Vitamin Preparations Research Articles

Maternal Vitamin B12 Deficiency Detected by Newborn Screening-Evaluation of Causes and Characteristics.

Vitamin B12 deficiency, mostly of maternal origin in newborns, is a well-treatable condition but can cause severe neurologic sequelae in infants. Early detection of vitamin B12 deficiency allows the pre-symptomatic treatment of affected children. This evaluation assesses the characteristics of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency detected by newborn screening. In a prospective single-center study, a systematic screening strategy for vitamin B12 deficiency using a combination of two second-tier strategies was applied. In addition to confirmatory diagnostics in children, the systematic work-up of vitamin B12 status was also performed for their mothers. Maternal characteristics were assessed including ethnic origin, diet, and vitamin supplementation during pregnancy. For affected mothers, a work-up by internal medicine was recommended. In total, 121 mother–infant couples were analyzed. 66% of mothers adhered to a balanced diet including meat. The cause of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency was unknown in 56% of cases, followed by dietary causes in 32%, and organic causes in 8%. All mothers following a vegan diet and most mothers with a vegetarian diet took vitamin preparations during pregnancy, whereas only 55.8% of mothers with a balanced diet took folic acid or other vitamins. Maternal vitamin B12, folic acid, and homocysteine levels were significantly correlated with the child’s folic acid levels, and with homocysteine, methylmalonic, and methylcitric acid levels in first and second NBS dried blood spots. Most children had normal blood counts and showed normocytosis. Although 36.7% of mothers showed anemia, only one presented with macrocytosis. Adherence to vitamin supplementation in pregnancy is low despite the recommendation for supplementation of folic acid. Ideally, the evaluation of mothers for vitamin B12 levels and appropriate therapy should be initiated in early pregnancy. In infants detected through newborn screening, the multidisciplinary assessment and therapy of both children and mothers should be performed.

Food supplements in Poland in context of issues related to their safety as food

Summary In Poland, food supplements have been popular among consumers for many years. Their sale brings producers huge profits. The interest in these products, especially in vitamin and mineral preparations and in immunity-supporting products increased dramatically due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-medication with untested dietary supplements may be health hazardous. Since in Poland and in other countries the procedures of quality control of food supplements are imperfect, this situation raises serious concerns about the risks of their unrestricted use and food fraud. The article briefly presents important problems in the safety of food supplements from the point of view of experts involved in their evaluation.

Synthesis and preparation of vitamin A coupled butein-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for liver fibrosis therapy in rats

The development of a therapeutic system for hepatic fibrosis has become a research hotspot to date. Butein, a simple chalcone derivative, displays anti-fibrotic effects through different pathways. However, impurities, low solubility, and low concentration in the target tissue hinder therapy with herbal ingredients. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the vitamin A (VA) storage cells, as the main contributors to liver fibrogenesis, are not readily accessible to drugs owing to their anatomical location. Targeted delivery of therapeutics to the activated HSCs is therefore critical for successful treatment.For these reasons, the current study aimed at increasing butein delivery to the liver. Hence, high purity butein was synthesized in three steps. A novel VA-Myrj52 ester conjugate was also synthesized using all-trans retinoic acid and a hydrophilic emulsifier (Myrj52) as a targeting agent. Next, butein was encapsulated inside the novel VA-modified solid lipid nanoparticles (VA-SLNs) and studied in vitro and in vivo.According to our evaluations, negatively charged SLNs with a mean diameter of 150 nm and entrapment efficacy of 75 % were successful in liver fibrosis amelioration.Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of VA-SLNs in fibrotic rats, for four weeks long, reduced serum AST and ALT by 58% (P, 0.001) and 72% (P, 0.05), respectively, concerning the CCl4 group. Additionally, histologic damage score decline and normalization of tissue oxidative stress markers collectively confirmed the efficacy of formulations in hepatic fibrosis and kidney damage amelioration.

Improving the reproductive function of cows with complex vitamin and mineral preparations in the conditions of Central Yakutia.

The object of the study were cows of the Simmental breed in the amount of 100 yalov heads bred in the farm "Serge" of the Namsky district and in the farm of LLC "Ecoferma Tuimaada" located in the mkr. Marha of Yakutsk. According to the results of various complex vitamin preparations administered to cows in the form of top dressing for their postpartum activity, growth and safety of offspring, as well as hunting and fertilization after weaning of calves, the following results were obtained: compared with the control group (n=25) in the experimental group (n=75) after the introduction of vitamin and mineral top dressing in an average of 37.5% more cows came to hunt. After insemination in the experimental groups, there was an increase in the fertilization of cows by an average of 16.6%. The inclusion of vitamin and mineral fertilization in the diet of yal cows contributed to an increase in fertilization during the first insemination in the first farm by 16.6%. Optimization of vitamin and mineral nutrition allowed to increase the fertilization of previously infertile cows in the second farm by 20%. In general, feeding with vitamin and mineral preparations leads to stimulation of reproductive function. The work was commissioned by the Ministry of Agriculture of the RS(Ya), state contract No. 21-32 dated 25. 2021.

Indigenous Knowledge of Tribal Traditional Medicinal Plants: An Experimental Research

Background: Many tribal communities are still using today traditional medicinal plants across the India. Our research paying attention on current use of such plants in different tribal communities’ in the Sundarban mangrove forest region. Methods: Twelve villages of four blocks (Gosaba, Basanti, Kultali, PatharPratima) and adjoining forest area are being selected for data collection regarding traditional medicinal plants during 2016-2019 covered roughly entire the seasons of the year. Information was obtained through respondents. A total 12 key informants has been chosen for interview and everyone is local tribal people and also herbalists. Result: Cuts & wounds, digestive disorders, diarrhea, dysentery, appetite & Blood pressure diseases etc. may be treated through the different medicinal plants. One particular variety was used for cuts & wounds; another for dysentery, 1 variety for Blood pressure diseases; 1 variety for stomach trouble; 1 variety for lower abdomen pain; 1 species for cough, and as tonic; and the rest of plants (3 species) are used for preparation of vitamins respectively. Conclusion: Sundarban is the mangrove forest biodiversity region. Various medicinal plants are being used by the local tribal people depending on their traditional knowledge. Although use of modern medicine is so fast with safety and faith, however, medicinal plants have potential values which are not properly explored. If these plants effectively used for various human disorder with scientific way, then scientific acceptance will increase. That is why the result of this study is justified for the benefit the entire society.

Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of an A‐Ring Synthon for Pd‐Catalyzed Preparation of 1α‐Hydroxyvitamin D Metabolites and Analogs

AbstractThe secondary parallel hypercalcemic effects associated with the treatment of several hyperproliferative diseases with the natural hormone 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) and/or known active vitamin D metabolites and analogs, demand the development of efficient and rapid methods for the preparation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) ligands as new selective and non‐calcemic agonists. Here we describe an efficient and adaptable multigram‐scale synthetic sequence to access an A‐ring synthon as useful precursor of the vitamin D triene system of 1α‐hydroxylated vitamin D derivatives via Pd‐catalyzed carbocyclization/Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions in a protic medium. The key step is an asymmetric Lewis acid‐promoted carbonyl‐ene reaction to a chiral glyosylate ester to establish the 1α‐hydroxyl group of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its derivatives.

Physicians' Opinion and Practice of Vitamin K Administration at Birth in Romania.

(1) Background. Vitamin K is recommended worldwide as a standard of care for the prophylaxis of vitamin-K-deficiency bleeding (VKDB). This is also a standard practice in Romania, but due to the rising number of refusals by parents of basic interventions in the neonatal period, we aimed to assess the Romanian neonatologists’ opinions and current practice regarding vitamin K administration at birth. (2) Methods. We designed and conducted an electronic survey addressed to 110 physicians working in Romanian hospitals. (3) Results. Half of respondents are accustomed to receiving refusals for vitamin K administration once or twice a year. When parents refuse vitamin K administration, they usually refuse other neonatal interventions, according to 90.9% of the responding physicians, and this situation has occurred more frequently during the last two years. The number of refusals and especially their increase are more frequent in level III hospitals (p = 0.0304, p = 0.0036, respectively). Only 22.7% of the physicians responded that they would recommend an oral preparation of vitamin K in the absence of intramuscular prophylaxis. (4) Conclusion. Efforts should be made to address parents’ concerns and to have available alternatives to the intramuscular administration of vitamin K.

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF PREPARATION OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES FOR PRODUCTION OF HIGHLY HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES

The paper supplies a theoretical base for the preparation of bioactive substances used to produce highly homogeneous mixtures. It presents theoretical and experimental data on the physical, technological, and chemical properties of vitamin preparations, carbonic and sulphuric acid salts of trace elements. The study has considered the interrelation, compatibility, and manifestations of the effects of synergism and antagonism, the one-sided and mutual influence of major and minor elements, vitamin preparations and minerals. It has been analysed how the composition of the premix, the filler, its properties affect the activity of bioactive substances. Besides, data are presented on how the moisture content, pH, temperature, and physical properties determine the degree of bioavailability of substances. It has been studied how big the particles are and how homogeneously bioactive substances are distributed when mixed with a premix filler. The size and shape of particles have been established to be essential factors when obtaining homogeneous mixtures. The characteristics of bioactive substances have been summarised, and their physical, technological, and chemical properties, the features of their preparation, and the technological stages of manufacturing premixes have been analysed. Based on this, classifications of bioactive substances have been developed for vitamin preparations and salts of trace elements. The step-by-step structure of the compound feed technological system that produces premixes has been described and compared with the earlier technologies. Based on the theoretical and experimental studies, reasons have been given for the classification of bioactive substances into three groups and for their proper preparation during premix production, depending on their bulk density, particle size, and percentage in the composition of premixes: 0.1–2.0 kg/t, 2.0–30.0 kg/t, 30.0–100.0, and more. It has been determined how particles of the premix components range in size (0.04–0.6 mm), and it has been established that the size of the filler particles should not exceed 0.8 mm. The problems of preparing bioactive substances in the premix production have been analysed, and it has been recommended how to solve them in order to obtain homogeneous mixtures, premixes, protein-vitamin supplements, and protein-mineral-vitamin supplements.

Everything in excess is opposed to nature, even vitamin D: a case report.

SummaryVitamin D intoxication in children is rare but its incidence is increasing as vitamin D is supplemented more often and in higher doses. Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) are at risk for vitamin D intoxication due to incorrect compounded preparations of liposoluble vitamins. Here, we report a severe vitamin D intoxication in a 4-year-old girl with CF, due to an error in the compounded vitamin A, D, E, and K preparation, presenting clinically with weight loss, constipation, polydipsia, polyuria, and nycturia. The administered compounded preparation contained 10 000-fold the prescribed vitamin D dose. The patient was treated with hyperhydration, loop diuretics, and bisphosphonates. Serum calcium levels normalized after 4 days but serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels remained elevated even up to 2 months after treatment.Learning pointsVitamin D intoxication should be ruled out when patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) present with acute polyuria, constipation, and weight loss.Prompt treatment is necessary to avert life-threatening complications.Regularly measuring serum calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in children with CF receiving vitamin A, D, E, and K supplements is important during their follow-up.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Standard vs. Liposomal Form Enriched with Vitamin K2 in Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomized Multi-Center Trial.

Background: We aimed to assess a liposomal fat-soluble vitamin formulation containing vitamin K2 with standard treatment in cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: A multi-center randomized controlled trial was carried out in 100 pancreatic-insufficient patients with CF. The liposomal formulation contained vitamin A as retinyl palmitate (2667 IU daily) and beta-carotene (1333 IU), D3 (4000 IU), E (150 IU), K1 (2 mg), and K2 as menaquinone-7 (400 µg). It was compared with the standard vitamin preparations in the closest possible doses (2500 IU, 1428 IU, 4000 IU, 150 IU, 2.14 mg, respectively; no vitamin K2) over 3 months. Results: Forty-two patients finished the trial in the liposomal and 49 in the control group (overall 91 pts: 22.6 ± 7.6 years, 62.6% female, BMI 19.9 ± 2.8 kg/m2, FEV1% 70% ± 30%). The main outcome was the change of vitamin status in the serum during the study (liposomal vs. standard): all-trans-retinol (+1.48 ± 95.9 vs. −43.1 ± 121.4 ng/mL, p = 0.054), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (+9.7 ± 13.4 vs. +2.0 ± 9.8 ng/mL, p = 0.004), α-tocopherol (+1.5 ± 2.5 vs. −0.2 ± 1.6 µg/mL, p < 0.001), %undercarboxylated osteocalcin (−17.2 ± 24.8% vs. −8.3 ± 18.5%, p = 0.061). The secondary outcome was the vitamin status at the trial end: all-trans-retinol (370.0 ± 116.5 vs. 323.1 ± 100.6 ng/mL, p = 0.045), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (43.2 ± 16.6 vs. 32.7 ± 11.5 ng/mL, p < 0.001), α-tocopherol (9.0 ± 3.1 vs. 7.7 ± 3.0 µg/mL, p = 0.037), %undercarboxylated osteocalcin (13.0 ± 11.2% vs. 22.7 ± 22.0%, p = 0.008). Conclusion: The liposomal fat-soluble vitamin supplement containing vitamin K2 was superior to the standard form in delivering vitamin D3 and E in pancreatic-insufficient patients with CF. The supplement was also more effective in strengthening vitamin K-dependent carboxylation, and could improve vitamin A status.

Additional sources of antirachitic vitamin

Except for the artificial factory preparations of vitamin D such as vigantol, radiostol and others, which we do not currently have on sale, the main drug substance containing significant amounts of the antirachitic vitamin is cod oil. Before the revolution, almost all of our country's need for this fat was covered by fat imported from abroad, mainly from Norway. Meanwhile, we have a number of opportunities to use the internal resources of the country and thus free the USSR from economic dependence and in this respect from foreign capital.

Preparation and property evaluation of vitamin A cyclodextrin inclusion complex

Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) is widely used in drug encapsulation and cosolvent of insoluble drugs, modified HP-β-CD derivatives may to make pH sensitive by introducing functional groups. In this study, HP-β-CD derivative was prepared by oxidation cross-linking method with urea as the crosslinker agent. HP-β-CD derivatives and vitamin A (VA) inclusion complex were characterized using FT-IR, DSC, XRD and SEM. The solubilization effect, encapsulation efficiency (EE, %), loading content (LC, %) and in vitro release behavior of cyclodextrin derivatives on VA also investigated at different pH. The experimental results show that urea linked HP-β-CD can significantly increase the solubility of VA up to 32 times then pure water, the EE of the VA inclusion complex reach 66.88±4.56%, and the LC was 15.38±1.12%, The 24h in vitro cumulative release reaches 95.91%(pH=4.5) and 66.68%(pH=7.0) when the ratio of urea to HP-β-CD was 3:1. The HP-β-CD derivatives can increase the solubility of VA and the drug release has pH sensitivity.

Zsírban oldódó A-, D2-, D3-, E- és K3-vitaminok meghatározása izotóphígítással és LC-MS/MS műszeregyüttessel

The purpose of our publication is the determination of the total amount (of natural origin and added) of fat-soluble vitamins A, D2, D3 and E in low amounts in foods (wheat flour, soft drinks, effervescent tablets) and dietary supplements using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The samples were diluted with isotope-labeled derivatives of the target components (vitamin A-d6, vitamin D2-d3, vitamin D3-d3, vitamin E-d6), and after extraction and saponification, they were purified by liquid-liquid extraction. After a solvent exchange, the concentration of the vitamins was determined on a C8 HPLC column using acidic mobile phases (0.1% formic acid in water/methanol) and LC-MS/MS technique. In dietary supplements, the analysis of the fat-soluble vitamin K3 may also be important, because the use of vitamin K3 is currently not approved in human formulations. During the determination of vitamin K3, saponification is not necessary, due to its structure, alkaline hydrolysis would lead to the decomposition of vitamin K3, so this component was analyzed by a method different from the one used for the other vitamins. LC-MS/MS analysis of small amounts of vitamin K3 is more complicated than that of other vitamins due to the low sensitivity of the MS instrument to vitamin K3. The determination of vitamin K3 was therefore carried out after chemical derivatization with L-cysteine as a derivatizing reagent, also with isotope dilution and LC-MS/MS technique. After intralaboratory validation, the methods were successfully used in domestic and international proficiency tests in infant formulas and liquid vitamin preparations.

Vitamin A intake forms resistance to hypervitaminosis A and affects the functional activity of the liver

Vitamin A intake forms resistance to hypervitaminosis A and affects the functional activity of the liver

Somatoneurological and psycho-pedagogical features of children with cerebral palsy in the context of their readiness for training in Paralympic sports

Introduction. Currently, Russia does not have a scientifically grounded medical and psychological support system for disabled children (DC), which allows involving them in classes in children and youth schools of adaptive physical education, preparing the country’s Paralympic DC reserve. Aim of the study. To develop and create a medical support system for the Paralympic DC reserve, capable of improving their quality of life and forming a medical and social lift. Materials and methods. Children aged from 1 year to 18 years had cerebral palsy (CP) with impaired motor functions of levels I and II according to the global motor function assessment system and the Manual Abilities Classification system and their families were monitored. A comprehensive assessment of the somatic, neurological, mental and nutritional status of CP children) was carried out, and a wide range of comorbid pathology was described. After the rehabilitation treatment with the use of complex personalized rehabilitation programs, dynamic monitoring of the condition of patients with cerebral palsy was carried out, followed by an assessment of the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment and the impact on it the psychological readiness of patients, their parents to engage in Paralympic sports, as well as the socio-economic level of the family. The attitude of CP children and their parents to participate in the Paralympic movement was studied. All patients underwent a comprehensive study of somatic, neurological, orthopaedic, psychological and nutritional status. The socio-hygienic characteristics of families and the rehabilitation potential of DC and their families have been determined. Results. Children with cerebral palsy have a wide range of comorbid pathology, which requires the involvement of specialists of different profiles in the curation of patients. The use of complex personalized rehabilitation programs allows achieving positive dynamics after 14 days of rehabilitation treatment. Early introduction of botulinum therapy in the rehabilitation program of CP patients provides higher efficiency of rehabilitation treatment. Treatment of protein-energy deficiency in CP children should include correction of the diet using specialized products, metabolic therapy, enzyme and complex vitamin preparations. Differentiated medical, psychological and pedagogical counselling of parents of CP children will allow optimizing the solution of the state problem regarding the timely inclusion of persons with disabilities in adaptive physical education classes. Conclusion. The development and creation of a comprehensive medical and psychological support system solve an urgent medical and social problem, ensuring the integration of DC into society and improving the quality of life of both a sick child and his family members.

Principles of Treatment of Patients with Diabetic Polyneuropathy in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Patients with COVID-19 may develop various neurological disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is known that diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 or 2, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, old age and old age, male gender are risk factors for a severe course and complications of COVID-19. Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, and patients with the listed risk factors are recommended to follow a regime of social restriction or self-isolation. Outpatient treatment is most appropriate for this category of patients. Patients with diabetes who have undergone COVID-19 are at risk of developing or progressing diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). It seems relevant to develop the principles of effective treatment of patients with DM and DPN in outpatient settings. Glycemic level correction, diet, weight normalization, therapy of combined cardiovascular diseases, an increase of physical activity, sleep normalization, maintenance of normal psychological state are the main principles of treatment of patients with DM and DPN in COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Pathogenetic therapy of DPN continues to be discussed, in our country the preparations of B vitamins, alpha-lipoic acid are widely used. B-group vitamin preparations can be used in the form of tablets or solutions for intramuscular injections. The effectiveness of B vitamins (B1, B6, B12) in the treatment of a severe course of COVID- 19, prevention of complications of COVID-19, especially in elderly patients and with diabetes is discussed.

NEW VITAMIN-MINERAL PREPARATION FOR PREVENTION OF OBSTETRIC PATHOLOGY OF ANIMALS «BIOTAN 3Z»

The article presents the vitamin and mineral preparation «Biotan 3Z" which includes micro- and macroelements in the form of water-soluble salts, namely Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Iron, Copper Manganese, Copper, Cobalt and Manganese. It also contains many vitamins (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, vitamin A, E, B1, PP) and essential amino acids - rich in methionine, lysine, arginine, histidine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, cystine, tryptophan, glycine, proline, threonine and serine, which are necessary for the normal functioning of the body. Due to this veterinary drug the level of diseases of domestic animals decreases, their productive qualities increase. This drug accelerates the growth of animals. Vitamin and mineral preparation «Biotan 3Z" reduces the incidence and mortality of animals. Prevents diseases that originate from changes in housing conditions or occur against the background of metabolism or lack of vitamins and minerals.&#x0D; When using this drug in bitches, the biochemical and morphological parameters of the blood of these animals were analyzed. Significant changes in blood parameters such as erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total protein, before and after administration of the drug in various forms of manifestation have not been established. There was only a slight increase in erythrocytes from 6,6±0,2 thousand / ml to 7,8±0,4 thousand/ml, as well as a slight increase in hemoglobin from 120±3,8 g/l to 146±6,8 g/l. Vitamins and minerals contained in the fed drug had a positive effect on metabolism in the mother and fetus, as evidenced by changes in blood creatinine, which at 14 weeks before delivery was 127,6 μmol/l and on the first day of delivery in the experimental group increased to 135.8 μmol/l.&#x0D; The addition of a vitamin-mineral preparation to the main diet in some way affected the metabolism and biochemical composition of the blood of the bitches of the experimental group. It was expressed by an increase in the physiological limits of glucose, total protein, albumin, creatinine, cholesterol, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus and a decrease in globulins, bilirubin and AST. The concentration of urea, triglycerides and LF activity almost did not change.&#x0D; Feeding of vitamin-mineral preparation «Biotan 3Z» to bitches before childbirth affected the content in the blood of experimental animals of total calcium and inorganic phosphorus, the concentration of which increased by 0,2 mmol / l compared to baseline, and 0,2 and 0,3 mmol/l – with the control group after the experiment. Vitamin and mineral preparation «Biotan 3Z» is of interest for veterinary medicine and therefore it is advisable to continue its further clinical study.

The problem of hypersensitivity to vitamin preparations

ABSTRACT. The problem of the development of adverse reactions as a result of the use of diagnostic and medicinal products (drugs) is becoming increasingly important. Patients more often report reactions to local anesthetics (43.2 % of cases), antibiotics (18.8 %), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (9.7 %), other drugs (28.4 %), B vitamins (4-5 %). It is important to understand that hypersensitivity (HS) to vitamin preparations (VP) is very common, according to patients, but not so often confirmed by their in-depth allergy examination. Basic data on HS before the VP were obtained in the 80-90s of the 20th century, but since then the situation has changed radically. The frequency of HS on these drugs is based on medical history when patients use multicomponent VP for oral administration, allergens in which may be other components (shell tablets and capsules, metal salts, flavors, sweeteners, dyes, preservatives). The causative allergens in the injectable forms of VP can also be auxiliary ingredients of the drug, in particular lidocaine and benzyl alcohol. There are only a few scientific publications with the appropriate evidence base for HS to individual VP, more often B vitamins. The clinical picture of HS reactions to VP is diverse (systemic, cutaneous, respiratory, rarely other visceral manifestations). They can develop both immediately and in a delayed type. Part of the VP (B vitamins, vitamin K) can cause the development of anaphylaxis with fatal consequences. VP, as a rule, do not belong to vital drugs therefore it is possible for this reason till now in real clinical practice insufficiently developed methods of allergodiagnostics both in vivo (skin, provocative tests), and in vitro (laboratory tests) among patients with suspicion for the development of HS to VP. It is not possible to perform allergy diagnostics in persons who have taken complex VP, so there is a problem of hyperdiagnosis of drug allergy to them. Therefore, the problem of determining the true allergic reaction in patients who report the development of a history of HS to VP remains relevant. As a rule, after the development of any adverse reaction during the reception of VP on the patient hangs the label “allergy to vitamins” for life without further allergy examination. That is why the problem of HS to VP needs further study.

Preparation and characterization of aqueous vitamin E/Soluplus® dispersions for film coating applications

Objective The goals of this study were to (1) delineate a technique to prepare stable aqueous vitamin E/Soluplus® dispersions; (2) characterize films cast from the aqueous dispersions; and (3) demonstrate the utility of the aqueous dispersions in fluid bed coating applications. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using vitamin E in the preparation of amphiphilic film withs potential use in delayed-release coating applications. Methods Low viscosity aqueous vitamin E/Soluplus® dispersions were prepared by first spray drying ethanolic vitamin E/Soluplus® solutions followed by high-shear homogenization of the solid dispersions in water. Concentrated (10%) aqueous dispersions containing 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of vitamin E in the binary blend with Soluplus® were then cast into films and characterized for contact angle and mechanical strength by texture analysis. Results All films were hydrophilic and homogenous, which confirmed the utility of vitamin E as a plasticizer for the Soluplus® polymer. The 0% and 10% films were brittle whereas the 30% were tacky. The 20% dispersion was subsequently used to coat acetaminophen granules by a fluidized bed process to a dry weight gain of 10–30%. When tested by a dissolution study, a delay in acetaminophen release was observed as a function of weight gain. Conclusion The results from this study demonstrated that it is feasible to produce stable vitamin E/Soluplus® aqueous dispersions to be used as solvent-free functional film coating materials.

Use of vitamin preparations in the skin care process

Vitamins exhibit a wide spectrum of activity. They take part in all vital processes in the organisms and are responsible for young and healthy appearance of the skin. Each of the vitamins is characterized by individual properties and their own way of activity. The aim of the study was to present the most common vitamins in cosmetic products and their influence on the condition of the skin, hair and nails. Vitamin deficiency can cause not only changes and diseases inside the body, but also may impair skin conditionssuch as: altered tone, grayish and bruising around eyes, visible blood vessels, discoloration and lack of elasticity. Synergistic supplementation of vitamins, both oral and external, can improve the appearance of the skin and reduce changes caused by environmental factors.