Visitor Motivations Research Articles

Local stakeholders’ perspectives on religious heritage and tourism development in Varanasi

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the perspectives of local stakeholders on the role of religious tourism and the development process that alter the sacred space and religious heritage of Varanasi. Specific objectives include study local stakeholders' view on the motivation of visitors, the image of the city they carry home, role of infrastructure development altering sacredness of the city, major issues pertaining to conservation of the city's religious heritage and whether tourism dominates the sacred space of the city.Design/methodology/approachThe present study follows the philosophical approach of constructionism and is an inductive study based on the ontological features of realism. The study is conducted using qualitative research design. Participants were purposely selected from different groups to provide representative data. through in-depth interviews with a set of 22 open-ended questions.FindingsThe study acknowledged the spatial changes happening in an old city over time. The portrayed image of Varanasi remains deeply rooted in the minds of pilgrims, whereas the tourist perspective often goes beyond the texts as an experience. The reflection of local stakeholders in the transformation of sacred space to tourist experiencescape as a consumable experience, which is influenced by market-driven forces is a major finding of the study.Research limitations/implicationsDifficulties in finalising the respondents and building up the theoretical base, which is one of the main limitations of the study. During the process of data collection, the respondents mainly focussed upon the impacts of tourism on Varanasi, and the researchers made every effort to extract qualitative information on the current research. At times, some respondents hesitated to share their view on political influences in the development process, which restricted the authors to obtain righteous information, that could have contributed a better understanding of the deep-rooted issues of religious heritage conservation. Another limitation is that the perspectives of visitors have not been included in this research.Practical implicationsThe study will contribute to the theoretical areas of tourism development in historic and sacred cities. As an interdisciplinary area, the selected theme of the study delves in to landscape planning, heritage preservation, tourism development in historic cities and more importantly how residents understand the changes happening in a scared environment. The present research opens opportunities for further researches such as social pressures and tourism development, urban morphology and its transformation in ancient cities and so on.Social implicationsVaranasi is an ancient city in India, which is also the heartland of Hinduism. The study reveals the understanding of respondents on religious traditions, sentiments and the social values attached to a place. At the same time, it also highlights the role of tourism in generating an intercultural dialogue with local cultures, appreciating the sacred value of sites associated with religious sentiments.Originality/valueThe study addresses the role of tourism in altering the landscape of ancient city of Varanasi. The original view of respondents has been used in the article to maintain originality. There are several researches conducted on Varanasi, but the present study is conducted in a systematic way to gather the real understanding of local people. The study acknowledges the changes happening in the city along the course of time.

CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR MILLENIALS TOURIST VISIT MOTIVATION IN BOROBUDUR

This paper aims to explore Millennial tourists' visit motivation to Borobudur and surrounding areas. The approach used is by analyzing 20 papers related to tourist motivation to visit, making synthesis from the collected papers, and producing critical views for each related paper. The objective of this paper is to find the conceptual model for Millennials' tourist visit motivation, especially in Borobudur and surrounding areas. This paper found that tourist visit motivation is about tourists' perceived quality and tourist's perceived value. The perceived quality is from the quality of tourist services and destination appearance, and the emotional experience that tourists expect to get in the destination. The perceived cost from the monetary and non-monetary cost they spend to visit the destination. This perceived quality and cost will greatly influence tourist's behavioral intentions that cause tourists to make a visit or even revisit intention. The limitation of this research is that this research only studies millennials’ tourist visit motivation. In the future, the qualitative research process can be conducted in Borobudur and surrounding areas to testify and improve the conceptual model found in this paper.

Segmentation of food market visitors in World Heritage Sites. Case study of the city of Córdoba (Spain)

ABSTRACT This paper aims to contribute to the scientific literature in the field of hospitality regarding the relationship between gastronomy and tourism through the experience described by tourists who visit a food market, specifically the ´Los Patios de la Marquesá food market in Córdoba (Spain), a registered World Heritage Site. The methodology used in this research was based on a survey sample of tourists that visited the food market. The results show evidence of the different segments of tourists in relation to their attitude towards local gastronomy (known as survivors, enjoyers, and experiencers). In addition, it is concluded that there are significant differences in the culinary motivations of visitors regarding the local gastronomy of a destination.

Investigating the relationship between visitor location and motivations to attend a museum

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the role of visitor location and other related contributing factors in determining motivation to attend the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery in the regional city of Launceston, Tasmania. It carries out an assessment of the literature on visitor motivation to attend museums and galleries, including visiting as a learning experience and as an environment for well-being. It also considers the role of visitor location in determining the factors behind the visit. Following our adoption of a visitor survey, this paper carries out a demographic visitor profile before considering our findings on geographical location, engagement with the museum and marketing engagement (including by visitor location). The study then carries out a series of independent t-tests with respect to visitor location, followed by ANOVA calculations with respect to the overall mean findings for different subgroups. Following this, confirmatory factor analyses determine item suitability, with four factors being identified. Following discussion of the findings and the drawing of conclusions, a series of recommendations for theory and practice are made, beginning with implications for QVMAG itself before broadening insight for other museums, galleries and cultural attractions more generally.

A Study on the Relationship and Influence Between Motivation and Satisfaction of Ecotourism Visitors Based on IOT

Background/Objectives: All modern activities have been developed to manage the system fused with IoT Internet of Things. Tourism industry is also developing into a fusion and complex. Currently, the Internet of things is the most active field of use, and the development plan of the Internet of things and ecotourism is being studied very little. ICT convergence industry in other fields is considered to be a field with high potential growth potential from remote systems. The purpose of this study is to empirically verify the relationship and influence between the motivation and satisfaction of eco-tourism tourists.Methods/Statistical analysis: In order to achieve the purpose of this study, literature research and empirical research were conducted in parallel. First, the concept and characteristics of ecotourism were examined based on IoT base through theses, journals, and other related materials, and theoretical considerations such as motivation, satisfaction, revisit intention and recommendation intention of tourist destinations were conducted. The reliability test was conducted to identify internal consistency using SPSS program, and factor analysis was conducted to verify validity.Findings: In order to investigate the relationship between the motivation and satisfaction of visitors to IOT ecotourism, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the motivation and satisfaction. First, based on the previous studies, the characteristics and mutual relations are conceptually redefined through theoretical review of ecotourism, tourism motivation, and tourism satisfaction. Second, the relationship between tourism characteristics, tourism motivation, tourism satisfaction, and revisit recommendation intention was empirically verified for tourists visiting IOT eco-tourism sites. Third, it is intended to provide useful Infor-mation for the development and management of ecological tourist destinations and the tourists who visit ecological tourist destinations in the future.Improvements/Applications: Despite the importance of IOT ecotourism, systematic research is insufficient. The reason is that the application of ecotourism is different from case to case, so it is difficult and it is applicable to various fields, so various approaches are possible. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the tourist's motives and tourist satisfaction, targeting various ecotourism resources of the Jindo Mystery Sea Road Festival.

Visitors’ motivations and behaviours at pilgrimage centres: push and pull perspectives

ABSTRACT Religious tourism is one of the fastest growing and changing sectors of the world tourism market because of, among other things, social-cultural changes in the 20th and 21st centuries (i.e. the development of transport and mass tourism, globalization, secularization, and commercialization). Pilgrimage centres are important destinations also for general heritage tourism. Despite their global importance and growing popularity, there is still a lack of the knowledge about the complexity, multidimensionality, and diversity of journeys to pilgrimage centres. Here, the results from a comprehensive empirical study on visitors’ motivations and behaviours to pilgrimage centres in Poland are presented for the first time, to provide insight into contemporary religious tourism. The diversity and dependence of the main motivations, additional motivations, behaviours, and socio-demographic research sample indicators were analyzed. The motivations and behaviours are varied and multi-faceted, and include mainly religious and tourist factors, but are also related to cultural heritage tourism, recreation, social/family life, and additional factors. A conceptual model is presented of the motivations of pilgrimage centre visitors based on the push-pull motivational framework, adapted to religious tourism, taking into account the importance of the religious element – as an innovative contribution – summarized the studies.

Thermal Tourism and Geoheritage: Examining Visitor Motivations and Perceptions

Kúpele Vyžne Ružbachy spa and San Giovanni spa are very well known spas located in Slovakia and in Italy. Both spas are surrounded by environmental and historical richness, including geological features that hold considerable potential for geotourism. In order to gauge the promotional value of these geological features, this study investigates: (a) The motivation of tourists for visiting the area, (b) the level of visitors’ interest and knowledge regarding the area’s geological features, (c) their assessment of the attractiveness and accessibility of these features, (d) their overall opinion about the area for geotourism, and (e) indications for utilizing these features to improve the landscape knowledge of the general public. The data were collected using on-site survey methods and examined by statistical analysis. Results of the survey show that the attraction of tourists to these areas is due not only to health and wellness benefits, but also to social aspects and the desire for exploring new places. It was found that the geological elements in both locations hold significant geotourism potential—and efforts to increase visitors’ awareness of their environmental and cultural significance could be decisive in capitalizing on the attraction of these unique sites. Improvement of the accessibility to the sites would be highly recommended as a way to increase tourism diversity.

Segmentation of Tourists that Visit the City of Popayán (Colombia) according to Their Interest in Its Gastronomy

ABSTRACT Gastronomy and its relationship with tourism has become a key aspect in the analysis of tourist destinations. One of the aims of this research is to show evidence of the presence of tourists with different attitudes toward local gastronomy. For this purpose, a segmentation of the tourists who visit Popayán, a creative city of gastronomy (UNESCO), is conducted on the basis of the greater or lesser gastronomic interest in the trips. Among the results of this research, the presence of significant differences in the culinary motivations of visitors toward the local gastronomy of the place visited stands out.

Internet Hospitals Help Prevent and Control the Epidemic of COVID-19 in China: Multicenter User Profiling Study.

BackgroundDuring the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), internet hospitals in China were engaged with epidemic prevention and control, offering epidemic-related online services and medical support to the public.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to explore the role of internet hospitals during the prevention and control of the COVID-19 outbreak in China.MethodsOnline epidemic-related consultations from multicenter internet hospitals in China during the COVID-19 epidemic were collected. The counselees were described and classified into seven type groups. Symptoms were recorded and compared with reported patients with COVID-19. Hypochondriacal suspicion and offline visit motivation were detected within each counselees’ group to evaluate the social panic of the epidemic along with the consequent medical-seeking behaviors. The counselees’ motivation and the doctors’ recommendation for an offline visit were compared. Risk factors affecting the counselees’ tendency of hypochondriacal suspicion and offline visit motivation were explored by logistic regression models. The epidemic prevention and control measures based on internet hospitals were listed, and the corresponding effects were discussed.ResultsA total of 4913 consultations were enrolled for analysis with the median age of the counselees at 28 years (IQR 22-33 years). There were 104 (2.12%) healthy counselees, 147 (2.99%) hypochondriacal counselees, 34 (0.69%) exposed counselees, 853 (17.36%) mildly suspicious counselees, 42 (0.85%) moderately suspicious counselees, 3550 (72.26%) highly suspicious counselees, and 183 (3.72%) severely suspicious counselees. A total of 94.20% (n=4628) of counselees had epidemic-related symptoms with a distribution similar to those of COVID-19. The hypochondriacal suspicion (n=2167, 44.11%) was common. The counselees’ motivation and the doctors’ recommendation for offline visits were inconsistent (P<.001) with a Cohen kappa score of 0.039, indicating improper medical-seeking behaviors. Adult counselees (odds ratio [OR]=1.816, P<.001) with epidemiological exposure (OR 7.568, P<.001), shortness of breath (OR 1.440, P=.001), diarrhea (OR 1.272, P=.04), and unrelated symptoms (OR 1.509, P<.001) were more likely to have hypochondriacal suspicion. Counselees with severe illnesses (OR 2.303, P<.001), fever (OR 1.660, P<.001), epidemiological exposure history (OR 1.440, P=.01), and hypochondriacal suspicion (OR 4.826, P<.001) were more likely to attempt an offline visit. Reattending counselees (OR 0.545, P=.002) were less motivated to go to the offline clinic.ConclusionsInternet hospitals can serve different types of epidemic counselees, offer essential medical supports to the public during the COVID-19 outbreak, reduce the social panic, promote social distancing, enhance the public’s ability of self-protection, correct improper medical-seeking behaviors, reduce the chance of nosocomial cross-infection, and facilitate epidemiological screening, thus, playing an important role on preventing and controlling COVID-19.

The Behavioral Pattern of Chinese Public Cultural Participation in Museums

Studying the cultural participation model of the public and its influencing factors is important for the sustainable development of regional culture. Therefore, in this study, we determined which factors influence the cultural participation of the Chinese public. Firstly, we extracted the key features of the motivation and timing for a museum visit with multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), and explored the relationship of the features of different motivations with the frequency and duration of the public’s visits to the museum. Secondly, we determined the monotonicity of the influence of ordinal variables on cultural participation behavior and identified the mechanism through which the independent variable influences public cultural participation with categorical regression (CATREG). Finally, we analyzed the research data from the museum audience survey in the Hubei Provincial Museum and a national public culture participation survey. We found that education, occupation, academic discipline, income, distance, age, and sex affect the public’s museum participation. This indicates that to guarantee the public’s cultural rights and promote sustainable development, education, planning, and other aspects must be coordinated in cultural management to increase public cultural participation, rather than removing the economic threshold for public cultural participation through public finances alone.

Analisis Motivasi Pengunjung Museum Macan Jakarta

MACAN Museum (Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art in Nusantara) has a wide collection of modern and contemporary Indonesian arts up to the first international scale in Indonesia, and is one of the tourist attractions in Jakarta that is preferred by various circles. The collection is packaged with the concept of art shows and exhibitions that can be enjoyed by every visitor. This research aims to analyze the motivation of visitors coming to the museum using quantitative descriptive methods. Unit of analysis is the visitors of MACAN museum, meanwhile the independent variable is the visitors’ motivation. Data was taken by giving questionnaire to 100 respondents, having observation, and doing structured interviews. The data were analyzed by excel and presented in the frequency table and pie chart. The results showed that of the four motivations, cultural motivation obtained the highest value as the most motivating factor for visitors with a value of 4.19, and the average total value of the four motivations is 3.84 which states that visitors are motivated to visit the MACAN museum. &#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: MACAN Museum, Visitor Motivation, MICE, Contemporary Art&#x0D;

Participation Motivation of Visitors of Local Food-Themed Gastronomy Festival

Participation Motivation of Visitors of Local Food-Themed Gastronomy Festival

PERSEPSI PENGUNJUNG TERHADAP WISATA ALAM DI CAMP GRANIT TAMAN NASIONAL BUKIT TIGAPULUH

Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park (TNBT) became a representative of lowland tropical rain forests on the island of Sumatra because it has high aesthetic value and an interesting diversity of flora and fauna, TNBT ecosystem has the potential to be developed as a natural tourist attraction. Camp Granit's nature tourism has interesting objects, both natural and artificial. The purpose of this research was to determine visitor perceptions and visitor's travel motives towards nature tourism at Camp Granit TNBT. The information were collected by field observations with an inventory of natural attractions, using a questionnaire technique. This research used quantitative descriptive methods. The results of this research showed that Camp Granit's nature tourism has a very attractive tourist environment, the level of comfort when traveling is classified as very comfortable and the level of tourist satisfaction is classified as very satisfied and on the travel motives of visitors to Camp Granit nature tourism TNBT with a recreational or vacation destination of 68.60%.

Customer Care in Medical Tourism Industry: Explaining the Relationship between Quality, Satisfaction, Trust and Logical Price

Background and Objectives : Despite the dramatic growth of medical tourism in recent years, there is little information about the role of quality, satisfaction and trust in explaining the international patients’ behavior after the purchase. The present study investigated these variables. Material and Methods : The purpose of this study was practical and it is a survey-analytic one. The statistical population of this study was all the patients outside the country (clients) of selected hospitals operating in the field of medical tourism in Mashhad and sampling was conducted as convenience. Data analysis was performed using bifurcated and multivariate regression and structural equation modeling in the SPSS and AMOS software. Based on the data gathered from 174 international patients, validity and reliability of the research were confirmed. Results: The results of the study showed that the quality of medical services and the quality of services, patient satisfaction, trust in staff and trust in the medical clinic had impact on the motivation for subsequent referrals of patients and the motivation for the next visit to the medical centers of medical care in Mashhad. Also, the logical price has a moderating role for thoese relationship. Conclusion: The role of tested variables, especially the reasonable price of health services, is important for the international referral of patients, and therefore requires the cooperation of all health care administrators, including nurses, doctors and managers to include these for the prosperity of the tourism industry and the development of the country.

Rave and hardstyle festival attendance motivations: a case study of Defqon.1 weekend festival

PurposeThis paper explores the factors motivating people to attend the Dutch hardstyle festival, Defqon.1. This paper delivers new insights to festival attendance by including social and cultural factors in the motivational dimensions and considering a niche electronic music festival.Design/methodology/approachThis research utilised qualitative methods to identify and gain detailed information about attendee's visitor motives. Eleven semi-structured in-depth interviews which focus on the influence of intangible features of visitor motivations were conducted.FindingsThe research result revealed an increased influence of social factors and decreased the effect of all other visitor motives. The subcultural ties amongst members of the hardstyle scene were identified as stronger than the ones of different electronic music scenes. The study concluded that social factors, such as friendships gain significant importance for stimulating return visits.Originality/valueContemporary music festivals, especially electronic events have not comprehensively been researched. Also, the effects of social and cultural factors on festival attendance have previously been neglected in research. Studies on popular electronic music genres, such as rave and hardcore, are from a sociological viewpoint. These studies revealed motivations of members of the subculture to be a part of the scene and to attend events.

A Study on the Motivation of Visit to Shared Space in Corporate Office through Text Manning

(연구배경 및 목적) 오늘날 정보 전달 방식에서의 변화는 현대공간의 형태에도 영향을 주어 기업 사옥 내에도 대중 중심의 공유 공간을 제공하여 만남의 장소로 활용되고 있다. 기업 사옥과 관련된 선행연구를 살펴보면 사옥의 로비부터 저층부에 대한 다양한 연구가 이루어진 것을 확인할 수 있다. 그러므로 기업이 현재 대중과의 커뮤니케이션을 위한 장소로 사옥을 활용함에 있어서 방문 동기를 파악하는 것은 대중의 행동을 이해하고 예측하는데 중요한 출발점이 된다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 텍스트마이닝을 기법을 통하여 기업 사옥 공유 공간에 대중의 방문 동기 키워드를 도출함으로써 기업 이미지 형성에 미치는 영향을 연구하려고 한다. (연구방법) 연구 범위는 일반인에게 개방한 기업 사옥의 내?외부 공유 공간을 분석의 대상으로 하였으며, 분석 기업 선정은 텍스톰을 활용하여 수집된 키워드의 상위 두 기업인 아모레퍼시픽과 네이버를 선정하여 소비자 반응을 분석하였다. 연구 방법은 첫째, 선행연구와 문헌자료를 통해 기업 이미지, 기업 사옥 공간, 방문 동기 및 만족에 대해 이론적으로 고찰한다. 둘째, 소셜 네트워크 중심의 텍스트마이닝을 통하여 대중의 반응을 조사하고 분석한다. 셋째, 분석을 토대로 결과를 도출하여 대중의 방문 동기를 파악한다. (결과) 첫째, 아모레퍼시픽의 “건물”과 네이버의 “도서관”키워드는 목적지 결정의 핵심 요소로 대중들이 현재 생각하는 각 기업의 매력?관심 키워드로 유추할 수 있다. 둘째, 두 기업 모두 약속과 만남의 장소로서 사옥을 방문하는 것으로 유추할 수 있다. 셋째, “카페”와 “맛집”키워드를 통해 목적지에서 식음료 공간을 이용하는 것을 유추할 수 있다. 반면 네이버의 경우 사옥 내 대중이 이용할 수 있는 식당이 없음에도 맛집 키워드가 도출된 것으로 보아 고객의 니즈로 파악되며 이는 대중의 기대치와 욕구 충족이 맞지 않게 될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 넷째, 두 기업 모두 “무료” 키워드가 도출되었으며 무료로 제공하는 콘텐츠를 통해 고객 만족에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 것으로 보이며, “후기”, “추천”, “공유” 키워드를 통해 직접적인 경험과 방문 후기가 잠재적 소비자의 기업 이미지 형성에 유의한 영향을 미칠 것으로 보인다. (결론) 대중들은 기업의 사적인 공간을 문화와 휴식의 공간으로 인식하고 있었으며, 감성이 중시되고 있는 현 시점에 공간이 기업이미지 향상에 효과적인 수단이 되고 있는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 즉 기업은 사옥의 공유 공간을 개방하면서 Pull factor 요인인 목적지의 매력을 강조하고 Push factor 요인의 내부?감정적 측면인 고객의 기대치를 맞추는 노력을 함으로써 소비자의 기업 이미지 형성에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있는 것을 볼 수 있다. 또한 방문객의 만족, 재방문, 긍정적 기업 이미지 형성을 위해 방문객 동기를 파악하여 지속적인 개선이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Visit Motivation of Tourists in Church Buildings: Amending the Phelan-Bauer-Lewalter Scale for Visit Motivation by a Religious Dimension

ABSTRACTPeople often visit churches for touristic reasons. Studies indicate that these tourists share both secular motives and religious ones. An instrument to assess these motives, however, still is not available. This paper addresses that desideratum by amending the Phelan-Bauer-Lewalter-Scale for Visit Motivation (PBLS-VM) by (a) engaging with religious practice inside the church, (b) feeling the presence of God, and (c) experiencing subjective-life spirituality. Tourists in nine major cathedrals across Germany completed the amended PBLS-VM (N = 771; age: M = 46, SD = 18.04; 58% females). Leaving out the sub-scale social enjoyment, the amended PBLS-VMR shows a very moderate model-fit (RMSEA = .067, CFI = .93, SRME = .052). The observed mean differences in the sub-scales are plausible. In consequence, the amended PBLS-VMR represents a step further in the assessment of tourists’ motivation in visiting church buildings. Research using this measurement tool contributes to a better understanding of the cultural relevance of Christian heritage in modern societies.

Ibiza Dances to the Rhythm of Pedals: The Motivations of Mountain Biking Tourists Competing in Sporting Events

Renowned worldwide for its nightlife, Ibiza has been diversifying its portfolio of tourism products by actively committing to sports tourism. The primary objective of this study is to explore the profile of the mountain bikers participating in the 2016 IBIZA BTT, a medium-sized international sporting event, taking place in the Balearic Islands, Spain. The study addresses the analysis of visitor motivations. A sample of participants (n = 499) was segmented using cluster analysis to explore the differences between segments in terms of sociodemographic and behavioral variables. A factor analysis revealed four motivational dimensions: physiological-sensory, utilitarian purposes, hedonic and previous experience. The average values indicated that route signage, good weather, and the cost of the trip were the main motivations. The cluster analysis resulted in three groups of cyclists: multipurpose seekers, utility-prestige and sensory seekers. In order to refine the group profiles, they were crossed with socio-economic and behavioral variables.

PENGARUH BRAND IMAGE TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN MINAT WISATAWAN DOMESTIK BERKUNJUNG KE SANUR VILLAGE FESTIVAL

Sanur Village Festival is an event established by the Yayasan Pembangunan Sanur which combines large-scale activities consisting of food festivals, a series of contests, competitions, cultural arts attractions, music, and a variety of friendly activities environment. Samples of this study were domestic tourists who have visited the Sanur Village Festival. The sampling technique used purposive sampling in 160 respondents. Data collection techniques are performed with observations, questionnaires, interviews, literature studies, and documentation. The sampling technique uses the purposive sampling technique and utilizes a likert scale model questionnaire that is calibrated using the validity test and the reliability test is calculated using the Cronbach alpha coefficient using the SPSS 25.0. The data analysis techniques in this study used partial least square analysis techniques (PLS), and the equation model will analyzed is the outer model, inner model and hypotheses testing. Based on the software calculation smartPLS version 3.0 obtained the result that there is a significant influence between the variable brand image to the motivation and interest of domestic tourists visit to Sanur Village Festival. This is evidenced by the results of the analysis of the influence of the brand image to the motivation obtained value of 41.9%, while the interest earned a value of 40.5%. Furthermore, the influence of motivation to interest can be seen from the results of the analysis of Partial Least Square obtained T-Statistic of 1.766 &gt; T-table 1.654, this means the motivation variable positively affect the interest of domestic tourists visiting Sanur Village Festival.

An assessment of factors influencing bear viewing experiences on the Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge: implications for management

ABSTRACTThe Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska called for an assessment of visitor experiences at the Frazer bear viewing area. A two-phase visitor survey in 2016 reached ≥74% of total Frazer bear viewers, achieving a 91% response rate (n = 506) for the intercept portion and a 43% response rate (n = 219) for the online portion. Analysis revealed that the number of bears and fish ladder structures were associated with high overall trip satisfaction. Negative perceptions of artificial structures were associated with specific prior bear viewing experiences, but were not associated with the motivation of seeking a wilderness experience. Since 93% of respondents were satisfied or highly satisfied, understanding individual factors associated with satisfaction has greater utility than assessing overall satisfaction. Managers often intend for viewing to produce broader benefits for bears through visitor education efforts. Efforts could benefit from understanding the role of specific visitor motivations and expectations.