Visual Presentation Of Data Research Articles

The dry lab microscopist or prompt microscopist: do we need them?

AbstractIn modern biological microscopy, the explosion of data volume and complexity highlights the urgent need for specialised data management support roles. While traditional microscopy focuses on visual data presentation, the rapid increase in big data acquisition and data mining demands advanced handling and analysis. This gap underscores the need for “dry lab microscopists” or data experts skilled in microscopy data management, software interoperability, and AI-driven solutions. Job markets reflect this demand, pointing to the necessity for dedicated training programs. Integrating these specialists into research institutions is crucial for addressing digital data challenges and maintaining high standards in data integrity and analysis. Their role is essential for advancing research in the data-driven era.

Visualize correlations using heat maps in R

The role of gut microbiota in maintaining of homeostasis and development of pathophysiological disorders has been actively studied over the past decades. With the advent of genome sequencing technology, new opportunities are opening up in this area. With the advent the technology of genome sequencing, new opportunities are opening up in this area. During statistical processing, there is a need to perform correlation analysis. However, with a large number of indicators, visual presentation of data can be difficult. Heat maps allow you to graphically represent large amount of data. The article contains a methodology of graphically representing correlations using heat maps.

DETERMINANTS OF EXTERNAL ECONOMIC SECURITY OF UKRAINE IN 2010-2022

Objective. The objective of the present study is to analyze the level of economic security in general and foreign economic security of Ukraine in 2010-2021, in particular, to identify disincentive factors and stimulators of foreign economic security in 2010-2022. Methods. The following methods and techniques of cognition are applied: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction (to justify the complementary relationship between economic and foreign economic security), analysis of series of dynamics (to identify the state and trends inherent in indicators of economic and foreign economic security of Ukraine), tabular (for visual presentation of factual data on the level and dynamics of economic and foreign economic security of Ukraine in 2010-2021 and 2010-2022, respectively ). Results. On the basis of the conducted study of the level of economic security in general and external economic security of Ukraine in 2010-2021, in particular, it is determined that during the period under the analysis, the level of economic security of Ukraine was on average 40%, foreign economic security – 35%, which corresponds to a dangerous state. At the same time, foreign economic security is proposed to be considered as the state of protection of the country's national economic interests in the field of foreign economic relations, which is based on the country's ability to ensure sustainable economic growth and increase the welfare of the population in the long term; protect their national resources and markets from external threats; influence world economic processes and defend their interests in the international arena. It is identified that the factors stimulating foreign economic security of Ukraine in 2010-2022 were: high level of openness of the economy; the specifics of export-import operations – the value of exports significantly exceeded the value of imports, a high level of focus on one geographical direction was observed – one foreign trade partner, one product; low level of processing of goods and specialization in trade in raw goods with a low level of processing; low level of utilization of the transit capacities of the gas transportation and oil transportation system; sufficiently high level of import dependence; insufficient level of diversification of the economy. It is determined that despite the lack of factors stimulating the country's foreign economic security during 2010-2022, the following positive trends are observed during this period: decrease in the openness of the national economy, decrease in the level of foreign trade dependence of Ukraine on leading partner countries, decrease in the level of dependence on export volumes countries from the leading product (product group).

IDENTIFYING AND ANALYSING BASE TREND IN CORPORATE UNIFORM DESIGN

The article examines the problem of identifying key trends in the development of the concept of corporate uniform in an organisation based on information about successfully implemented projects in various professional fields. For this purpose, an algorithm for applying data analysis methods in practical activities CRISP-DM was used, which includes six typical stages: understanding business goals, initial study of data, data preparation, modeling, evaluation and implementation. For each stage, methods (mathematical, expert) for processing data to identify trends are defined. The result of applying the proposed methodology is a visual presentation of data on identified trends in uniform design, including in the format of temperature maps, allowing a specialist in the field of costume design to reasonably interpret them and extrapolate the identified trends into the future of corporate fashion and corporate identity.

Design of a web-based information system for domestic sea transportation services for limited liability company goods

This research aims to design and implement a web-based information system for domestic sea transportation services of goods owned by a Limited Liability Company. Currently, the Limited Liability Company faces challenges in administrating goods due to the time-consuming recording process and using Excel applications that are prone to manual errors, accompanied by inaccuracies due to the absence of an integrated database system. The information system developed uses the waterfall approach for system design and the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for modelling, resulting in a requirements analysis, UML-based system design, and eight database tables that support system functionality. The use of PHP programming and MySQL database in the system implementation resulted in a web application that allows PT NSE to manage administration in a timely and accurately, with reports stored in the database. To enhance the executive dashboard of the domestic sea transportation service information system for goods, revamping the display for more visual and informative data presentation is essential. Additionally, integrating an Excel export feature will facilitate further data processing by relevant parties. Adequate resources must be allocated to maintain and manage the system effectively, ensuring seamless and sustainable operation. By implementing this information system, the Limited Liability Company is expected to boost administrative efficiency and accuracy, thereby solidifying its position in Indonesia's logistics service industry.

Modern Possibilities of Data Visualization in Digital Platform of Moodle Learning Management System

The visualization of accumulated data is an important aspect of managing learning processes. The digitization and automatization of educational management systems, along with the increasing adoption of modern technologies, empower professors to track and analyze student performance across various platforms. This paper presents the implementation of a modern software extension (plugin) for Moodle, a popular and flexible learning management system, to visually represent the grades accumulated by students in various course activities. These software extensions possess robust capabilities for the visual presentation of statistical data, utilizing data from points accumulated in assessment components such as quizzes, presentations, midterms, final exams, etc. By employing these extensions, professors can easily observe the distribution of grades earned by individual students. Modern approaches to the management of learning processes increasingly embrace the power of data visualization, simplifying and enhancing the overall experience. Visualizations allow educators to quickly identify patterns, trends, and areas for improvement within their learning processes. This timely and insightful information facilitates informed decision-making and efficient resource allocation. By readily identifying areas of strength and weakness, educators can implement targeted interventions and adjustments to ensure all learners receive the optimal learning experience. This ongoing monitoring and refinement contribute to continuous quality improvement within the educational environment. Visualizations provide stakeholders with a clear and accessible overview of learning progress and outcomes. This transparency fosters open communication, collaboration, and trust among educators, learners, and administrators. To effectively leverage the power of data visualization, modern learning management systems (LMS) increasingly integrate with specialized software extensions. This paper discusses two particularly powerful plugins for the Moodle learning management system and their effectiveness.

Development and Promotion of a Brand Based on Parametric Criteria Using an Inductive Approach and Three-Stage Coding

Relevance. Influencer marketing is a rapidly evolving but still relatively under-explored management practice in B2B markets. Although there is a growing body of research on influencer marketing in general, it has focused almost entirely on consumer markets, product-focused social media promotions, and consumer attitudes and behavior, providing only limited insight into the organizational processes and unique characteristics of influencer marketing in markets B2B.The purpose of this study is a methodology for assessing an existing brand and developing marketing activities to promote it.Objectives. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set and solved: brand monitoring was carried out in order to determine desirable and undesirable associations (based on Venn logic); the correlation between associations and brand promotion was assessed using parametric criteria; The resulting model was tested based on analysis of variance.Methodology. The research is based on methods of statistical data analysis, visual presentation of data, expert assessment methods, the theory of corporate branding, Venn diagrams, multi-correlation analysis, inductive approach, three-stage coding.Results. The results obtained include the definition of desirable and undesirable associations (based on Venn logic), assessment of the correlation between associations and brand promotion using parametric criteria, testing of the resulting model, a vector scale was created that evaluates changes in the economic potential of the company.Conclusions. Based on the results of the research, we can conclude that the introduction of associations for interested parties really has a positive effect on people’s opinions and ideas about the brand, which certainly affects its recognition, and, consequently, the promotion of the product.

Exploring thermal isomerisation in gas chromatography analyses using natural pyrethrins: Comparison of comprehensive two-dimensional and one-dimensional gas chromatography

This study aims to assess and qualitatively compare the visual presentation of chromatographic data from the isomerisation of natural pyrethrins – a group of pesticides derived from Chrysanthemum flowers – using one-dimensional gas chromatography (1DGC) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC). Molecular structural changes, such as thermal isomerisation in this case, occur during gas chromatography injection and separation, to provide characteristic patterns which may not be routinely recognised on the 1D chromatogram. To demonstrate the influence of analytical method parameters on isomerisation processes, variations in oven temperature (isothermal vs. temperature programmed analysis), inlet mode (split vs. splitless), inlet temperature, and carrier gas flow rate were investigated. Increasing oven temperature was the most significant factor affecting isomerisation. Splitless injection mode and increasing inlet temperature promoted isopyrethrin formation, while the effect of inlet temperature appeared minimal with a split injection technique, most likely due to the short residence time in the inlet. Increased carrier gas flow rates in a temperature programmed analysis reduced retention time and minimised isomerisation. The unique presentation of isopyrethrin peaks on a GC×GC contour plot allows for facile recognition of isomerisation especially at low concentrations, simplifies chromatogram interpretation, and aids in analyte identification. It also confirms that the isomerisation process is irreversible since the pyrethrin I and II compounds are absent throughout the bridge formation. These benefits support the use of GC×GC over 1DGC to study isomerisation. Additionally, due to limited data in the literature, Kováts retention indices and linear retention indices of the natural pyrethrins, including isopyrethrins, were experimentally determined on four columns: DB-5 ms UI, Rxi-17Sil MS, SLB-IL60i, and SLB-IL111i.

Использование визуализации информации для развития образного мышления

Imaginative thinking surpasses verbal-logical thinking in terms of speed, volume of stored information and the duration of its storage. Therefore, when solving various problems, imaginative thinking has significant advantages. However, when teaching students of non-artistic specialties, often insufficient attention is paid to the effective use of imaginative thinking in professional activities. At the same time, thanks to the use of computer and information technologies, the possibilities of data visualization have grown significantly. In the present work, possible ways of developing imaginative thinking in teaching students of non-artistic specialties using data visualization methods are investigated. The methodological basis of the study was the analysis of scientific publications and generalized practical experience in identifying the main ways of using information visualization for the development of imaginative thinking in the learning process. The article discusses the main modern methods of research visualization and possible ways of using information visualization for the development of imaginative thinking. It is shown that in order to increase the efficiency of using this thinking in professional activities, in the learning process it is necessary to pay more attention to the analysis of the visual presentation of data, as well as teaching the active use of research visualization methods and, in particular, infographics and dashboards.

Social Comparison in Healthy Adult Peloton Bikers: How Visual Display of Exercise Data Affects Performance

UniversityIn group exercise settings, individuals compare their performance against others, a process called social comparison. Although social comparison in laboratory-based exercise settings has been investigated, little is known about how exercising with others can boost motivation to perform in a non-laboratory group exercise setting with data display. Peloton bikers (N = 26) completed the same 30-minute cycling session in three conditions: group data display, individual data display, and no data display. Participants’ exercise performance (i.e., heart rate, calories burned, and distance cycled) was assessed for each condition. Ego orientation and social comparison were investigated as predictors of performance. Results indicated that in the group data condition, participants had higher heart rates (p = .02), calories burned (p = .03), and longer distance cycled (p < .001) compared to the no data condition. Positive correlations emerged between social comparison and calories burned (r = .52), social comparison and distance (r = .45), and calories burned and distance (r = .75). Additionally, there was a negative correlation between ego orientation and HR (r = -.45), and between task and ego orientations (r = -.47). Ego orientation explained 19% of the variance in HR, and social comparison accounted for 20% and 27% of the variance in distance and calories burned, respectively. These results suggest that social comparison, ego orientation, and visually displayed data can all improve exercise performance. This study is bridging the gap between research and practice by providing further evidence of the application of the motivational effect of visually displayed exercise data in a group exercise setting. Specifically, fitness professionals can utilize the visual presentation of exercise data to increase their participant’s engagement, while being cognizant of the risk of over-exertion.

Society in sight: foundations, methods and current developments of visual social science

ABSTRACT This article presents a balanced account of visual social science in its successive emanations. It starts by defining the basic traits and assumptions of the visual study of culture and society and then moves to briefly sketch its origins in camera-based research and its gradual institutionalization. Then a discussion follows of the more recent period which is characterized by a broadening of the field of view in many respects: other non-camera based techniques have entered the scope, along with a more inclusive stance towards not directly visible referents. New technologies also have dramatically expanded the visual and spatial opportunities of visual research, and ways to include other senses than the visual are being considered. Next, the article moves to a concise discussion of different modes of visual data collection, production, and presentation. Four ‘vignettes’ complement this discussion by presenting applications of the main modes of visual social science: one about the study of found images, one involving researcher-produced images and another based on respondent-generated images, and lastly an excerpt of a visual essay. The final section examines some current challenges and opportunities of visual research in terms of navigating and partly overcoming several disciplinary and external expectations and constraints.

Power Visualization System Based on IoT and eSIM Card Technology

To improve the quality and efficiency of power system management in power transmission and transformation equipment, a visualization system based on IoT and eSIM card technology is designed. The scheme adopts RFID, network development, .NET technology, MSSQL and related technologies and tools to realize the basic functions of the life-cycle management system of power transmission and transformation equipment. At the same time, the On air card writing of eSIM card is used to directly correct the communication parameter settings of the terminal, and the dialing and positioning information are integrated into a module. The visual component uses the latest Web development technology to design and complete the view editor function. Finally, the visual monitoring and data presentation functions of the equipment are tested based on the scenario design, and the results show that the system can achieve real-time monitoring and centralized management under the IoT environment, and comprehensively improves the intelligent level of the power system.

STUDY OF OPTIONS FOR TRANSPORT PROVISION OF PRODUCTION INTEGRATION IN THE "PORT-INDUSTRIAL PARK" SYSTEM

The purpose of the article is to identify the structure of costs according to possible variants of transport provision in the "port - industrial park" system, as a basis for further optimization of the relevant transportation processes. The Methodology. To achieve the outlined goal, a set of general scientific and special methods of cognition were used, namely: system analysis and synthesis, generalization to characterize the current state and trends of further development of the "port-industrial park" system; graph-analytical - for visual presentation and graphical interpretation of statistical data. The results. International sea freight transportation is one of the profitable, reliable, safe and most popular transportation of large consignments of all types of cargo due to the fact that they provide high energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, ergonomics of sea transport, operational transshipment procedures, access to all parts of the world with the presence of ports, etc. It has been proven that the industrial park will ensure the development of a modern industrial complex in the seaport with developed engineering and transport infrastructure, warehouse and administrative premises. On the basis of the analysis, the main directions for solving the tasks of transport support for the industrial integration of the "port - industrial park" system are identified, namely, the optimization of the transport and technological infrastructure; efficient use of port infrastructure; optimization of transport costs. In order to identify the cost structure according to the possible variants of transport support in the "port - industrial park" system, the possible variants of the transport and technological equipment of the "port - industrial park" system are presented in the form of a diagram, and the formula for calculating the costs for the delivery of a unit of cargo is given for the industrial park. Scientific novelty. The authors substantiated the expediency of the creation and functioning of the "port-industrial park" system, identified the cost structure for possible transport options for industrial integration in the "port-industrial park" system. Practical significance. The obtained results can be used to increase the efficiency of multimodal freight transportation management.

FEATURES OF THE USE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH-PRECISION GPS DEVICES IN FORESTRY

Forestry institutions are currently gradually introducing GIS technologies. With the use of GIS technology and digital data processing, Kazakh Forestry Enterprise is doing a lot of work to collect data on the First Forest Fund, on the accounting of districts, etc., transfer the collected data to institutions, commissioning.At the same time, electronic media are replacing the old paper tablets. Geographic information systems (GIS) are a key element of the effective and operational solution of many scientific, practical and managerial tasks due to the visual presentation of data and a variety of tools for their analysis. The use of GIS technologies makes it possible to combine into a single structure a large volume of cartographic and thematic information, including remote sensing data (satellite images), field research, engineering research, monitoring, various types of economic activities, document management. Statistics showed that when using 2 base receivers and one mobile GPS 5700, even dense coniferous forest, you can get acceptable shooting results. The GPS equipment worked flawlessly. Terra Center for Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems LLP has extensive experience in collecting and systematizing data to solve various problems in the field of GIS creation, environmental design, forestry, ecology, nature management, geological exploration, topography and cartography, and oil and gas complex design. Terra Center for Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems LLP makes extensive use of geographic information technologies in its work and provides services in this area. The calculation of the area of each site, the calculation of the area of the length of rivers, roads is carried out by computer programs. This improves the quality and accuracy of work. Also, this program has the ability to work with other programs, for example: MS Excel, MS Access, ArcGIS, WinPLP, SoliM, etc. to solve professional tasks in tabular form through packages with Crystal Reports.

Use of infographics to develop speaking skills of engineering students at English classes

Introduction of infographics into tertiary education became widespread during COVID-19 pandemic as the latter triggered a fundamental transition from conventional education to online one. This new format of teaching immediately revealed a few difficulties, such as poor attendance of students, lack of relevant technologies and equipment as well as inability of most educational institutions to respond to these challenges properly. Together with it, we have also discovered that students found it uneasy to learn new material, however, as we believe, it might be improved by introducing new technologies into teaching methodology which can be used both in online and classroom work for example, to follow up the material which has already been learned online. One of these technologies is infographics. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with infographics as a tool and explain how inforgraphics may contribute to building English speaking skills at technical university. The object of the study in hand is the process of building English speaking skills of students studying at engineering faculties (industrial and civil engineering and construction and technological faculty). The subject of the work is use of infographics to build English speaking skills of students from these faculties in ELT. The practical value of this study is to show how infographics-based exercises could be implemented into English classes for first-year students who study the language at technical university. The research novelty of this study lies in the fact that infographics as a way of visual presentation of various textual, statistical information, data and knowledge is used as a means of teaching a foreign language at the stage of higher education. The results of the research can then be used to teach English to bachelors studying a wide range of engineering degrees, or as part of a refreshing course for non-linguistic masters. In addition, it should be noted that infographics can be used both for classroom and independent work of students.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE MONITORING BASED ON REMOTE SENSING DATA

Context. In the light of current road network monitoring practices, this study aims to explore the capability of remote sensing technologies to solve the problems of increasing the objectivity of preliminary evaluations of the condition of the infrastructure as a whole. The object of the study was to process the monitoring of transport infrastructure (TI) to find ways to improve it in the implementation of development projects.
 Objective. The goal of the work is to increase objectivity of decision-making on the evaluation, reconstruction, development of the transport network structure due to the visual presentation and disclosure of open data for monitoring the transport value.
 Method. Existing approaches to TI monitoring and evaluating its condition are analyzed. The identified shortcomings, as well as the development of remote sensing technologies, open up prospects for the use of remote sensing data in the TI monitoring process. A set-theoretic model of the monitoring process information flows is proposed, the consistent refinement of the elements of which made it possible to develop information technology (IT). Formation of a set of input and output parameters of IT, the set of its operations, their representation with IDEFX-models set explains how a set of heterogeneous (graphic, text, digital, cartographic, etc.) data about TI elements coming from different sources are processed and presented to support decision-making on the survey of existing infrastructure and its improvement. The developed IT makes it possible to obtain complex indicators for analyzing the TI of a particular area, to solve the problems of inventorying objects, TI and its elements modeling, taking into account the physical and geographical location, which makes it possible to consider it as an auxiliary tool that complements existing methods of TI monitoring.
 Results. The developed IT was studied in solving the problem of monitoring the TI section of the Kharkiv region using satellite imagery of medium (Sentinel–2) and high (SuperView-1) resolution and the results of laser survey of the road bridge across the river Mzha (as an element of infrastructure).
 Conclusions. The conducted experiments confirmed the operability of the proposed information technology and showed expediency of its practical use in solving the problems of obtaining generalizing characteristics of the infrastructure, inventory of TI objects and their modeling. This opens up opportunities for substantiating project decisions for the reconstruction of the transport network and planning procedures for examining its condition. Prospects for further research may include: creating reference models of TI objects, expanding the table of decryption signs of road transport infrastructure objects, integrating remote data, survey results of TI sections and engineering surveys of objects to obtain evaluations of the condition of TI in general.

Visual Analytics to Leverage Anesthesia Electronic Health Record.

Visual analytics is the science of analytical reasoning supported by interactive visual interfaces called dashboards. In this report, we describe our experience addressing the challenges in visual analytics of anesthesia electronic health record (EHR) data using a commercially available business intelligence (BI) platform. As a primary outcome, we discuss some performance metrics of the dashboards, and as a secondary outcome, we outline some operational enhancements and financial savings associated with deploying the dashboards. Data were transferred from the EHR to our departmental servers using several parallel processes. A custom structured query language (SQL) query was written to extract the relevant data fields and to clean the data. Tableau was used to design multiple dashboards for clinical operation, performance improvement, and business management. Before deployment of the dashboards, detailed case counts and attributions were available for the operating rooms (ORs) from perioperative services; however, the same level of detail was not available for non-OR locations. Deployment of the yearly case count dashboards provided near-real-time case count information from both central and non-OR locations among multiple campuses, which was not previously available. The visual presentation of monthly data for each year allowed us to recognize seasonality in case volumes and adjust our supply chain to prevent shortages. The dashboards highlighted the systemwide volume of cases in our endoscopy suites, which allowed us to target these supplies for pricing negotiations, with an estimated annual cost savings of $250,000. Our central venous pressure (CVP) dashboard enabled us to provide individual practitioner feedback, thus increasing our monthly CVP checklist compliance from approximately 92% to 99%. The customization and visualization of EHR data are both possible and worthwhile for the leveraging of information into easily comprehensible and actionable data for the improvement of health care provision and practice management. Limitations inherent to EHR data presentation make this customization necessary, and continued open access to the underlying data set is essential.

Are Measures of Health Status for the Total Population Good Proxies for the Health of the Older Population in International Comparison Studies?

In the face of population aging, the health of older people is becoming especially important, impacting various areas of life, societies and countries’ economies. To provide the basis for effective decisions to achieve better health, comparative analyses can be used to find best practices to follow. The aim of the research was to check whether drawing conclusions about the older population’s health based on the health status of the total population is justified in international comparison analyses. An analysis was conducted for six population health indicators for European countries from 2010–2019. Rankings were created for the total population and the older subpopulation, and then ranks for these two populations were compared using statistical methods. The statistical analyses indicate that there is a strong, statistically significant relationship between the ranks for the total and the older population. However, looking at the descriptive analysis and visual presentation of data, differences in international rankings of indicator values for these two populations can be observed. As older people comprise a specific group of the population that is growing ever bigger and increasingly significant, it would be advisable to present the results of international comparisons not only for the total, but separately for the older population as well.

Development and Application of an Integrated Monitoring and Early Warning Platform for Land Transportation Infrastructure under Special Engineering Conditions

To ensure the safety service performance of land transportation infrastructure under special engineering conditions, centering on the characteristics of structures such as the road high-steep slope, high embankment, special subgrade, railway track, and airport pavement, an integrated monitoring and early warning platform based on health monitoring and safety evaluation was built through the combined design of the safety indicator module, monitoring data module, information processing module, numerical simulation module, inversion prediction analysis module, and safety early warning module. The data interaction between the integrated platform and five monitoring subplatforms was realized by the B/S mode, and the related function interfaces were established. The research results show that as the monitoring data storage analysis and early warning carrier, the integrated monitoring and early warning platform not only presents key data such as comprehensive early warning information, evaluation indicators, and monitoring elements but also realizes the intelligent, automatic, and visual presentation of monitoring data. In addition, relying on the high-steep slope of the Hohhot-Bikeqi Highway (section: K528+215~K528+525), through the application of the high-steep slope monitoring and early warning subplatform system in the practical project, it is verified that the platform has a good monitoring and early warning effect, which provides a reliable platform guarantee for the health monitoring and safety operation of the project.

An Approach to a Novel Device Agnostic Model Illustrating the Relative Change in Physical Behavior Over Time to Support Behavioral Change

Today, there is a lack of useful visual presentations of data showing progress over long time periods for users of physical activity self-monitoring devices. The aim of this paper was to present a novel theoretical model that describes the relative change in physical behavior over time and to provide examples of model application with previously collected data. Physical behavior, which includes both sedentary behavior and physical activity, was categorized into four dimensions and further processed and adjusted to fit the novel model. The model was visualized both theoretically and by using example data for two out of 20 participants, illustrating the relative change compared to baseline and trendlines for all dimensions. This approach to a novel device agnostic model can visualize the data over time and is intended to be used on an individual basis by users that need support for physical behavioral change. The model, which is based on earlier research, has flexibility and was developed to be used as a complement for data processing, to future and currently available self-monitoring devices within this arena. In the future, the novel model should be studied to see if it is valid, tested with larger samples over longer study periods, and tested for use with other self-monitoring devices to ensure its usefulness and trustworthiness.