Vis Spectrophotometer Research Articles

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of shilajit and their anticancer activity against HeLa cells

In the present study, ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized using an aqueous extract of shilajit. The nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques such as UV (ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), XRD (X-ray diffraction), particle size analysis, SEM (scanning electron microscope) and EDAX (Energy-dispersive X-ray) analysis. The UV absorption peak at 422.40 nm was observed for ZnO nanoparticles. SEM analysis showed the shape of nanoparticles to be spherical, FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of zinc atoms, particle size analysis showed the nanoparticle size, EDAX confirmed the purity of ZnO nanoparticles whereas XRD pattern similar to that of JCPDS card for ZnO confirmed the presence of pure ZnO nanoparticles. The in vitro anticancer activity of ZnO nanoparticles against the HeLa cell line showed the IC50 value of 38.60 μg/mL compared to reference standard cisplatin. This finding confirms that ZnO nanoparticles from shilajit extract have potent cytotoxic effect on human cervical cancer cell lines.

Standardization and Evaluation of Triphala Juice and Quantification of Gallic Acid as a Biomarker by Analytical Techniques

Background:: Standardization of Triphala Juice was performed by using the WHO Guidelines. The Parameters included Preliminary Analysis, Phytochemical Identification, Heavy Metal Estimation, etc. A new simple, specific, precise and accurate UV Spectrophotometric, High-Performance Liquid Methods: Chromatography and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography method has been developed for the Estimation of Gallic Acid in pure form. The UV- Spectrophotometric method was developed using Schimadzu 1800 UV - Visible spec-trophotometer using methanol as a solvent. The method was shown to be linear, with a detection wavelength of 273 nm for Gallic Acid. The separation was achieved on the Schimadzu Prominence-I RP-HPLC and the column used was C18 column using mobile phase consisting of mixture of Methanol: 0.1% OPA (50:50). The detection was carried out at 280 nm with a flow rate of 0.7ml/min. The retention time for Gallic Acid was found 3.89 minutes. The calibration curve was found linear (r2 = 0.999) for RP- HPLC method. The HPTLC method was developed using Aetron Sprayline instrument, Methanol as solvent and mobile phase consisting of Toluene: Ethyl Acetate: Formic Acid: Methanol (3:3:0.9:0.2). The method was found linear and the wavelength of detection for Gallic Acid was 254nm, respectively. The percentage recoveries for both methods were found in the 98.0- 102.0% range. Results:: The methods were validated in accordance with International Conference on harmoniza-tion acceptance criteria for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and system suita-bility. The excipients did not interfere in the determination of Gallic acid in Triphala Juice. Conclusion:: The suggested approach was effectively implemented for the quantitative determina-tion of gallic acid in Triphala juice, which would aid in quality control

Rapid measurement of trace periodate concentration with bromide ion–catalyzed periodate for oxidation colorization of DPD

In the study, the Br−–DPD method for the determination of IO4− concentration was established. The method facilitated the DPD indicator reaction by adding Br− and DPD at pH 5.5 (50 mM phosphate buffer) to complete the measurement of the IO4− concentration. DPD+ could be detected by UV–visible spectrophotometer at 510 nm and 551 nm. The experimental results showed a strong linear relationship between the absorbance of DPD+ and the concentrations of IO4−. The slopes of the calibration standard curves for absorption wavelengths at 510 nm and 551 nm are 1.92 × 104 M−1 cm−1 (R2 > 0.999) and 2.06 × 104 M−1 cm−1 (R2 > 0.999). The stoichiometric coefficient of the Br−–DPD method for IO4− and DPD was 1:2, and pH in the range 3.0–7.0 had no significant different on the calibration curve of the Br−–DPD method. The absorbance in experimental water remained stable within 600 s. The Br−–DPD method accurately measured trace concentration of IO4− in ultrapure water at the range of 0.05 μM–10 μM. In addition, metal ions (Fe3+, Cu2+ and Co2+) and common anions (SO42−, NO3− and Cl−) showed little interference on the Br−–DPD method. The results suggested that the Br−–DPD method is a precise and versatile approach for measuring IO4− concentration.

Reaction Stability Test of Hexavalent Chromium Complex with 1,5-Diphenylcarbazide in Analysis using UV Visible Spectrophotometer

A reaction stability test of hexavalent chromium complex with 1,5-diphenyl carbazide in analysis using a UV Visible Spectrophotometer has been done in this study. This study aims to find out the colored complex stability for the reaction of chromium hexavalent and diphenyl carbazide in the analysis of hexavalent chromium using a UV Vis spectrophotometer in terms of time. The sample was measured in 540 nm of wavelength with 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180-minute time intervals. Each interval was carried out with two times replications. There were no significant differences in the colored complex until the 180-minute time interval, and the measurement of Cr(VI) concentration showed similar results. This analysis exhibits a level of precision and accuracy, evident from the RPD values below 10 % and the recovery values falling within the range of 90 – 110 %. It means that the reaction of hexavalent chromium complex with 1,5-diphenyl carbazide in analysis using a UV Visible Spectrophotometer is stable.

A Comparative study on the Removal of different dyes from aqueous medium using Zinc Ferrite Nanocomposite and Rice Husk Adsorbents

This research aimed to develop simple, inexpensive, and ecologically suitable adsorbents for removing dyes through adsorption. Thus, co-precipitation and in-situ polymerization techniques were utilised to produce polyaniline resulting in the synthesis of Zinc Ferrite Polyaniline Nanocomposite (ZF-PANI NC). Also, Rice Husk (RH) was also used as adsorbent. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments were carried out on ZF nanoparticles and ZF-PANI NC. The average grain size of ZF-PANI NC was 13 nm. When compared to RH that had been treated with sodium hydroxide (SHRH), RH seemed more crystalline. However, the crystalline nature of SHRH was slightly enhanced by the adsorptive Reactive Yellow (RY) dye, and the surface of SHRH appears uniform in the SEM images. Rhodamine B (RhB) dye adsorbance’s at known concentrations were measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer and a calibration curve. Percent removal of RhB dye by ZF-PANI NC over time (0–45 min) and in the presence of various adsorbent doses (0.1–0.5 g) revealed that the percentage of dye removal rose when ZF-PANI NC dose was increased. At room temperature (25 °C), RY dye adsorption on RH and SHRH revealed only 65 % in 40 min, whereas SHRH removed 99 %. ZF-PANI NC was suitable as a reliable and affordable adsorbent for dye remediation from aqueous solution. SHRH and RH both performed better in adsorbing RY dye. A pseudo-2nd order kinetic approach with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm provided the best fit for the results. The low value of ΔG° demonstrated the viability of RY adsorption. SHRH and ZF-PANI NC have high adsorption efficiency compared to RH and ZF.

Rapid identification of bacteria in water by multi-wavelength transmittance spectroscopy and the artificial neural network

Background: Multi-wavelength transmittance spectroscopy, in combination with the artificial neural network, has been a novel tool used to identify and classify microorganisms in recent years.Methods: In our work, the transmittance spectra in the region from 200 to 900 nm for four bacterial species of interest, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhi), were recorded using an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer. Considering too much redundant data on the full-wave band spectra, the characteristic wavelength variables were selected using the competitive adaptive reweighting sampling (CARS) algorithm. Spectra of the initial training set of these targeted microorganisms were used to create identification models representing the spectral variability of each species using four kinds of neural networks, namely, backpropagation (BP), radial basis function network (RBF), generalized regression neural network (GRNN), and probabilistic neural network (PNN).Results: The blinded isolate spectra of targeted species were identified using the four identification models given above. Compared to fullband modeling, after using CARS to screen the wavelength variables, four identification models are established for the 35 preferred characteristic wavelengths, and the prediction performance of the four models is notably improved. Among them, the CARS–PNN model is the best, and the identification rates of all targeted bacteria were achieved with 100% accuracy; the calculation time is just approximately 0.04 s.Discussion: The use of CARS can effectively remove useless information from the spectra, reduce model complexity, and enhance model prediction performance. Multi-wavelength transmission spectroscopy, combined with the CARS–PNN method, can provide a new method for the rapid detection of bacteria in water and could be readily extended for bacterial microbiological detection in blood and food.

Characteristics of novel cycloaliphatic epoxides based on UV-induced cationic ring-opening polymerization for plastic coatings

Cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP)-capable cycloaliphatic epoxide monomers bearing a benzyl ether group (CE-BEs) were developed as glass-replacement plastic coatings for lightweight automobiles. Three different monomers of bis(((7-oxabicyclo[4,1,0]heptan-3-yl)methoxy)methyl)benzene isomers were synthesized to provide the cycloaliphatic epoxide functional groups. 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analyses confirmed that the monomers were successfully synthesized. The shear viscosity and real-time crosslinking behavior of the CROP coatings were investigated using a rheometer. In particular, the release of thermal energy via CROP under UV irradiation was monitored using differential scanning photocalorimetry. The reaction conversion of cycloaliphatic epoxides by CROP before and after UV irradiation was verified using FT-IR spectroscopy. The transparency of the CROP coating films cured on a polycarbonate substrate was measured using an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer, and their adhesion was confirmed using cross-cut tests. For characterization of the surface mechanical properties, a nanoindentation tester and a nanoscratch tester were used in conjunction with an atomic force microscope to evaluate the surface hardness and scratch resistance, respectively. In addition, the thermomechanical properties of the cured CROP coating films were investigated using a rigid-body pendulum tester operated in dynamic physical mode. The ternary coating systems with CE-BEs were found to exhibit high photoreactivity, a dense crosslinking density, a transparent appearance, and enhanced adhesion and mechanical properties, making it suitable for glass-replacement plastic coatings.

Effect of rare earth doped perovskite on the structural, linear/nonlinear optical properties of the fabricated PVA/CMC polymeric blends for optical limiting applications

Poly (vinyl alcohol) and carboxy methyl cellulose, PVA/CMC doped with (1, 5,8) Wt% of Lanthanum Dysprosium aluminate (LaDyAlO3) nanoparticles were prepared via traditional solution casting method. The influence of the concentration of LaDyAlO3 nanoparticles on optical and spectroscopic properties was investigated. The molecular and the crystalline structure of PVA/CMC/LaDyAlO3 polymer nanocomposites were obtained through the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optical characteristics were investigated via UV–Visible spectrophotometer. For all samples, the absorption coefficient was determined. The direct and indirect allowed transitions have a multi graded bandgap structure. The thermal stability was investigated and the activation energy was determined which is found to be dependent on the concentration of LaDyAlO3 nanoparticles. Furthermore, the PVA/CMC/LaDyAlO3 (5 wt%) demonstrated excellent optical limiting threshold properties at low transmission value which is a favorable result for optoelectronic devices like optical limiters, long-lasting optical filters and photonic devices like organic/Polymer LEDs, Optical switches and perovskite solar cells. Also the Reverse saturable absorption is transformed to Saturable absorption for PVA/CMC/LaDyAlO3 (8 wt%) which makes it applicable for saturable absorbers and optical switches and many others etc.

Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Copper Nanoparticles from the Roots Extract of Piliostigma Reticulata Fabaceae

Nanotechnology is a fast-growing area in science which is an interdisciplinary field of both science and technology. In this study, the Roots extracts of Piliostigma reticulata were used for the green synthesis of Copper (Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) from copper Sulphate solution. Green synthesized metallic nanoparticles were characterized by UV– visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Using the Debye Scherrer formula, the average crystalline size of CuNPs was calculated as 51.0nm respectively. The UV–Vis spectroscopy results showed Surface Plasmon Resonance peaks at 500nm respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was measured to identify the possible functional group of the biomolecules in the extract that act as reducing and capping agents of the nanoparticles. SEM analysis describes surface morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles which were roughly spherical in shape. The synthesized Nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and the highest antibacterial activity was found in Cu-NPS compared plant root extract.

PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, AND CATECHIN ANALYSIS OF GREEN TEA (Camellia sinensis var assamica) FROM NORTH SUMATERA, INDONESIA

The taste of green tea is different and unique; factors that contribute to this include the type of picking method, leaf age, variety, and clones. The researchers used the disc method for antimicrobial testing, the DPPH method for antioxidant testing with a visible spectrophotometer set to 515 nm wavelength, the HPLC method for catechin content analysis, and phytochemical screening as a qualitative test. The results of this study's phytochemical screening tests revealed that green tea was positive for terpenoids with Liebermann Bouchard reagent, flavonoids, and tannins with FeCl3 reagent, and good inhibition zones for pathogenic bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Salmonella typhi. The outcomes of the negative control, 5%, 10%, and 15% green tea ethanol extract against the following microorganisms were: 0; 4,3; 6,35; 8,05 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, 0; 5,9; 6,95; 8,55 mm for Streptococcus mutans, and 0; 3,45; 4,4; 6,45 mm for Salmonella typhi. Results indicated that Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus were more effectively inhibited by green tea ethanol extract than Streptococcus mutans. Antioxidants demonstrated IC50 of 33.33 indicating a very significant antioxidant activity in the test. determined using a visible spectrophotometer. The HPLC test yielded a catechin content of 16.9%.

A Comparative Study of Spectrophotometric Determination of Malathion With Ammonium Meta Vanadate and Potassium Bromate

Malathion is one of the commonly used pesticides in India which is toxic as per the World Health Organization. Its residue has been found in industrial effluent, water streams, and agricultural products. Various analytical methods such as gas chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, and thin‐layer chromatography were used for identifying the concentration of pesticides in aqueous phase. Though gas chromatography is one of the best available techniques in pesticide analysis, it involves higher cost. In this study, simple spectrophotometric methods for identifying the malathion in aqueous phase are experimented and compared using UV visible double beam spectrophotometer. Comparing these two methods will help us to select the most suitable method for specific analytical needs, considering factors such as accuracy, sensitivity, ease of use, and safety. This comparative analysis aids in choosing the best method for reliable and efficient determination of malathion. A regression analysis of Beers–Lambert plots showed a good correlation in the concentration range of 0.5–15 mg/L for the abovementioned two spectrophotometrical methods. The results showed that potassium bromate exhibits rapid, stable color complex and linearity in absorbance versus concentration study when compared with ammonium meta vanadate.

Investigating the Effect of Ph Variation on the Optoelectronic and Structural Properties of Electrodeposited Copper Selenide Thin Films.

Copper Selenide (CuSe) thin film compound semiconductors have been deposited onto fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting substrates using electrodeposition technique through various electrolytic bath pH values of 2.00, 2.20, and 2.40. The deposition was carried out in potentiostatic mode using a 2-electrode system set-up at room temperature for 15 minutes at the cathodic voltage of 500 mV. The electrical and the optical properties of the thin films were carried out using photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells and ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer respectively. CuSe thin film possesses a p-type electrical conductivity and the sample grown at semiconductor and a pH of 2.2 was recorded to have the highest PEC signal and highest photo and dark currents that brings forth its maximum power. The energy band gap values of the electrodeposited CuSe thin films were observed to be 2.30 eV, 2.20 eV, and 2.00 eV at bath pH values of 2.0, 2.2, and 2.4 respectively. The optical band obtained at the various pH decreases as pH increases and these band gap values agree with the bulk band gap of CuSe. The preferred orientation peak of electrodeposited CuSe layers exists as klockmannite (CuSe) and the highest peak intensity for the preferred orientation peak occurred at pH of 2.20. At this pH value, the electrodeposited CuSe layers have the highest crystallite sizes.

Metallic nanoparticles production by Actinomycetes and their Impact against some human pathogens

The Study Investigated Metallic Nanoparticles Synthesized extracellularly. Using actinomycetes isolated from different environments as (The Mediterranean Sea, Some Fields, stagnant water, underground water, and rainfall water). Checking for Microorganisms Only six actinomycetes could be retrieved from the thirty-five samples that were gathered for the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles, and of those six, only three showed the ability to synthesis AgNPs with antibacterial activity. We identified these powerful isolates as Arthrobacter crystallopoietes strain smmdk12 (OR685674), Micromonospora maris strain smmdk13 (OR685672), and Streptomyces albus strain smmdk14 (OR685674) based on their features. On the basis of 16rRNA sequences along with morphological and physiological properties. The proliferation of medically significant pathogenic bacteria was considerably influenced and suppressed by the biosynthesized AgNPS. Silver nitrate (1 mM) was added to the culture supernatant to create biosynthesized AgNPS, which were then characterised using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer. The AgNPS particle size and spherical shape that were obtained (6.46nm-24.7nm). Evaluations were conducted on the antimicrobial impact of AgNPs. The results of the wound healing process showed that after being exposed to Ag-NPs for 24 hours, fibroblasts progressed toward the opening to seal the scratch wound by around 66.4%, significantly speeding up the healing process.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities Evaluation, Phytochemical Characterisation of Rhizome from Angiopteris helferiana and Barks from Saurauia fasciculata in Nepal

Ethnomedicinally, more than 2000 plants were found to be used in Nepal. Among them, the red colored rhizome of Angiopteris helferiana and the bark of Saurauia fasciculata have been used widely to treat muscle fatigue, bone pain, fever, postpartum hemorrhage, and thirst by healers in Kaski and Tanahun districts, Nepal. However, scientific evidence towards their traditional uses is lacking till December, 2023. Therefore, we report the phytochemicals, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total carbohydrate content (TCC), antioxidant and antibacterial activities of A. helferiana and S. fasciculata extracts. Phytochemical analysis indicated that A. helferiana and S. fasciculata extracts were potential sources of chemicals such as phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and carbohydrates. The TPC, TFC, and TCC of extracts were determined by using an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer. Among the extracts tested, A. helferiana extracts showed the highest phenolic and carbohydrate contents of 208.33 ± 12.96 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g and 564.16 ± 2.92 mg of D‐glucose equivalent/g of dry extract, respectively. Similarly, S. fasciculata revealed the highest flavonoid content of 30.35 ± 0.1 mg quercetin equivalent/g of dry extract. The extract of A. helferiana and S. fasciculata exhibited potent antioxidant activity by scavenging 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radicals with an IC50 of 25.9 µg/ml and 31.07 µg/ml, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the A. helferiana and S. fasciculata extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli was determined using an agar‐well diffusion protocol that revealed the potential antibacterial activity of A. helferiana against E. coli. The present study will help validate the traditional uses of A. helferiana rhizomes and S. fasciculata barks as a healing medicine and inspire the researcher towards further research, development, and formulation.

Investigating the Effect of Ph Variation on the Optoelectronic and Structural Properties of Electrodeposited Copper Selenide Thin Films.

Copper Selenide (CuSe) thin film compound semiconductors have been deposited onto fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting substrates using electrodeposition technique through various electrolytic bath pH values of 2.00, 2.20, and 2.40. The deposition was carried out in potentiostatic mode using a 2-electrode system set-up at room temperature for 15 minutes at the cathodic voltage of 500 mV. The electrical and the optical properties of the thin films were carried out using photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells and ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer respectively. CuSe thin film possesses a p-type electrical conductivity and the sample grown at semiconductor and a pH of 2.2 was recorded to have the highest PEC signal and highest photo and dark currents that brings forth its maximum power. The energy band gap values of the electrodeposited CuSe thin films were observed to be 2.30 eV, 2.20 eV, and 2.00 eV at bath pH values of 2.0, 2.2, and 2.4 respectively. The optical band obtained at the various pH decreases as pH increases and these band gap values agree with the bulk band gap of CuSe. The preferred orientation peak of electrodeposited CuSe layers exists as klockmannite (CuSe) and the highest peak intensity for the preferred orientation peak occurred at pH of 2.20. At this pH value, the electrodeposited CuSe layers have the highest crystallite sizes.

Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Leaves and Flowers Extract of Cassia auriculata L. and Study of It’s Antimicrobial Activity.

Abstract: Evolution of biologically inspired experimental processes for the synthesis of nanoparticles is developed into an important branch of nanotechnology. The leaf and flower extract of Cassia auriculata L. ( Caesalpiniacece) in the synthesis of copper nanoparticles was investigated employing UV/Ultra visible spectrophotometer, SEM/scanning electron microscopy and PXRD/Powder X-ray diffraction. Uv shows the sharp band of copper Nanoparticles is around 375nm of Cassia auriculata (fresh and dry leaf and flower) , SEM image has shown the morphological shape of the copper nanoparticles C.auriculata fresh leaf copper nanoparticles average size is 12.43nm, dry leaf is 40nm and fresh flower copper nanoparticles size is 57.87nm, dry flower is 7.14nm, X-ray diffraction patterns of synthesized fresh leaves mean size of copper nanoparticles calculated using the DebyeScherrer’s equation was found to be 12.43nm,mean size of dry leaves is 40nm,mean size of fresh flower is 57.87nm and mean size of dry flower is 7.14nm respectively.The results of antimicrobial activity of the C. auriculata green synthesized CuNPs against the Gram- negative bacterial strains (E. coli and S.typhi) and the Gram-positive bacterial strains (S.aureus and B.subtilis), Fungi (Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium atramentosum, Aspergillus flavus) under the well diffusion method had a considerable antimicrobial activities increased with higher concentration. The fresh leaves CuNPs shows more effective against S.aureus, dry leaves CuNPs against E. coli, fresh flowers CuNPs against S. aureus and dry flowers CuNPs shows more effective against B. subtilis. In case of fungi both fresh and dry leaves and flowers CuNPs shows more effective against F.oxysporum. C. auriculata is a medicinal shrub or tree which is native to the India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. This plant reported for its uses in the Ayurvedic and siddha system of medicine for treating various diseases mainly both the diabetes types. The antimicrobial potential of the leaf and flower extract was tested. The anti-bacterial and anti-fungal property were found to be better for the aqueous leaf and flower extract and the extract containing the metal particles.

Insight into the interaction between ionic nanobubbles and cyanobacteria: Elucidating the role of surfactant and zeta potential in the inactivation of harmful cyanobacteria

Harmful blue-green cyanobacteria, which release cyanotoxins, are a serious threat to water bodies, humans, and the environment worldwide and growing at a significant scale owing to changes in the global climate. In this study, cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa and Dolichospermum) inactivation was investigated in the presence of different ionic and chitosan-coated nanobubbles (NBs) and the underlying interaction mechanisms between negatively charged cyanobacteria and NBs were evaluated. The characteristics of the generated NBs were examined under different experimental conditions. The characteristics of the cyanobacteria were analyzed using imaging, fluorescence analysis, and absorption spectroscopy. The inactivation of cyanobacteria subjected to different NBs was monitored for 72 h using an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer in conjunction with an inverted fluorescence microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The observed inactivation was approximately 90%, and the inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa was higher than that of Dolichospermum under all the experimental conditions.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and L-cysteine-capped AgNPs with Foeniculum vulgare seed extract for Colorimetric Hg2+ Detection

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and L-cysteine-capped AgNPs were synthesized separately using Foeniculum vulgare seed extract as the reducing agent and L-cysteine as the capping agent, which were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (UV–vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The utilization of the synthesized nanomaterials as colorimetric sensors for the detection of Hg2+ ions was also investigated. In this context, it was determined that L-cysteine-capped AgNPs exhibited better performance in the colorimetric Hg2+ detection in regards to sensitivity, selectivity, and applicability in real samples. It was observed that the colorimetric detection method was based on the disappearance of the brown color of the nanomaterial-contained colloidal solution and thus the decrease in the LSPR peak intensity. The method of the colorimetric Hg2+ detection with L-cysteine-capped AgNPs showed the good regression coefficient with the minimum detection limit of 0.36 μM in the linear Hg2+ concentration range of 1.0-10 μM, which indicated the competitive results compared to the latest reported colorimetric sensors in the literature. According to the obtained results, it has been concluded that the studied method enables to detection of Hg2+ ions colorimetrically via L-cysteine-capped AgNPs in a sensitive, selective, applicable in real samples, cheap, and easy way.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Xanthium strumarium-Mediated Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles.

Background Green synthesis of nanoparticles is a growing trend. The annual plant Xanthium strumarium L. (X. strumarium) belongs to the Asteraceae family. The herb has traditionally been used to treat a variety of ailments, including leucoderma, dangerous insect bites, epilepsy, salivation, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, etc.Inorganic, biocompatible, and non-toxic titanium is a substance employed in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries as well as in fields like bone tissue engineering. The aim of the study is to characterize titanium dioxidenanoparticles (TiO₂NPs), which were synthesized from X.strumarium. Also, this study aims to assess the cytotoxic properties of the synthesized leaf extract and the TiO₂NPs. Materials and methods In this study, the biosynthesis of TiO₂NPs was made from X. strumarium leaf extract. The characterization of the green-synthesized TiO₂NPswas done using the spectral analysis of an ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The advantage of usingTiO₂NPs is that they possess antimicrobial,antibacterial, chemical stability, and catalytic properties.The leaf extract and the biosynthesized nanoparticles were tested against human fibroblast cell lines for biocompatibility using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results SEM investigation showed that TiO₂NPs were crystalline in nature. FTIR confirms the presence of alkyne and amine functional groups, and the pointed vertices in the X-ray diffraction(XRD) pattern show the crystalline nature of TiO2NPs. The study found that the cell viability of TiO₂NPs was 110%. Conclusion TiO₂NPs were synthesized from X. strumarium leaf extract and characterized usingSEM, FTIR, and XRD. The TiO₂NPs were found to be crystalline in nature with various functional groups. MTT assay shows that the synthesized nanoparticles are promising biocompatibleagents that can be used in future research in the medical field.

Smartphone readable three dimensional printed analytical kit for on-site detection of Cr(VI)

A rapid and easy-used colorimetric method was developed for on-site and rapid analysis of Cr(VI). Under acidic condition, Cr(VI) was reacted with 1, 5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) and a purple-red complex was formed subsequently, inducing the color changed from colorless to purple-red, this color variance can be detected by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis), smartphone and even naked-eye. For realizing the goal of on-site analysis, this method was integrated in a three dimensional (3D) printed analytical kit, smartphone was used as a portable detector. Under the optimized conditions, limit of detections (LODs) of 0.0014 μg/mL and 0.0016 μg/mL were obtained by smartphone and UV–Vis, respectively. Concentration of Cr(VI) as low as 0.05 μg/mL was still visible by naked-eye. This colorimetric system was further applied to the analysis of several environmental water samples, recoveries of 90–107 % were obtained. It is a promising portable analytical device/system for Cr(VI) on-site and rapid analysis.