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide radicals, and it's in vitro anti-inflammatory potential. Materials and Methods: Hydroalcoholic extracts of V. trifolia L. and S. nigrum L. were studied at different concentrations for their scavenging ability against free radicals and their ability to protect against hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis on red blood cells and inhibition of protein denaturation. For evaluation, different in vitro assays were used. Results: Results show that the plant extract possesses free radical scavenging capacity, membrane stabilizing capacity, and protein denaturation inhibition capacity which could be correlated to the traditional claim of the plant being used in the treatment of inflammation. Conclusion: The study supports the traditional claim and the prior in vivo studies carried out. It also helps in understanding the possible mode of action for aforesaid activity.

Vitex Species: Review on Phytochemistry and Pouch Design for Nutritional Benefits

Vitex trifolia or locally known as lemuni, is well documented for its medicinal properties including anticancer, antibacterial and wound healing. For years, the leaves and flowers were consumed for anti-aging and general well-being. It is also commonly served as nutraceuticals to post-partum women during their confinement period. Previous study showed that V. trifolia possesses high antioxidant properties that could prevent oxidative stress related diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes and many more. From the literature, V. trifolia leaves are used as poultice for rheumatic pains, sprains, antithelmintics and inflammations. Meanwhile, the fruits are utilised in amenorrhea. The roots, on the other hand, are used for the treatment of cough and fever. The plant is known to possess pharmacologically-active constituents such as the essential oil, halimane-type diterpenes, flavonoids, triterpenes, lignans, iridoids and ecdysteroids. Review papers were consistently published to justify the non-exhaustive biological exploration of this genus. Nevertheless, only 11 per cent of the total Vitex species were phytochemically examined. Apart from being eaten raw or blanched, Vitex is also taken as a food colourant in preparing lemuni rice. The process of making lemuni rice is quite tedious. First, the leaves and flowers are picked and washed. Both parts are then ground with water and sieved to give a bluish extract which is then mixed with rice and boiled to cook. Hence, the Vitex pouch is introduced to provide an easy way to prepare lemuni rice. This packaging is designed to enclose Vitex samples in a pouch that simply can be placed together with rice and boiled to cook. Such instant preparation will hopefully promote the consumption of lemuni rice among busy locals. Future plans include international marketing and production of other Vitex nutritional products.

Vitex Species: Review on Phytochemistry and Pouch Design for Nutritional Benefits

Vitex trifolia or locally known as lemuni, is well documented for its medicinal properties including anticancer, antibacterial and wound healing. For years, the leaves and flowers were consumed for anti-aging and general well-being. It is also commonly served as nutraceuticals to post-partum women during their confinement period. Previous study showed that V. trifolia possesses high antioxidant properties that could prevent oxidative stress related diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes and many more. From the literature, V. trifolia leaves are used as poultice for rheumatic pains, sprains, antithelmintics and inflammations. Meanwhile, the fruits are utilised in amenorrhea. The roots, on the other hand, are used for the treatment of cough and fever. The plant is known to possess pharmacologically-active constituents such as the essential oil, halimane-type diterpenes, flavonoids, triterpenes, lignans, iridoids and ecdysteroids. Review papers were consistently published to justify the non-exhaustive biological exploration of this genus. Nevertheless, only 11 per cent of the total Vitex species were phytochemically examined. Apart from being eaten raw or blanched, Vitex is also taken as a food colourant in preparing lemuni rice. The process of making lemuni rice is quite tedious. First, the leaves and flowers are picked and washed. Both parts are then ground with water and sieved to give a bluish extract which is then mixed with rice and boiled to cook. Hence, the Vitex pouch is introduced to provide an easy way to prepare lemuni rice. This packaging is designed to enclose Vitex samples in a pouch that simply can be placed together with rice and boiled to cook. Such instant preparation will hopefully promote the consumption of lemuni rice among busy locals. Future plans include international marketing and production of other Vitex nutritional products.

Two-way germination system of encapsulated clonal propagules of Vitex trifolia L.: an important medicinal plant

ABSTRACTIn the present study we have developed an efficient and effective method of synthetic seed production and its two-way germination system of Vitex trifolia, for easy transport of the propagules and efficient utilization of its in vitro regeneration system. Nodal segments harvested from 8-week-old in vitro cultures were encapsulated in calcium alginate beads. Three percent (w/v) Na-alginate polymerized in 100 mmol/L CaCl2.2H2O for 30 min produced clear and uniform beads. Germination of encapsulated beads with shoot and roots was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with 6-furfurylaminopurine (KN, 2.5 µmol/L) + α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA, 1.0 µmol/L). For multiple shoot production, synseeds were incubated on 6-benzyladenine (BA, 5.0 µmol/L) + NAA (0.5 µmol/L) augmented MS medium followed by in vitro rooting on MS + indole-3-butyric acid (IBA, 1.0 µmol/L). The synseeds produced retained about 90% regeneration potential even after 4 weeks of storage at 4°C. Genetic stability of the regenerated plants was evaluated using 13 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers. The study thus provides an efficient system for production of synthetic seeds, their storage and subsequent conversion into genetically identical plants.

A New Ursane Triterpenoid Possessing Cytotoxicity from the Fruits of Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia

A new ursane-type triterpene, 3β-hydroxy-30-al-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (1), was isolated from the MeOH extract of the fruits of Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia, along with seven known compounds: ursolic acid (2), taraxerol (3), taraxerone (4), α-amyrin (5), β-amyrin (6), lupeol (7), and betulinic acid (8). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1–8 were evaluated in vitro against four human tumor cell lines (HL-60, SGC-7901, PANC-1, and Eca-109). Compound 1 showed significant cytotoxic activity.

Phytoremediation potential of transplanted bare-root seedlings of trees for lead/zinc and copper mine tailings

ABSTRACTSelecting plant species that can overcome unfavorable conditions and increase the recovery of degraded mined lands remains a challenge. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using transplanted tree seedlings for the phytoremediation of lead/zinc and copper mine tailings. One-year-old bare-root of woody species (Rhus chinensis Mill, Quercus acutissima Carruth, Liquidambar formosana Hance, Vitex trifolia Linn. var. simplicifolia Cham, Lespedeza cuneata and Amorpha fruticosa Linn) were transplanted into pots with mine tailings and tested as potential metal-tolerant plants. Seedling survival, plant growth, root trait, nutrient uptake, and metal accumulation and translocation were assessed. The six species grew in both tailings and showed different tolerance level. A. fruticosa was highly tolerant of Zn, Pb and Cu, and grew normally in both tailings. Metal concentrations were higher in the roots than in the shoots of the six species. All of the species had low bioconcentration and translocation factor values. However, R. chinensis and L. formosana had significantly higher translocation factor values for Pb (0.88) and Zn (1.78) than the other species. The nitrogen-fixing species, A. fruticosa, had the highest tolerance and biomass production, implying that it has great potential in the phytoremediation of tailing areas in southern China.

Identification of New Diterpenes as Putative Marker Compounds Distinguishing Agnus Castus Fruit (Chaste Tree) from Shrub Chaste Tree Fruit (Viticis Fructus).

Agnus Castus Fruit is defined in the European Pharmacopoeia as the dried ripe fruit of Vitex agnus-castus. In Europe it is used as a medicine targeting premenstrual syndrome and climacteric disorder. In Japan, Agnus Castus Fruit is becoming popular as a raw material for over-the-counter drugs and health food products, though its congenic species, Vitex rotundifolia and Vitex trifolia, have been used as Shrub Chaste Tree Fruit in traditional medicines. Therefore, it is important to discriminate these Vitex plants from the viewpoint of regulatory science. Here we tried to identify putative marker compounds that distinguish between Agnus Castus Fruit and Shrub Chaste Tree Fruit. We analyzed extracts of each crude drug by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and performed differential analysis by comparison of each chromatogram to find one or more peaks characteristic of Agnus Castus Fruit. A peak was isolated and identified as an equilibrium mixture of new compounds named chastol (1) and epichastol (1a). The planar structures of 1 and 1a were determined spectroscopically. Their relative configurations were revealed by nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy and differential nuclear Overhauser effect-NMR data. Since avoiding contamination from closely related species is needed for the quality control of natural pharmaceuticals, this information will be valuable to establish a method for the quality control of both, Agnus Castus Fruit and Shrub Chaste Tree Fruit products.

Inhibition of Melanogenesis by Abietatriene fromVitex TrifoliaLeaf Oil

Vitex trifolia L. has been used traditionally to treat various illnesses, such as inflammation, headache, migraine, and gastrointestinal infections. We analyzed and evaluated the composition of V. trifolia leaf oil. Based on the results, we isolated abietatriene from V. trifolia leaf oil and investigated the effect of V. trifolia leaf oil and its active compound abietatriene on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. They significantly decreased melanin contents and melanogenic factors, such as tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF dose-dependently in both protein and mRNA levels. Protein and mRNA expressions were determined by Western blot analysis and quantitative real time RT-PCR. Findings indicate that V. trifolia leaf oil and abietatriene reduce melanogenesis by regulating the expression of melanogenic factors. These results suggest that V. trifolia leaf oil and abietatriene could comprise a useful therapeutic agent for treating hyperpigmentation and used as effective skin-whitening agents.

The Effects of Vitex trifolia, Strobilanthes crispus and Aloe vera Herbal-mixed Dietary Supplementation on Growth Performance and Disease Resistance in Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)

Herbs and herb mixtures have been used as a growth promotant in livestock and aquaculture production. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of a dietary herbal mix comprised of Vitex trifolia (VTE), Strobilanthes crispus (SCE) and Aloe vera (AVE) on the growth performance, disease resistance and histology of Oreochromis sp. for 60 days. The fishes were divided into i) control, infected fish, fed with normal diet and infected fishes treated with different herbal-mixed supplementation diets of ii) VTE and SCE iii) SCE and AVE iv) AVE and VTE. All experimental groups were challenged using with Streptococcus agalactiae (1 × 107 cfu/mL) via intraperitoneal route on day 46. On day 46th (pre-challenge) and 60th (post-challenge), five fish were randomly chosen from each tank for each experimental and control groups to blood collection. The cumulative mortality and survival rate were assessed every day. Tissues from kidney, liver and spleen were examined. The fish supplemented with herbal-mix with the combination of VTE and SCE and AVE and VTE showed improved growth performance. For haematological assays, RBC, Hb, and WBC were higher (P<0.05) in fish supplemented with these herb mix, while the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly affected by mixed-herbal supplementation. Histopathological examination of the organs revealed no negative effects in tissues. In conclusion, this study suggested that methanolic extracts of herbal mix composed of V. trifolia, S. crispus and A. vera extracts were effective as growth promoters and bacterial disease treatment in Oreochromis sp. when supplemented in daily diet.

A validated high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of three bioactive compounds p-hydroxy benzoic acid, negundoside and agnuside in Vitex species

A validated rapid and simple isocratic HPLC-PDA method was developed for identification and quantification of p- hydroxy benzoic acid and two iridoids negundoside and agnuside in the extracts of two Vitex species, Vitex negundo and Vitex trifolia. The separation of the three compounds was achieved on a RP-18 (250 mm X 4 mm, 5µm) column at 25o C using acetonitrile (15%) and 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in water (85%). Limit of detection (LOD) were 1, 2.5 and 2.5 μg/ml for p- hydroxy benzoic acid, negundoside and agnuside respectively. Similarly, limit of quantification (LOQ) were 2.5, 5 and 5 μg/ml for p- hydroxy benzoic acid, negundoside and agnuside respectively. Good linearity (r2 &amp;gt; 0.999) was observed for all the three compounds in wide concentration range. Using the developed HPLC method, the three compounds were identified and quantified in leaves and bark extracts of Vitex negundo and Vitex trifolia. The novelty of the developed HPLC method is that it does not require complex sample processing such as use of solid phase extraction as well as use of buffer in mobile phase. This is the first report of a validated HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of p- hydroxy benzoic acid, negundoside and agnuside in Vitex species.

Bio-approach: Plant mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their catalytic reduction of methylene blue and antimicrobial activity

In the present study, the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized from the leaf extract of Vitex trifolia L. GC and GC–MS analyses revealed that the V. trifolia contained 17 compounds. The major chemical components identified were Vitrifolin A (22.11%), 20-hydroxyecdysone (13.78%), 5-Thio d-glucose (10.32%) and 1,1-Bicyclopropyl-2-octanoic acid,2′-hexyl; methyl ester (8.33%). The synthesized ZnO NPs was characterized by UV–Vis, PL, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, FE-SEM, EDX and TEM techniques. The photodegradation of methylene blue (1×10−3M) under UV light have been tested using final ZnO products. It was found that maximum decoloration efficiency occurred by 90min with 30mg of ZnO NPs catalyst dose. In addition, the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion, MIC, MBC and MFC procedure. The results depicted that the inhibition zone is dependent on the ZnO NPs concentration and green synthesized ZnO NPs had outstanding antimicrobial activity than others (bare ZnO, leaf of V. trifolia).The possible reason may due to the Vitrifolin A (major compound of leaf extract) which binds the surface of the nanoparticles increased the antimicrobial activities.

Pengujian Ekstrak Tumbuhan Vitex trifolia L., Acorus colomus L., dan Andropogon nardus L. terhadap Hama Pasca Panen Araecerus fasciculatus De Geer (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) pada Biji Kakao

Araecerus fasciculatus (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) is a primary pest mostly found in cocoa bean storage. Controlling A. fascuculatus is highly necessary, as this action would also reduce infestation of secondary pests. Utilization of natural materials as bait or trap is one applicable method to lessen damage and loss during storage. Vitex trifolia L., Acorus colomus L., and Andropogon nardus L are plant species that posess insecticidal properties that can be used to control post harvest pests. Materials used in this experiment are leaves of V. trifolia, rhizome of A. colomus and leaves of A. nardus. The three types of materials are blended and sieved with 300 mesh until finely broken up for make powder formulation. As much as 1 g of powder extract was taken then mixed with additional substract (water + CMC + saw dusts). The mixtures were then shaped in the form of ellipse resembling cocoa beans with approximately similar weight of 0.6 g (± 20 beans). Results show that V. trifolia and A. nardus are highly repellent (90.5 % and 94.5%) to A. fasciculatus, and crhizome of A. colomus is attractant to A. fasciculatus.

English

Vitexicarpine has been known as a marker compound observed in the leaves of Vitex trifolia L. An explorative research was conducted to find out relationship of soil quality and vitexicarpine content in the leaves of V. trifolia L. The plant was found in the some districts in Central Java (Surakarta) and Yogyakarta (Kulon Progo). Soil types where the plant grew are Entisols, Inceptisols and Andisols. Based on soil characteristics, the soil quality indexes for each soil type were calculated by referring to Karlen methods. The results indicated that soil quality index and vitexicarpine content in the leaves of V. trifolia L had a negative correlation. Lower the soil quality tended to result in higher content of vitexicarpine. Soil quality index of Andisols from Karangpandan-Surakarta was 0.991 and vitexicarpine content in the leaves was only 0.6%, but in case of Entisols the soil quality index was 0.274 and vitexicarpine content was able to reach around 0.82%. Inceptisols quality index was an intermediate between Andisols and Entisols. However, individually nutrient indicated a positive correlation with vitexicarpine content. Higher Nitrogen and Magnesium content in the soil resulted higher vitexicarpine content in the leaves. This may related to the role of the both nutrientin biosynthesis of vitexicarpine. &nbsp; Key words: Entisols, Inceptisols, Andisols, aglycone vitexicarpine, and glycoside vitexicarpine.

Antioxidant and Anti-wrinkling Effects of extracts from Vitex trifolia L.

In this study, the antioxidant and anti-wrinkling effects of fraction from Vitex trifolia L. were investigated. Among the fractions, ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant activities in 1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, 2,2’-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenz othiazoine-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging and elastase inhibition with 76, 89, and 74%, respectively, at a concentration of 1,000 μg/mL. This fraction, at the concentration of 25 μg/mL, inhibited 70% fibroblast cell viability and 86% the matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-1. In addition, the results from Western blot assay showed that this fraction (25 μg/mL) expressed the MMP-1 protein level by decreasing 50%. The findings suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction from V. trifolia has great potential as a cosmeceutical ingredient with antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effects.

Controlling honeybee pathogen by using neem and Barbaka plant extracts

The honeybees (Apis mellifera) population is declining. The involved causes may be pathogens (mites, viruses and bacteria) and parasites, due to honeybee's compromised immune system, leading to various bee-associated infections. Therefore, the present study assessed the comparative efficacy of plant extracts, including neem (Azadirachta indica) and Barbaka (Vitex trifolia) against gut bacteria and ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor of honeybee A. mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae). The in vitro activities of the plant extracts were determined by using standard methods against five bee gut bacterial isolates, including the well-known bee pathogenic bacteria Paenibacillus larvae. Miticides were also assessed in field against honeybee mites. The obtained results from the phytochemical screening of Barbaka and neem extracts efficiency showed inhibitory zones with diameters of 23 mm with 60 mg/mL against P. larvae and 14 mm with 60 mg/mL against Escherichia coli, respectively. None of the extracts proved to be effective against Salmonella enterica and the neem extract showed intermediate activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus hominis. Likewise, Barbaka plant extracts were not effective against B. subtilis. Similarly, the relative treatment efficacies of neem and Barbaka extracts, together with conventional miticides against honeybee Varroa mites, varied significantly. However, the effect of Barbaka and neem extracts on the mite-infested colonies was lower than the effect of other treatments, but it was also higher than in the control colonies. This study concluded that Barbaka and neem extracts have antibacterial and miticidal activity and are reasonably safe. However, more trials have to be conducted, in order to validate these results.

Cytotoxicity of Vitex trifolia leaf extracts on MCF-7 and Vero cell lines

Pharmacological and preventive properties of Vitex trifolia leaf extracts are well known, but the anticancer activity of methanol and petroleum ether extracts of Vitex trifolia leafs on human breast cancer cells have not been explored so far. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic activities of these extracts against MCF-7 and Vero cell line. Cells were exposed to 125 to 500 μg/ml of the extracts of Vitex trifolia for 72 h. Post-treatment, percent cell viability was studied by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2, 5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. The results showed that petroleum ether and methanol extracts significantly reduced cell viability of MCF-7 cells in a concentration dependent manner. Concentrations of 125 μg/ml and above of petroleum ether and 500 μg/ml of methanol extract were found to be cytotoxic in MCF-7 cells. Cell mortality at 125, 250 and 500 μg/ml of petroleum ether extract was recorded as 98.80%, 93.40% and 87.75% respectively, whereas at 125, 250 and 500 of methanol extract values were 79.98%, 75.70% and 70.25%, respectively by MTT assay. MCF-7 and Vero cells exposed to 125, 250 and 500 μg/ml. The data revealed that the treatment with petroleum ether and methanol of Vitex trifolia leaf extract induced cell death in MCF-7 cells. Meanwhile the same extract showed a moderate inhibition against Vero cell lines. It may be concluded that Vitex trifolia can cause cell death in MCF-7 cancer cells, which can be considered as a promising chemotherapeutic agent in breast cancer treatment.

Encapsulation technology for short-term storage and germplasm exchange of Vitex trifolia L.

The current study reports the encapsulation of nodal segment of V. trifolia L. excised from 2-month-old in vitro-raised cultures for short-term conservation and propagation. The encapsulation of nodal segments was significantly affected by the concentrations of sodium alginate (Na alginate) and calcium chloride (CaCl2 2H2O). The best gel complex using 3 % sodium alginate and 100 mM CaCl2 2H2O was found most suitable for the production of ideal Ca alginate beads. Maximum percent conversion response (84.9 %) was recorded on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 5.0 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA), 0.5 µM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) after 6 weeks of culture. The encapsulated nodal segments could be stored at 4 °C up to 8 weeks with 42.5 % regeneration efficiency. Plantlets obtained were rooted best on full-strength MS medium containing 0.5 µM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) for the production of complete plantlets. The regenerated plantlets were successfully hardened and established in field where they grew well without any detectable variation with a survival rate of 92 %. The high frequency of plant re-growth from alginate-coated nodal segments coupled with high viability percentage after 4 weeks of storage is highly encouraging for the exchange of V. trifolia genetic resources.

海滨沙地单叶蔓荆匍匐茎对沙埋适应生长对策

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 海滨沙地单叶蔓荆匍匐茎对沙埋适应的生长对策 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201305030911 作者: 作者单位: 鲁东大学生命科学学院,鲁东大学生命科学学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家973课题(2009CB421303);国家自然科学基金项目(30972422);山东省高校科技计划(J10LC02) Analysis on the growth strategy of creeping stem in Vitex trifolia var.simplicifoli adapting to sand burial Author: Affiliation: School of Life Science,Ludong University,Yantai,School of life science, Lu Dong University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:单叶蔓荆(Vitex trifolia var.simplicifoli)是一种耐盐、耐旱固沙地被植物。依据海滨沙地自然沙埋特点对单叶蔓荆匍匐茎进行了不同厚度(半埋和全埋)和不同长度交叉沙埋处理,研究探讨了单叶蔓荆沙埋适应生长对策, 为其开发利用、科学管理和海滨环境修复提供指导。结果表明,正常情况下,单叶蔓荆匍匐茎基部和中部生长缓慢,顶部生长快。轻度(沙埋匍匐茎基部)和中度(沙埋匍匐茎基部和中部)半埋和全埋使匍匐茎顶部生长加速,茎长增长量较对照高出1.5到3.1倍;但重度(沙埋整个匍匐茎)半埋和全埋使匍匐茎顶部净增长量减少12% 和13%。在20d沙埋中,对照整个匍匐茎各段均无不定根长出,但不同程度半埋和全埋沙埋处理下沙下匍匐茎上均长出不定根,重度半埋使不定根生长受抑;同时匍匐茎上各段茎生物量上升,枝叶生物量下降, 且随着沙埋程度的增加而增减幅度提高,在重度半埋和全埋达到最大。在轻度和中度半埋和全埋下,匍匐茎上未沙埋部位枝条生长加速。研究表明,在自然环境中,单叶蔓荆匍匐茎顶端是一个对环境变化反应敏感的部位,并与沙埋后单叶蔓荆茎延伸生长和植株能否生存密切相关。当匍匐茎顶部没被沙埋时,沙埋促进沙埋部位匍匐茎和枝叶中物质转移,加速匍匐茎顶部快速生长和物质积累以弥补沙埋带来的损伤维持物质和能量的代谢平衡。沙埋后,单叶蔓荆以茎顶端快速生长、形成不定根、枝条生长维持茎水分平衡和能量和物质代谢平衡, 以快速生长摆脱沙埋影响的生长方式为其对沙埋环境的重要适应对策。因此,在海岸沙地单叶蔓荆种群管理和维护中,在强风移沙引起的重度沙埋后, 及时剥离匍匐茎顶部沙子对维护单叶蔓荆种群的延续生存和扩散均有重要作用。 Abstract:Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia is a good ground cover plant and sand binder for coastal sandy land; it has a high tolerance for salt and drought and, in its natural environment of sand dunes, it is often buried by blowing sand. In these experiments, basis on the stolon length of V. trifolia, the four level of sand burial treatments were set up as no-sand burial, light sand burial (1/3 stolon length), moderate sand burial (2/3 stolon length) and severe sand burial (3/3 stolon). The different lengths of stolon were buried to two different depth, to half the plant height or to the full plant height, to show how the plant maintained growth under different levels of sand burial. Plant height, lengths of stolon and adventitious roots, the ratio of stolon dry weight (DW) to total DW, and the ratio of shoot and leaf DW to total DW were recorded. Normally, stoloniferous base and middle section of V. trifolia grow slowly, the top of the stolon grew fast . The results showed that during 20d treatments, there was little difference in the growth of stolon from the basal area to the middle section of the stolon between the control (4.1cm) and light and moderate sand burial groups (4.5 cm). However, there was larger difference in the growth of top of the stolon between control and half and full of the light and moderate sand burial groups. At top of the stolon, the stolon was longer 1.5 to 3.1 times in plant under half and full of the light and moderate sand burial groups than that in the control. While length of top of the stolon under half and full of severe sand burial was shorter by 12% and 13% than that in the control, because apical section were covered. In 20d, many adventitious roots were observed in the stolon under half and fall light and moderate sand burial but not in the control; adventitious roots were also limited in plants under half and full severe sand burial. At the same time, the ratio of stolon DW to total DW increased, peaking at half and full severe sand burial; the ratio of shoot and leaf DW to total DW decreased with increasing of sand burial level. This study indicates that the apex of the stolon of V. trifolia is important to growth and plant survival under sand burial. When sand burial did not include the apex of the stolon, adventitious roots were produced along the stolon under half and full light and moderate sand burial. Those new adventitious roots helped plants to absorb more water and nutrients from soil to maintain water balance of shoot, and to support the shoot growing up. Growth fast of top of the stolon and produced adventitious roots maybe a key for V.trifolia to avoid being further covered by sand. When the full plant was covered with sand under half and full sever sand burial, the strategy of the plant in adapting to sand burial was that leaves under sand died and the material in the leaves was transferred to the apex of the stolon; however longer full sand burial results in death of the plant. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献