Abstract
Today, there is a lack of useful visual presentations of data showing progress over long time periods for users of physical activity self-monitoring devices. The aim of this paper was to present a novel theoretical model that describes the relative change in physical behavior over time and to provide examples of model application with previously collected data. Physical behavior, which includes both sedentary behavior and physical activity, was categorized into four dimensions and further processed and adjusted to fit the novel model. The model was visualized both theoretically and by using example data for two out of 20 participants, illustrating the relative change compared to baseline and trendlines for all dimensions. This approach to a novel device agnostic model can visualize the data over time and is intended to be used on an individual basis by users that need support for physical behavioral change. The model, which is based on earlier research, has flexibility and was developed to be used as a complement for data processing, to future and currently available self-monitoring devices within this arena. In the future, the novel model should be studied to see if it is valid, tested with larger samples over longer study periods, and tested for use with other self-monitoring devices to ensure its usefulness and trustworthiness.
Highlights
The World Health Organization’s (WHO) goal is to decrease the number of physically inactive adults by 15% by 2030 (WHO, 2018), which in practice means increasing their level of physical activity (PA) to meet the recommendations
The theoretical model was developed as follows: the parameters used to categorize the data from App&Move (Table 1) were further processed according to the PA dimensions presented by Strath et al (2013) and further modified
To illustrate and describe the change in physical behavior (PB) over time, these PA dimensions were adopted for both sedentary behavior (SB) and PA
Summary
The World Health Organization’s (WHO) goal is to decrease the number of physically inactive adults by 15% by 2030 (WHO, 2018), which in practice means increasing their level of physical activity (PA) to meet the recommendations. The recommendation for adults today consists of either 150–300 min of moderate PA, 75–150 min of vigorous PA, or a combination of these two intensities (MVPA) each week, and muscle strengthening activity at least twice a week (WHO, 2020). 1 3 to perform or how much sedentary time is harmful to health. A study by Heron and colleagues (2019) defined sedentary behavior (SB) as spending at least 6 h of waking time sedentary. It is recommended that all adults decrease the time spent in SB (Colberg et al, 2016; WHO, 2020) and that sedentary time can be replaced by PA of any intensity (WHO, 2020). PA is referred to as a complex behavior (Peete Gabriel et al, 2012) and can be defined as any bodily activity produced by the muscles that generates energy expenditure (Caspersen et al, 1985). A wider perspective, the concept of physical behavior (PB), includes both PA and SB that humans perform in their everyday life (Bussman & van der Berg-Emons, 2013)
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