Viscose Rayon Fabrics Research Articles

Eco-Friendly Dyeing of Viscose Rayon Fabrics Using Anthocyanin from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the feasibility of dyeing viscose rayon fabric with an anthocyanin solution extracted from H. sabdariffa L. calyces. For eco-friendly dyeing and improvement of the natural dye’s affinity to fabrics, natural mordants instead of traditional metallic mordants were applied. The effect of natural mordant types and mordanting procedures (pre-, meta- and after-mordanting) was evaluated by colorimetric measurement (CIE Lab and K/S values) and color fastness. Four natural mordants including alginate, walnut hull, lemon peel, and pinecone were used. The results show that the light and wash fastness (1–2 degrees according to the blue scale and the grayscale) of the un-mordanted viscose fabric were very low and unsuitable. Natural mordants, especially walnut husk and alginate, could improve color strength and color fastness. The light fastness value of the dyed fabric was improved, reaching a value of 5–6 in the presence of walnut, lemon, and pinecone mordants. The highest wash and light fastness was obtained when the after-mordanting method was used. Also, the use of walnut husk mordant increased the color strength and decreased the lightness of the dyed fabrics, as compared to other natural mordants, in all three methods of mordanting.

Development of Antimicrobial Wound Dressing Bandage using Chromolaena Odorata Leaf Extract

A bandage is a standard of biomaterial used on wounds to protect from infections and to cure wounds. The adhesive bandage also known as sticking plaster protects the wound from friction, bacteria, damage, and dirt. In this study, the leaf extracts of plant (Chromolaena odorata) coated on textiles are being used as a potential drug to promote wound healing. The phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic plant leaf extracts was carried out. The leaf extracts were coated on non-woven viscose rayon fabric using Pad-dry cure method. The physical and biological parameters of the coated fabric were analyzed to determine the process of wound healing. The parameters of pH and absorbency were evaluated using the standard protocols obtained from medical textiles. The antimicrobial efficiency (standard protocol AATCC 100), cytotoxicity (MTT assay) and in vitro scratch wound assay using cell lines was studied. The results showed that developed herbal coated bio-bandage featured all the characteristics for ideal dressing. Therefore, it can be promoted as novel bio-bandage for the healing of wounds.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Kain Terbaik Di Toko Crown Textile & Tailor Dengan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW)

The retail business continues to grow rapidly along with the development of science and technology in the era of globalization, but the purchase of fabric is still done manually and not computerized, such as in choosing fabrics, only looking at the shape of the color and the price tag, if it is suitable and likes it is taken immediately without thinking what type of fabric to use. used for these clothes, when they have been made into clothes or clothes, do not match the criteria desired by consumers and many ready-made clothes are returned because the color becomes dull or faded, and does not match the desired motif. The problem in this study is to determine the selection of the best fabric using SPK with the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method in selecting the best fabric at Crown Textile Tailor built using PHP MyAdamin programming. The decision support system method used is Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), because it can determine the weight value for each attribute, through a ranking process selecting the best alternative from a number of alternative data, the results obtained are Viscose Rayon Fabrics worth 0.933, (Rank 1), Brukat Lace Fabrics are worth 0 .9 (Rank 2), Toyobo Cotton Fabric is worth 0.716 (Rank 3), Japanese Cotton Fabric is worth 0.700 (Rank 4).

Sustainable dyeing and printing with natural colours vis-à-vis preparation of hygienic viscose rayon fabric

The use of natural colorants will offer no effluent problem and will provide a natural finish to textiles treated with these materials. However natural dyes are known to have limitations like lower dyeing efficiency, process complexity, availability etc. In this work viscose rayon fabrics were coloured with commercially available natural dyes namely, madder, harde and turmeric with the help of metallic salts. Exhaust dyeing is the most common method to carry out dyeing of goods. In spite of that the main problem with conventional exhaust method especially when using natural dyes is low exhaustion. In this study an attempt has been made to overcome this drawback along with minimizing wastage of natural colorants, when dyeing with natural dyes on viscose rayon fabric by using two different padding techniques namely pad-dry-steam and cold-pad-batch; giving encouraging results. Cold-pad-batch technique performed better in terms of shades observed visually, which could not be attained by pad-dry-steam methods. Later on printing was done using the same set of natural dyes on the dyed viscose rayon fabrics with a variety of shades; resulting in moderate to good light fastness and good to very good washing fastness. Finally, bromophenol blue test revealed that these dyed samples developed good microbial resistance too.

Medical textiles based on viscose rayon fabrics coated with chitosan-encapsulated iodine: antibacterial and antioxidant properties

Adsorption of chitosan nanoparticles with embedded iodine was implemented onto pristine and oxidized cellulose viscose fabrics in order to introduce antimicrobial and antioxidative functionalization. The adsorption capacity, charging behavior and electrokinetic response of differently functionalized viscose at different pH values were analyzed by determining their zeta potential. Desorption studies, besides zeta potential measurements, were supported by polyelectrolyte titration. Finally, the antimicrobial properties were evaluated by the standard ASTM E2149 method, whilst antioxidative properties were determined by 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation decolorization assay. It was found that the oxidation of viscose fabrics further modified by chitosan–iodine nanoparticles dispersion was a very promising functionalization process, providing good coating stability along with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

Radiation Induced Grafting of Viscose Rayon Fabrics with Some Acrylic Acid Derivatives and Styrene

Radiation induced grafting of viscose rayon fabrics, consisting mainly of cellulose fibers, with some acrylic acid derivatives, namely methyl acrylate, acrylamide and acrylonitrile, and also styrene, has been studied. The resultant graft yields have been determined as a function of the applied different experimental parameters. The impact of the graft yields on the physicochemical properties of viscose rayon fabrics such as swelling, moisture absorption, tensile strength, elongation at break, crease recovery angle and also dyeing ability of the grafted fabrics, has been also studied.

Radiation Induced Grafting of Acrylic Acid onto Viscose Rayon Fabrics and Its After-Effects

Radiation induced grafting of various polymers with different monomers proved to be an attractive means to modify the physical or chemical properties of polymeric materials or textile fabrics. In the present work, radiation induced grafting of viscose rayon fabrics, consisting mainly of cellulose fibers, with acrylic acid monomer has been carried out. The grafting yields have been thoroughly studied as a function of different applied experimental parameters. The impact of the graft yield on the physical properties of the fabrics such as tensile strength, elongation, swelling, moisture absorption, crease recovery angle and also the dyeing properties of the fabrics has been studied. The effect of increasing the contact time of the fabric and monomer solution, at room temperature, after stopping irradiation has been studied in detail as well as the effect of temperature on the irradiated samples also after stopping irradiation. The best grafting yield was obtained on irradiating viscose rayon fabric in methanol-water solvent containing acrylic acid monomer, at a dose 20 kGys, then heating for 7 hours at 80℃ and finally keeping the samples at room temperature for about 20 hours. That treatment significantly increased the final graft yield.

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This study attempted to focus on the performance evaluation of 100% viscose rayon fabric in terms of strength, whiteness and hydrophilicity or absorbency after scouring and bleaching with two different alkalis such as NaOH and Na2CO3. This work was carried out with 100% viscose rayon knitted fabrics. A single stage scouring and bleaching process of the fabric was adopted using NaOH and Na2CO3 with varying concentrations and at the same processing conditions. The result obtained in this study indicated a great loss in strength with NaOH as compared to that with Na2CO3. Both the alkalis were found to be more or less equally efficient in terms of improved absorbency and whiteness.

Study on effect of chemical impregnation on the surface and porous characteristics of activated carbon fabric prepared from viscose rayon

In this study, synthetic viscose rayon fabric has been used for preparing activated carbon fabric (ACF), impregnated with different concentrations of <TEX>$H_3PO_4$</TEX>. The effect of <TEX>$H_3PO_4$</TEX> impregnation on the weight yield, surface area, pore volume, chemical composition and morphology of ACF were studied. Experimental results revealed that both Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and micropore volume increased with increasing <TEX>$H_3PO_4$</TEX> concentration; however, the weight yield and microporosity (%) decreased. It was observed that samples impregnated at <TEX>$70^{\circ}C$</TEX> (AC-70) give higher yield and higher microporosity as compared to <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX> (AC-30). The average pore size of the ACF also gradually increases from 18.2 to 19 and 16.7 to <TEX>$20.4{\AA}$</TEX> for <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX> and <TEX>$70^{\circ}C$</TEX>, respectively. The pore size distribution of ACF was also studied. It is also concluded that the final ACF strength is dependent on the concentration of impregnant.

Comparison between antibacterial activity of some natural dyes and silver nanoparticles

Curcuma longa rhizome (turmeric), walnut, and henna are medicinal plants which are traditionally used for fiber colorations. In this study, the viscose rayon fabrics were dyed with different mordant at a variety of conditions. The dyed fabric and treated fabric with Ag nanoparticles were evaluated for antibacterial activity against pathogenic strain of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Durability of antibacterial activity to laundering was also investigated. The results indicated that treated fabrics with these natural dyes had excellent antibacterial activity as well as Ag nanoparticles before and after wash.

A comparative study of regenerated bamboo, cotton and viscose rayon fabrics. Part 2: antimicrobial properties

Since regenerated bamboo fibres (also referred to as bamboo viscose) became commercially available in 2006, consumers have been bombarded with contradictory information regarding products made of these fibres, their potential end-uses and their properties. On the one hand, manufacturers and marketers make broad claims about the antimicrobial and environmentally friendly characteristics of products made of regenerated bamboo, while, on the other hand, there is an outcry from consumer watchdogs that many of these claims are false and have not been properly proven. Very little information is available about the validation of these properties through scientific research studies. It is also evident that information about natural bamboo and regenerated bamboo fibre products is often confusing. Regenerated bamboo (also referred to as bamboo viscose or bamboo rayon) is manufactured from natural bamboo fibres in a regeneration process by which bamboo pulp is refined from the stems of the bamboo plant in a process similar to that used to manufacture viscose rayon fibres. The severity of this process has led to scepticism as to whether the antimicrobial properties of the bamboo kun remain unchanged in regenerated bamboo fibres. The question has been raised as to whether residual chemicals on the spun fibres could be the cause of antimicrobial properties. The main objective of this study was to investigate the claim that regenerated bamboo fibres have inherent antimicrobial properties as a result of the bamboo kun present in the raw material from which the fibres are regenerated. For this purpose, the antimicrobial properties of regenerated bamboo fabric were compared to those of viscose rayon and cotton fabrics. The results confirmed that cotton fabric (used as a control) exhibited no antimicrobial activity. However, the antimicrobial effect of the regenerated bamboo and viscose rayon samples was significantly higher than that of the cotton sample, for both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. The claims made concerning the bacteriostatic or antimicrobial properties of regenerated bamboo could thus not be proven as false. Statistically, the regenerated bamboo fabrics did not perform better than the viscose rayon fabrics in our tests and did not kill all the bacteria in the solution. No evidence was found that regenerated bamboo fibre fabrics are superior to other regenerated cellulose fibres such as viscose rayon, nor that the antimicrobial properties of natural bamboo remain unchanged in regenerated bamboo fibres.

Expanding the Utility of the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) process bleaching

The Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture conducts research on agricultural products and co-products where wool is a co-product of the American lamb industry. The ARS process, an alternative to conventional peroxide for bleaching and chlorination for shrinkproofing wool, was applied to bleach and control the dimensions of wool, wool/cotton, cotton, and viscose rayon fabrics. Conventional processes for bleaching and shrinkage control have limited economy due to high temperatures and long exposures, and their ecological acceptance is marginal. The ARS process is chemo-enzymatic with bleaching followed by biopolishing with shrinkproofing, both steps being applied at near-room-temperature conditions for 30—40 minutes to reach high levels of whiteness, softness, and dimensional stability. The novelty of the process involves the in situ formation of a hyper-peroxide bleach to achieve high whiteness with subsequent enzyme processing from a fresh bath to selectively treat only the surface scales of wool without damage to the inner cortex of the fiber. The Whiteness Index (WI) of wool and wool/cotton improved 63%—72% after bleaching alone and another ~2% increase after enzyme treatment; area shrinkage was less than 2%. The WI of cotton print cloth improved 60.5% by ARS bleaching compared to 64% by conventional bleaching. The process limited shrinkage of cotton knit to 4% and to less than 2% for cotton and viscose woven fabrics. The mechanical properties of all treated fabrics were retained. In a separate study, the process was applied at high concentration to convert wool jersey into parchmentized jersey with permanent stiffness and 45.5% increase in sheerness, as determined digital image analysis. ARS novel bleaching is a sustainable, facile, effective process for low-temperature bleaching with low energy consumption and low environmental impact. Wool jersey with sheerness, stiffness, and strength retention can be fabricated by treatment with highly concentrated ARS hyper-peroxide bleach.

A comparative study of regenerated bamboo, cotton and viscose rayon fabrics. Part 1: selected comfort properties

Regenerated bamboo, also known as bamboo viscose, is a man-made cellulose fibre that has recently appeared on the market as an apparel and home-furnishing textile. The products are marketed as having exceptional properties such as superior comfort and hand, as well as antimicrobial properties. Apart from the claimed “cool feeling”, the comfort properties referred to in the promotion of bamboo viscose fabrics can generally be ascribed to most cellulose fibres or fabrics. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the moisture management and thermo-physiological properties of regenerated bamboo fabrics differ significantly from those of cotton and viscose rayon fabrics. A knitted regenerated bamboo fabric was compared to cotton and viscose rayon fabrics of comparable construction by using the results of objective measurements. Test apparatus used included the WALTERTM sweating manikin to measure thermal resistance, water vapour permeability, water absorbency and the moisture permeability index, the ALAMBETA instrument to measure thermal resistance and absorption and the PERMETEST instrument to measure water vapour permeability. To compare the structure of the regenerated bamboo fibre with that of cotton and viscose rayon fibres, the longitudinal character and cross-section of fibres were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results confirmed that regenerated bamboo fibre fabrics have excellent moisture and temperature management properties. Contrary to the expectations created, however, no empirical evidence was found in this study, when properties pertaining to comfort were compared, to confirm that regenerated bamboo fibre fabrics are superior to those made of cotton and viscose rayon.

Hidrolisa Enzymatik pada Serat Selulosa

Sellulose material such as cotton, linen, ramie and viscose rayon fabrics along with a cotton/linen blend were hydrolyzed with cellulase from trichoderma viride. Surface fibrils were eliminated by 6 hour treatment in all cases. The loss of fibrillar matter appeared to be the primary cause of weight loss at this stage. On prolonged treatment, cotton, lines, and viscose rayon lost weight at a faster rate than ramie and the cotton/linen blend. The fall in yarn strength was progressive with increasing weight loss for cotton and viscose, while for linen and ramie it was slight initially and then increased sharply. Retention of strength after 46 hours incubation time increased in the order ramieKeywords: sellulole material, cotton, linen, ramie, viscose rayon

Studies on changes in morphology during carbonization and activation of pretreated viscose rayon fabrics

Structural development during the carbonization and activation of pretreated viscose rayon fabrics in a carbon dioxide atmosphere at temperatures upto 900°C were followed using wide angle X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Porosity developments were also studied simultaneously. It is shown by X-ray results that the formation of turbostratic structure takes place at high temperature treatments (HTTS) of 900°C, which also coincides with the development of measurable porosity. Higher concentrations of inorganic chemicals in viscose rayon precursors are shown to affect the carbonization yield and porosity as well as the structure development. SEM results show that overactivation results in disintegration of the fabric structure.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cotton, Linen, Ramie, and Viscose Rayon Fabrics

Cotton, linen, ramie, and viscose rayon fabrics along with a cotton / linen blend were hydrolyzed with cellulase from Trichoderma viride. Surface fibrils were eliminated by a 6 hour treatment in all cases. The loss of fibrillar matter appeared to be the primary cause of weight loss at this stage. On prolonged treatment, cotton, linen, and viscose rayon lost weight at a faster rate than ramie and the cotton / linen blend. The fall in yam strength was progressive with increasing weight loss for cotton and viscose, while for linen and ramie it was slight initially and then increased sharply. Retention of strength after 48 hours' incubation time increased in the order viscose rayon &lt;&lt; cotton &lt; ramie &lt; linen, whereas weight loss increased in the order ramie &lt; linen &lt; cotton &lt; viscose rayon. X-ray crystallinity and moisture sorption of the samples did not change after the treatment, indicating that the mechanism of endwise attack of the cellulase at accessiblc cellulose chains on crystallite surfaces appeared to apply to all four fibers. The location of enzymatic attack could be monitored with a light microscope using Congo red staining in the case of cotton and linen, but not ramie or rayon. Changes in surface morphology could be followed for all the enzyme-treated fibers by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, mechanical tests demonstrated the changes in stretchability and stiffness of the fabrics and the mobility of yams within the samples.

Flame Retardancy and Free Formaldehyde Content of Fabrics Finished with Pyrovatex CP

Viscose rayon fabrics were finished with phosphorus-containing flame retarder (Pyrovatex CP) having methylol groups, with or without melamine form aldehyde resin as co-agent. Content of finishing agents, phosphorus content, oxygen index, and free formaldehyde content were measured. Much free formaldehyde was detected in finished fabrics when treated without soaping. No free formaldehyde and sufficient flame retardancy could be obtained only by such treatment as carried out in highly concentrated solution of pure flame retarder followed by sufficient soaping.

Some Properties of Viscose Rayon Fabrics Treated with Tetrakishydroxy Phosphonium Chloride (THPC) Resins

Data are reported on the moisture regain, water of imbibition, tear strength, elastic properties, and flame resistance of chemically modified viscose rayon fabrics. The data reveal that THPC behaves as if it were a derivative of formaldehyde. Under moderate curing conditions, substitution of hydroyxy groups in cellulose occurs, but when curing conditions are more severe, cross-linking takes place. Both triethanolamine and urea inhibit the reaction of THPC with cellulose and reduce acid degradation. Treatment of fabric with THPC-urea or THPC-melamine resins also leads to polymer deposition, especially at high curing temperatures. Both in the presence and absence of urea, when substantial quantities of triethanolamine are added, THPC decomposes, and the amount of phosphorus fixed is reduced. Triethanolamine appears to act in a complex manner; its effect is due not solely to its alkalinity. Only in the presence of urea does the fabric acquire flame resistance, although phosphorus is fixed even in the absence of urea. Fabric aminized with 2-amino ethyl sulfuric acid is on subsequent treatment with THPC, also flameproofed. Due to the presence of amino groups in the fabric, however, THPC reacts with fewer hydroxyl groups, and the losses in tear strength are less.

The Base-Catalyzed Condensation of Cellulosic Fabrics with Volatile Epoxides

The influence of temperature, time, and alkali concentration on the reaction of cellulose with volatile epoxides has been investigated. Cross-linking of cotton or viscose rayon fabrics with epichlorohydrin vapor produced a high degree of wet crease recovery and some improvement in dry crease recovery. A simple method involving an after-cure following the vapor treatment has been found to effect substantial improvement in dry crease recovery. Reaction of cellulosic fabrics with butadiene diepoxide vapor results in a marked increase in both wet and dry crease recover}-. In contrast to liquid phase treatments, the reaction of cellulose with epoxides in the vapor state occurs very rapidly at elevated temperatures and this technique may be readily adapted to continuous methods of processing. The effects of the vapor treatments on certain physical properties of the fabrics are recorded. In the light of these data the types of reactions involved and the products obtained are discussed.

The Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers in Cellulosic Fibers

A method has been devised for the rapid deposition of vinyl polymers within the fibers of cotton and viscose rayon fabrics. Polymerization is effected by means of a ceric ion-cellulose redox system. Two techniques of polymer deposition are described. A high order of rot and mildew resistance, comparable to that obtained by cyano ethylation, is achieved by polyacrylonitrile deposition. The deposition of polyacryloni trile, polyacrylamide, or polyniethyl acrylate results in no major improvement in the mechanical properties of the fabrics.