Purpose. A) To determine types and prevalence of anatomical variants of bronchial segmentation in patients who underwent 64-section Multidetector CT (MDCT) of the chest. B) To evaluate the ability of this method as a diagnostic tool. Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective review of chest computed tomography studies of 156 adult patients, performed with Toshiba, Aquilion 64 CFX, CT Scanner Equipment, with chest volumetric acquisitions, and cuts of 0.5 mm. Images obtained allowed MPR and 3D reconstructions, along with virtual endoscopic visualization of the tracheobronchial tree, in the study period from may 2007 to may 2011, irrespective of reasons to request those examinations. Results. Eighty-nine (57%) of the 156 cases corresponded to male patients and 67 (43%) to female.patients. Fifty-two variants were found in 47 patients, since in five of them two variants were observed. The most commonly encountered variants were: variant of number (28 variants, 53%), of which 15 (28%) showed sub-superior lobar bronchus, 6 (11%) accessory bronchus in the left lower lobe; 5 (10%) isomerism of lower lobes, and 2 (4%) accessory bronchus in the right upper lobe. Among variations of origin (24 variants, 47%) we found 17 variants (33%) with right upper lobe bi- furcation; 6 (12%) exhibited trifurcation of the left upper lobe bronchus, and 1 (2%) showed accessory tracheal bronchus. Conclusion. Anatomical variants in the tracheobronchial tree exhibited a prevalence of 33% in our study population. We found 52 variants in 47 patients, the most common being bifurcation of the right upper lobe bronchus, and subsuperior lobar bronchus. The study of anatomical variants, along with total anatomy of the tracheobronchial tree by 64 MDCT, irrespective of study protocol applied, can provide useful information prior to performing more invasive procedures, such as conventional bronchoscopy.