VRML Research Articles

Three-Dimensional CAD Graphics and Virtual Reality File Conversion

Using VRML virtual reality modeling language standard steel structure CAD graphics switch into a text file. Making the complex 3D graphics information expressed in VRML environment. Make CAD graphics and VRML file according to the respective standards can use inverse. Drawings transformed into each other to create a practical and effective method.

3D Face Matching Based on Depth-Level Curves

In the domain of 3D face matching, many techniques have been developed as variants of 3D facial matching approaches that reduce the amount of facial data into few 3D curves. In the literature, many curves have been considered: level-curves, radial curves, iso-stripes, crest lines, etc... In this paper, we exploit curve concept to represent 3D facial geometric. First, depth-level curves were extracted to present 3D facial data then, we investigate the dimensionality reduction offered by Random Projection to perform an artificial system for face recognition using Back-propagation neural network. Experiment was conducted using vrml files from FRAV Database considering only one training sample per person.

Designing Interactive Virtual Products Using VRML and Java

This paper exploits the combination of VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) and Java for the construction of highly interactive products. The products are modeled in vrml, which allows the definition of a Java program to process and generate events that determine the interactive of the product. An application for the generation of Java graphical interfaces was developed, aiming to establish the communication between the user and the vrml product, sending parameters to the program that controls the product.

Alternativas de diseño: arquitectura para el ciberespacio como estrategia de enseñanza Caso Sede Virtual 3D Interactiva Multiusuario para el Taller Virtual de las Américas

This article seeks to describe products of the course «Alternatives of Design 2005», that aims to prepare architects from the Master Studies Department of Computing in Architecture (LU Z-Maracaibo) by applying a methodology based on VR ML and Java Script, oriented to attain a proposal for: «Las Americas Virtual Design Studio».

3D Try-on System's Establishment Based on Web Shopping

In view of current 2D network shopping limitations, we developed a 3D try-on system, which is composed of human body model establishment, 3D clothing model establishment and 3D try-on effect online display. We proposed a modeling method based on VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language) to modify eigenvalue parameters of human body model. To match virtual mode’s and reality users’ face, we fused interpolation algorithm and model deformation, which bases on people’s real pictures and general-purpose digital human. We put forward fashion designers created 3D clothing models in order to reduce duplication of effort and improve the model’s quality. Clothing drape effect and easing effect are shown in the virtual scene. Using above methods to create 3D fitting model is more real and practical popularized.

Image Fusion in Craniofacial Virtual Reality Modeling Based on CT and 3dMD Photogrammetry

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of building a craniofacial virtual reality model by image fusion of 3-dimensional (3D) CT models and 3 dMD stereophotogrammetric facial surface. A CT scan and stereophotography were performed. The 3D CT models were reconstructed by Materialise Mimics software, and the stereophotogrammetric facial surface was reconstructed by 3 dMD patient software. All 3D CT models were exported as Stereo Lithography file format, and the 3 dMD model was exported as Virtual Reality Modeling Language file format. Image registration and fusion were performed in Mimics software. Genetic algorithm was used for precise image fusion alignment with minimum error. The 3D CT models and the 3 dMD stereophotogrammetric facial surface were finally merged into a single file and displayed using Deep Exploration software. Errors between the CT soft tissue model and 3 dMD facial surface were also analyzed. Virtual model based on CT-3 dMD image fusion clearly showed the photorealistic face and bone structures. Image registration errors in virtual face are mainly located in bilateral cheeks and eyeballs, and the errors are more than 1.5 mm. However, the image fusion of whole point cloud sets of CT and 3 dMD is acceptable with a minimum error that is less than 1 mm. The ease of use and high reliability of CT-3 dMD image fusion allows the 3D virtual head to be an accurate, realistic, and widespread tool, and has a great benefit to virtual face model.

Anatomical education and surgical simulation based on the Chinese Visible Human: a three-dimensional virtual model of the larynx region

Anatomical knowledge of the larynx region is critical for understanding laryngeal disease and performing required interventions. Virtual reality is a useful method for surgical education and simulation. Here, we assembled segmented cross-section slices of the larynx region from the Chinese Visible Human dataset. The laryngeal structures were precisely segmented manually as 2D images, then reconstructed and displayed as 3D images in the virtual reality Dextrobeam system. Using visualization and interaction with the virtual reality modeling language model, a digital laryngeal anatomy instruction was constructed using HTML and JavaScript languages. The volume larynx models can thus display an arbitrary section of the model and provide a virtual dissection function. This networked teaching system of the digital laryngeal anatomy can be read remotely, displayed locally, and manipulated interactively.

Virtual Reality Modeling Language as Tool for Automated Workplaces Simulation

Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) is description language, which belongs to a field virtual reality (VR) system. The file, which is in VRML format, can be interpreted by VRML explorer in three-dimensional scene. VRML was created with aim to represent virtual reality on Internet easier. Development of 3D graphic is connected with Silicon Graphic Corporation. VRML 2.0 is the file format for describing interactive 3D scenes and objects. It can be used in collaboration with www, can be used for 3D complex representations creating of scenes, products or VR applications VRML 2.0 enables represent static and animated objects too. Interesting application of VRML is in area of automated workplaces simulation.

A web-based virtual system for turn-milling center

This paper presents a three-dimensional, web-based, interactive simulation system for turn-milling center. To overcome the disadvantages of transferring files over the Internet and depending on expensive computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) softwares, the system is developed by virtual reality modeling language (VRML)/JavaScript interaction. The system files produced by machining simulation have small size, and could be transmitted on the web easily. Firstly, a dynamic interactive technology based on VRML and JavaScript, which is essential to a web-based simulation system, has been presented in this paper. Secondly, the geometric and kinematic model is created for representing the turn-milling center motion. Then, the key technologies for machining simulation including material removal, NC codes compiling and collision detection are studied. Finally, to validate feasibility of the proposed system, the virtual machining process for a stepped shaft in the machine tool is carried out. Since the system realizes multiple dynamic demonstrations of virtual machine tool, users can comprehensively understand the product performance. The research for the web-based virtual system of turn-milling center has important research value and application prospect.

VRIT: An Innovative Approach of Industrial Training through Virtual Reality

The emerging global competition and increasing costs are a great challenge to industries. New cost effective training methods are explored to cope with this demand. In-depth knowledge of the functions in a factory is of vital importance for greater safety and better efficiency. Desktop and web-based e-learning applications offer industrialists new tools to raise maintenance-related knowledge and competence. Simulated learning through virtual 3D animations let employees comprehend the internal mechanisms of the equipment and the co-relation between the different parts. The evolution of Web technologies in recent years has enabled the use of Virtual Reality (VR) modelling for visualization of manufacturing processes creating a Virtual Environment (VE). The VR modelling language (VRML), which has become the standard for transmitting 3D virtual worlds across the Internet, can be used to control, interact and monitor manufacturing processes visually thus imparting training from a desktop computer. This paper deals with the simulation of the production of steel beams and columns presented to the subcontractors from a parent company.

마이와이 표준의 열 센서망의 3차원 실시간 자료 시각화를 위한 가상 현실 모델링 언어 데이터베이스 액세스

본 논문에서는 중국 현지 염색 기업의 열 센서망에 적용 가능한 원격 가상 현실 제어 플랫폼에서 실행할 수 있는 데이터베이스 액세스를 가상 현실 모델링 언어 (VRML)를 소개하였다. 또한, 3차원 실시간 자료 시각화를 위한 가상 현실 모델링 언어-액티브엑스 서버 페이지(VRML-ASP)를 소개하였다. 나아가 이와 관련된 스크립트도 다루었을 뿐만 아니라, 열 센서 노드와 센서 영역에서의 움직임을 분석하였다. 이 데이터베이스 프레임워크는 마이크로칩에서 발표한 마이와이<TEX>$^{TM}$</TEX>(<TEX>$MiWi^{TM}$</TEX>)의 표준에 최적화되었다. 이러한 분석 결과를 근거로, 시스템 구성에 따라 가상 현실 모델링 언어-액티브엑스 서버 페이지(VRML-ASP) 데이터 액세스 프레임워크가 가상 현실 원격 산업 공정 제어 시스템을 위한 하나의 경쟁력 있는 데이터 관리 해결책이 될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. A Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) database access in remote virtual reality control platform for dyeing enterprise <TEX>$MiWi^{TM}$</TEX> thermal sensor network is presented in this paper. The VRML-ASP framework is introduced for 3D real-time data plotting in this application. The activities of thermal sensor nodes and sensor area are analyzed. The database access framework is optimized for <TEX>$MiWi^{TM}$</TEX> wireless sensor networks. The experimental results show that VRML-ASP database access framework could be a reliable and competitive data-manage candidate for targeted virtual reality remote industrial visualization application.

Research of Substation Visualization Based on 3D Panoramic and Geometric Modeling Technology

By combining three-dimensional panorama technology with geometric modeling technology, the models of the primary and secondary equipment of substations are built to get a three-dimensional (3D) virtual environment. This method makes it easy to view the equipments and improves the integration of substation monitoring information. This paper analyzes and discusses two kinds of solutions which are based on Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) and Open Scene Graph (OSG) together with Qt as the main technologies.

Research on Remote Virtual Assembly Technology of Plug Valve Based on VRML

In this paper, three-dimensional plug valve was created. The function of virtual assembly was achieved using virtual reality modeling language. Network virtual assembly can operate, browse and assemble plug valve remotely by embedding virtual assembly in web pages. The virtual assembly method presented in this paper can be easily extended to deal with many other problems in complex engineering system if control parameters are modified properly.

U-City 구현을 위한 3D-Web GIS 기반의 가상도시 시스템

U-City has been promoted nation-wide by development of recent IT technology. This paper studied the concept of 3D-virtual city in order to realize the current Ubiquitous City(U-City) efficiently, and to manage all the RFID/USN monitoring data in the real U-City. 3D-Virtual City is the concept of the reproduction of real world U-City, for embodying Ubiquitous technology while using Digital map, satellite image, VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language). U&V-City is the four-dimensional future city that real-time wire/wireless communication network and 3D-web GIS shall be connected that massive database, intelligent service be perceived through employing EAI(External Authoring Interface) that provides HTML&JAVA, and interface for efficient removal/process of massive information/ service and also by employing GPS/LBS/Navigation in support of world-wide orientation concept, and RTLS(Real Time Location System).

An improved Marching Cube algorithm for 3D data segmentation

The marching cube algorithm is one of the most popular algorithms for isosurface triangulation. It is based on a division of the data volume into elementary cubes, followed by a standard triangulation inside each cube. In the original formulation, the marching cube algorithm is based on 15 basic triangulations and a total of 256 elementary triangulations are obtained from the basic ones by rotation, reflection, conjugation, and combinations of these operations.The original formulation of the algorithm suffers from well-known problems of connectivity among triangles of adjacent cubes, which has been solved in various ways. We developed a variant of the marching cube algorithm that makes use of 21 basic triangulations. Triangles of adjacent cubes are always well connected in this approach. The output of the code is a triangulated model of the isosurface in raw format or in VRML (Virtual Reality Modelling Language) format. Program summaryProgram title: TRIANGOLATECatalogue identifier: AENS_v1_0Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AENS_v1_0.htmlProgram obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.htmlNo. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 147558No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 26084066Distribution format: tar.gzProgramming language: C.Computer: Pentium 4, CPU 3.2 GHz and 3.24 GB of RAM (2.77 GHz).Operating system: Tested on several Linux distribution, but generally works in all Linux-like platforms.RAM: Approximately 2 MBClassification: 6.5.Nature of problem: Given a scalar field μ(x,y,z) sampled on a 3D regular grid, build a discrete model of the isosurface associated to the isovalue μIso, which is defined as the set of points that satisfy the equation μ(x,y,z)=μIso.Solution method: The proposed solution is an improvement of the Marching Cube algorithm, which approximates the isosurface using a set of triangular facets. The data volume is divided into logical volumes where the topology of the triangulation is selected through a look-up table, while the metric is computed by linear interpolation.Running time: It is dependent on the input data, but the test provided takes 8 seconds.

Maximizing modern distribution of complex anatomical spatial information: 3D reconstruction and rapid prototype production of anatomical corrosion casts of human specimens

Anatomical corrosion casts of human specimens are useful teaching aids. However, their use is limited due to ethical dilemmas associated with their production, their lack of perfect reproducibility, and their consumption of original specimens in the process of casting. In this study, new approaches with modern distribution of complex anatomical spatial information were explored to overcome these limitations through the digitalization of anatomical casts of human specimens through three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, rapid prototype production, and Web-based 3D atlas construction. The corrosion cast of a lung, along with its associated arteries, veins, trachea, and bronchial tree was CT-scanned, and the data was then processed by Mimics software. Data from the lung casts were then reconstructed into 3D models using a hybrid method, utilizing both "image threshold" and "region growing." The fine structures of the bronchial tree, arterial, and venous network of the lung were clearly displayed and demonstrated their distinct relationships. The multiple divisions of bronchi and bronchopulmonary segments were identified. The 3D models were then uploaded into a rapid prototype 3D printer to physically duplicate the cast. The physically duplicated model of the lung was rescanned by CT and reconstructed to detect its production accuracy. Gross observation and accuracy detection were used to evaluate the duplication and few differences were found. Finally, Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) was used to edit the 3D casting models to construct a Web-based 3D atlas accessible through Internet Explorer with 3D display and annotation functions.

Chatting Module Design in Online Virtual Campus System

In this paper, we present a new method to design and realize chatting module in online virtual campus system. Our virtual campus system is based VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) and JavaScript, and has two parts, including server and client. We divide the system into several different modules, including user interface, models database, information database, navigation graph, chatting module and server module. In order to meet all the demands of students and professors, we offer three chatting modes, including public chatting, regional chatting, and private chatting. In this way, the students and professors can use different modes to achieve different functions. Certainly, we also design the chat panel for students and professors. We have implemented our method and our system is running smoothly.

Web-based Customization and Motion Simulation of the Omni-directional Wheelchair

A wheelchair with omni-directional wheel is introduced in this article. Two kinds of omni-directional wheel, Mecanum wheel and Trans wheel, are illustrated and their motion principles were analyzed. Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) is adopted to implement the real-time customization and motion simulation. In the real-time customization process, the color of some parts of the wheelchair can be altered, and the shape of components can also be replaced via the customization panel. By using this methods, the omni-directional movements such as longitu-dinal, lateral and rotary motion can be emulated via the simulation panel. In this way, clients can participate in the design and get a wheelchair according to their individual requirements, which will give them a deeper and more impressive feeling about the wheelchair’s special motion functions.

A generic approach of integrating 3D models into virtual manufacturing

Various 3D modeling software has been developed for design and manufacturing. Most of the commercially available software uses native file formats, which may not be able to be read or understood by other software. This paper deals with the development of a generic approach of a 3D model conversion program for virtual manufacturing (VM), using a lexical analyzer generator Lex and the Open Graphic Library (OpenGL). The program is able to convert 3D mesh data between four universal file formats, i.e., Stereolithography (STL), Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), eXtensible Markup Language (XML), and Object (OBJ). Simple assembly functions can be applied to the imported models. The quaternion angle is used for object rotation to overcome the problem of gimbal lock or a loss of one degree of rotational freedom. The program has been validated by importing the neutral format models into the program, applying the transformation, saving the new models with a new coordinate system, and lastly exporting into other commercial software. The results showed that the program is able to render and re-arrange accurately the geometry data from the different universal file formats and that it can be used in VM. Therefore, the output models from a VM system can be transferred or imported to another VM system in a universal file format.

Development of 3D Boiler Header Template using Webots

Offline boiler header inspection is a tedious process if done manually since the opening is very small to insert big instruments and tools while the length can range up to 20 m. The geometry can also be complex since boiler tubes are connected to these headers from different directions. Designing of robots to assist in offline boiler header inspections can be made easier if a simulator is available for deciding the parameters of the robot. This paper describes the development of a 3D boiler header pipe environment template for boiler header inspection robot (BHIR) using Webots. The purpose is to use it as a simulator for the development of BHIR prototypes. Firstly, 3D boiler header pipe environment is constructed by using Pro Engineer (Pro\\E). Next, Virtual Reality Modeling Language or VRML97 is used to convert file from Pro\\E world file to Webots world file. Finally, simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the developed 3D boiler header environment template. Results show the advantages of having the simulator for modeling and designing of BHIR prototypes.