Virtual Components Research Articles

NORD: NOde Ranking-based efficient virtual network embedding over single Domain substrate networks

Network virtualization (NV) allows the service providers (SPs) to partition the substrate resources in the form of isolated virtual networks (VNs) comprising multiple correlated virtual machines (VMs) and virtual links (VLs), capturing the dependencies. Though NV brought about multiple benefits, such as service isolation, improved quality-of-service (QoS), secure communication, and better utilization of substrate resources, it also introduced numerous research challenges. In this regard, one of the predominant challenges is assigning resources to the virtual components, i.e., VMs and VLs, also termed virtual network embedding (VNE). VNE comprises two closely related sub-problems, (i.) VM embedding and (ii.) VL embedding, and both the problems have been demonstrated to be NP-Hard. In the context of VNE, maximizing the revenue to cost ratio remains the focal point for the SPs as it not only boosts acceptance of VNRs but also effectively utilizes the substrate resources. However, the existing literature on VNE suffers from the following pitfalls: (i.) They only consider system resources or (ii.) limited topological attributes. However, both attributes are quintessential in accurately capturing the VNRs and the substrate network dependencies, thereby augmenting the revenue to cost ratio. This paper proposes an efficient VNE strategy called, NOde Ranking-based efficient virtual network embedding over single Domain substrate networks (NORD), to maximize the revenue to cost ratio. To address the problem of VM embedding, NORD utilizes a hybrid entropy and the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) based ranking strategy for VMs and servers considering both system and topological attributes that effectively capture the dependencies. Once the ranking is generated, A greedy VM embedding followed by shortest path VL embedding completes the assignment. Simulation results confirm that NORD attains a 40% and 61% increment in average acceptance and revenue-to-cost ratios compared to the baselines.

The CASPER preparation program innovation: increasing self-perceived competence and confidence of underrepresented applicants on the novel CASPER Snapshot and CanMEDS roles

BackgroundUnderrepresented Minorities in Medicine (URMMs) may face financial and social limitations when matriculating into medical schools. Performance on situational judgment tests such as Computer-based Assessment for Sampling Personal Characteristics (CASPER) can be enhanced by coaching and mentorship. The CASPER Preparation Program (CPP) coaches URMMs to prepare for the CASPER test. During the coronavirus 2019 pandemic (COVID-19), CPP implemented novel curricula on the CASPER Snapshot and CanMEDS roles.MethodsPre and post-program questionnaires were completed by the students, which assessed their: 1) confidence in understanding the CanMEDS roles, and 2) perceived confidence in performing well and their familiarity and preparedness with the CASPER Snapshot. With a second post-program questionnaire, participants’ scores on the CASPER test as well as medical school application outcome were also assessed.ResultsParticipants reported a significant increase in the URMMs’ knowledge, self-perceived competency to complete the CASPER Snapshot, and their anxiety significantly decreased. The level of confidence in understanding CanMEDS roles for a career in healthcare increased as well. The majority (91%) agreed that the feedback received from tutors was adequate and the virtual component of the program was beneficial during COVID-19. 51% of students scored in the highest quartile on the CASPER test and 35% received an offer of admission from CASPER-requiring medical schools.ConclusionPathway coaching programs have the potential to increase confidence and familiarity amongst URMMs for the CASPER tests and CanMEDS roles. Similar programs should be developed with the aim to increase the chances of URMMs matriculating into medical schools.

Logical-semantic definition of a production process digital twin

Objectives . A methodology currently being developed for generalizing and presenting knowledge about studied subject-oriented areas is based on a “model hypothesis” for determining the distinguished objects and their relationships. Such system models can be used in any information system to define the knowledge about subject-oriented areas. Systems engineering methods already make it possible to create information models of real objects supplemented by virtual components, and vice versa, i.e., models of virtual objects supplemented by real components. So, for example, the availability of information models of technological and production facilities and their connections with real equipment allow the creation and management of real-virtual production processes (PP) in accordance with Industry 4.0 methodologies. From a theoretical aspect, the development of system models of objects and their connections in subject-oriented areas is based on the problem of a formal consistent description (grammatical calculus) of the functional regularities of a given set of objects and their relationships. The purpose of the study is to develop an approach and principles of methodology for system modeling of production facilities and their connections to provide closed-loop control (forecasting, planning, accounting, regulation, etc.) in the production environments of machinery enterprises taking the form of their digital twins (DTs). Methods . The basic provisions of the theory of sets and graph theory—in particular, the provisions of the theory of categories of sets—are used according to the formal logic and control theories. System Engineering methods are also applied in the organization and management of machinery production. Results . The approach to the formation of a metastructure of production process digital twin (PPDT) based on the models of production facilities and their relationships is substantiated. The procedure and rules for constructing a PPDT system model are developed along with an approach to the structural and parametric identification of DT models, taking logical and semantic restrictions into account. Conclusions . A presented example for identifying the basic set of objects of the organization of the PPDT based on the logical-semantic analysis of production activities and the provisions of the unified standards of the unified system for technological preparation of production of machinery production as a researched subject area confirms the main provisions of the proposed methodology for constructing the PPDT.

Tips and Tricks: Starting Your Own Continuing Medical Education Course

Tips and Tricks: Starting Your Own Continuing Medical Education Course

Multi-Functional Time Expanded Graph: A Unified Graph Model for Communication, Storage, and Computation for Dynamic Networks Over Time

Space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN) aided multi-tier computing network can be modelled as a dynamic and predictable network. For the SAGIN aided multi-tier computing network, the traditional time expanded graph (TEG) can only jointly model communication and storage capability, as well as one computing function for one mission flow within one same node. However, for multiple computing functions for one mission flow in one same node, TEG is not applicable. In this paper, for SAGIN aided multi-tier computing networks, we propose an multi-functional time expanded graph (MF-TEG) to jointly model the communication, storage, and computation capability of nodes where multiple computing functions for one mission flow in one same node can be characterized. Specifically, based on TEG, for each node having computation functions, we adopt the virtual network graph (VNG) to virtually decompose it into three virtual components: sub-virtual node, virtual computing nodes, and virtual transmission links, where the virtual computing node provides the computing function. We characterize the amount of data flow on each link and also present four kinds of fundamental constraints for the data flow in the MF-TEG for joint communication, storage, and computing function: computation capacity constraints, communication capacity constraints, storage capacity constraints, and flow conservation constraints. We provide one example of using MF-TEG to model the SAGIN aided multi-tier computing network with a service function chain (SFC), where satellite nodes could provide communication, storage, and multiple computing functions for one mission flow in one same node, where TEG is not valid. Furthermore, simulation results show that for SAGIN aided multi-tier computing network, the proposed MF-TEG model significantly outperforms the snapshot graph-aided VNG (SSG-aided VNG) model. The reason for that is only communication and computation capability is considered by the SSG-aided VNG model, while storage capability is not exploited.

Can Hybrid In-Person and Virtual Care Delivery Models Increase Telehealth Access to Vulnerable Populations in the Post–COVID-19 Era?

Background The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically increased telehealth use; however, it simultaneously widened the digital health divide. Several studies in New York City (NYC) demonstrated that communities with the highest COVID-19 prevalence also had the lowest telehealth use. Moreover, the social distancing measures used to curb COVID-19 led to isolation, loneliness, and the avoidance of needed in-person care. Mobile integrated health programs utilizing both in-person components and virtual components can overcome social determinants that limit access to telehealth. Our mobile integrated health program, community teleparamedicine (CTP), employs care managers and community paramedics to engage patients with chronic illness and facilitate telehealth visits with emergency physicians. Objective We aimed to (1) describe the CTP cohort with respect to demographics and self-reported loneliness and (2) compare CTP visit locations to COVID-19 case rates by zip code. Methods Demographics were collected at CTP enrollment, and patients completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale (a summed score of 7 or higher indicates significant loneliness). Patients’ experiences with CTP were assessed by using anonymous postvisit surveys with a 5-point Likert scale. We presented descriptive statistics of survey results. CTP patients’ home addresses were compared to modified zip code tabulation area data on cumulative rates of COVID-19 cases per 100,000 people (NYC Department of Health’s COVID-19 GitHub repository). Results From January 2021 to February 2022, a total of 275 patients enrolled in CTP. These patients had an average age of 70 years, 49% were female, 53% were non-White, 16% were Hispanic or Latino, 42% resided in Manhattan, 30% resided in Brooklyn, 20% resided in Queens, and 8% resided in Bronx. Further, 1 in 5 patients reported significant loneliness; 37% lived alone; 61% were single, divorced, or widowed; and 70% did not have a home health aide. Only 8% did not own a computer, 4% did not have internet access, and 23% did not use a smartphone. Between April 2019 and October 2021, nearly 25% of NYC zip codes with CTP usage were among the top 50 zip codes with the highest cumulative rates of COVID-19 cases. CTP patients were satisfied with this hybrid model of virtual care; at least 95% of patients found that it was easy to connect to the physician, were satisfied with the care provided, felt less anxious about needing to return to the hospital, and agreed that CTP was easier than going to the hospital. Conclusions The hybrid in-person and virtual CTP program, which was specifically designed to address known barriers to accessing telehealth, successfully reached NYC communities that traditional telehealth programs did not, of which many experienced the highest rates of COVID-19. Our initial results indicate positive patient experiences; however, further qualitative research is needed to fully understand if facilitated telehealth also reduces isolation and loneliness as well as improves health and well-being. Conflicts of Interest None declared.

Creating the Metaverse: Consequences for Economy, Society, and Law

Objective : to define the degree of influence of such developing technological field as metaverse on various spheres of society and to identify the need for reaction on the part of law. Methods : the key method used for the research is the systemic-structural method, which allows establishing connections between various elements of the society as a complex system, analyzing the regularities generated by the spreading influence of metaverse prototypes in one sphere on other ones. Additional methods used are formal-logical, comparative-legal methods, as well as the methods of legal modeling and forecasting. Results : the practical implementation of the metaverse concept will open new opportunities for people, but will be accompanied by drastic changes in the economic subsystem of the society, in particular, the multifold growth of the share of virtual economy and structural changes in employment. The changes will also occur in the social subsystem: the social links and the education models will transform, new personal demands will occur. Changes in the economic and social spheres will entail the need to adapt law to them, in order to preserve the effective legal regulation of social relations. Also, it should be noted that the metaverse will increase the capabilities of not only people but also the artificial intelligence, for which virtual environment is actually the “natural” one. Legal norms must provide protection of a human under the increased virtual component in people’s lives, accompanied by intellectualization of the environment. Scientific novelty : the author has systematically analyzed the changes taking place in various spheres of the modern society in connection with the development of the technological field of metaverses; highlighted the key issues arising due to the said development and requiring legal solution both at the constitutional level and at the level of sector legislation; and proposed the necessary changes in legal regulation. Practical significance : the research materials can be used when preparing proposals on changes and amendments in the current legislation, as well as in pedagogical activity, in particular, for implementation of educational courses or modules related to law under digital transformation of the society.

A blended immersion course: advancing practice for social work students working with military members, veterans, and their families

ABSTRACT This paper presents a specialization blended immersion course in social work with military, veterans, and their families that includes a 3-unit elective course for Master of Social Work (MSW) students incorporating a virtual (i.e. synchronous) class component and an eight-day visit to the Washington DC area. Data collection from over 60 students over a four-year period was collected, and mixed methods analysis indicated success in knowledge acquisition related to social work practice and policy with military and veteran communities. This study supports other research findings on the usefulness of immersion experiences in acclimating students to different cultures, in this case, military culture. Additionally, as today’s digital education platform evolves in light of COVID-19 more students are engaged in online education. As such, this paper describes a framework for combining methods of instruction, such as blended and immersive experiences, that can be useful for social work education and in advancing practice in working with these populations.

Movement Time for Pointing Tasks in Real and Augmented Reality Environments

Human–virtual target interactions are becoming more and more common due to the emergence and application of augmented reality (AR) devices. They are different from interacting with real objects. Quantification of movement time (MT) for human–virtual target interactions is essential for AR-based interface/environment design. This study aims to investigate the motion time when people interact with virtual targets and to compare the differences in motion time between real and AR environments. An experiment was conducted to measure the MT of pointing tasks on the basis of both a physical and a virtual calculator panel. A total of 30 healthy adults, 15 male and 15 female, joined. Each participant performed pointing tasks on both physical and virtual panels with an inclined angle of the panel, hand movement direction, target key, and handedness conditions. The participants wore an AR head piece (Microsoft Hololens 2) when they pointed on the virtual panel. When pointing on the physical panel, the participants pointed on a panel drawn on board. The results showed that the type of panel, inclined angle, gender, and handedness had significant (p < 0.0001) effects on the MT. A new finding of this study was that the MT of the pointing task on the virtual panel was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher than that of the physical one. Users using a Hololens 2 AR device had inferior performance in pointing tasks than on a physical panel. A revised Fitts’s model was proposed to incorporate both the physical–virtual component and inclined angle of the panel in estimating the MT. This model is novel. The index of difficulty and throughput of the pointing tasks between using the physical and virtual panels were compared and discussed. The information in this paper is beneficial to AR designers in promoting the usability of their designs so as to improve the user experience of their products.

Preface

The 2nd International Conference on Environmental Sustainability in Natural Resource Management (ISCES 2022) is a peer-reviewed international conference with international participation of experts in sustainable development research, resource management, and the circular economy. ISCES 2022 conference was held on November 1, 2022 in the form of a hybrid conference combining a live in person event with a virtual component. ISCES 2022 is organized by BA School of Business and Finance (Latvia) and Riga Stradins University (Latvia) in partnership with the National University of Water and Environmental Engineering.The aim of the ISCES 2022 conference is to explore environmental sustainability trends in natural resources management, circular management and environmental engineering. Conceptual, empirical and methodological studies as well as country case studies on various topics of sustainable development were presented at the conference. It is expected that the reports and presentations will cover both theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of sustainable development and the circular economy.ISCES 2022 covered a wide range of scientific topics:Green Business and Corporate GovernanceDigital Sustainability and Net-Zero EconomyCircular Economy and BioeconomyNatural Resource DevelopmentPotential Social ResponsibilityResources Ecologically Safe Technological ProcessesEnvironmental Regulations and Legal Aspects of Sustainable DevelopmentEnvironmentally Sustainable Infrastructure and Renewable EnergySustainable Water Use, Agriculture and Organic FarmingThe conference model was split into two parts, including keynote presentations and online discussions of their talks using ZOOM. All papers have been thoroughly reviewed and reviewed to meet the requirements of the International Publication Standard. Papers were reviewed by qualified experts in the field selected by the conference committee.All the participants and organizers express their gratitude to the publishing office and to the editing group of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science for publishing the proceeding of the conference.Conference ChairsDzintra AtstajaBA School of Business and Finance, Riga, Latvia.Dr. Prof. Nataliia SavinaNational University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, UkraineDr., Prof. Viktor KovalIzmail State University of Humanities, Izmail, UkraineList of Organizing Committees, Scientific Committee are available in this pdf

Supporting Efficient Electrified Vehicle Development by Virtual Component and System Integration

Efficiently mastering the complexity of electrified powertrains by simultaneously meeting all functional and performance targets requires a highly integrated development approach. The present paper provides an overview of the simulation framework elaborated in the project VISION-xEV for supporting digital development to enable faster deployment of electrified/hybrid vehicles on the market. The research and innovation activities of VISION-xEV comprised the development of fast high-fidelity e-component models including the related parameterization workflows and consistent methodologies for virtual component and system integration. The methods resulting from VISION-xEV facilitate the increased utilization of virtual prototyping on component, sub-system and powertrain/vehicle level for supporting the efficient and effective development of all kinds of future electrified/hybrid vehicles.

Maximizing Anomaly Detection Performance in Next-Generation Networks

The paper discusses major components of the proposed intrusion detection system as well as associated ideas. Dimensionality reduction solutions are highly valued for their potential to improve the efficiency of anomaly detection. Furthermore, feature selection and fusion methods are applied to optimise the system's capabilities. The following summary of network control, management, and cloud-based network processing aspects highlights operations managers, cloud resources, network function virtualization (NFV), and hardware and software components. We discuss prospective Deep Autoencoders (DAEs) applications, such as their use in the dimensionality reduction module, training methodologies, and benefits. Data transformation utilising coded representations is also graphically displayed and described in the text using an encoder and decoder system. The role of the anomaly detection via virtual network function in the suggested technique is also investigated. This component leverages a deep neural network (DNN) to identify anomalies in the 5G network's peripherals. DNN design issues, optimisation methodologies, and the trade-off between model complexity and detection efficacy are also discussed. Overall, the passage provides an overview of the proposed intrusion detection scheme, its components, and the techniques employed, underscoring their contributions to improving efficiency, accuracy, and security in Next Generation Networks.

The biocreativity of intuitions, young planets with humans; imprinting, homosexuality, sexual abuse, stuttering and autism

The human body contains a second component that we call bioenergeme (BEG) and a third virtual or temporary component that we call biointerfaceme. For BEG research, the way in which it establishes bioenergemal (BEL; relating to BEG) communication with other BEGs (personal components of organized BEL energy) forms the main procedure that has enabled us to clarify that when the human or other organism body biocollapses (dies), the BEG detaches and passes from the biomaterial universe (BML; three-dimensional) in which we find ourselves to the BEL universe (possible fifth dimension), to which all BEGs of all biospecies arrive. For this, we assume that the BEG, together with the biointerfaceme, pass through the biointerfacemal universe (BIFL; fourth dimension) where the BEG detaches from it before entering the BEL universe. The set of universes BML, BIFL and BEL form what we call the unit universe (UU) [Ints 03/15/2023]. The BEL communication between BEGs and the bio-exchange of innumerable intuitions form a BEL set or bioset that, because it is so frequent, repetitive and forceful, acquires an undeniable and essential relevance. Ignoring this set, collective or intuitional network has been the rule in the history of terrestrial humanity, but now we are in a position to accept, study and know its implications, degree of influence and BEL participation in the UU. Trying to answer, among others, questions like: What properties does this intuitional set have? What BEL functions does it have? And, how does it participate in the multiple BEL interactions, innovations, transformations and creativity of the various BEL systems, ecosystems and environments of the UU?5-6 Through the Innovative BEL Instrument, and with the support of Linus Pauling and Stephen Hawking, we were able to substantiate that the history of sexual and gender abuse, in 100 women and 100 men, all of them completely homosexual, is more frequent than is supposed, leaving a permanent homosexual imprinting. Likewise, sexual abuse of babies can affect the natural learning of language, leaving the imprinting of stuttering and even altering social relationships and the physical-emotional development that the boy or girl would have to present, causing the imprinting of autism. The BEG is also damaged, leaving at least the three anomalous imprintings described [Ints 03/19/2023].

Development of an intelligent decision-making system to support scientific and industrial formations VPN connections

The development of information systems to ensure the safe coordination of information flows in scientific and industrial clusters makes it possible to automate a number of tasks aimed at increasing the cooperative interaction productivity. The use of existing traffic encapsulation solutions or the new client-server algorithms development for network interaction affects the decision-making component for managing the TCP/IP structure, authorization of subjects, and support for correct load distribution. At the moment, most VPN servers do not have the specified functionality, which does not allow integrating solutions into existing scientific and industrial clusters. As the main solution, a flexible decision support system is proposed that takes into account all aspects of the virtual tunnel software component. The proposed solution is based on the use of complex methods for assessing the software modules state to make decisions on changing the operation of functional modules. The development result of the proposed system and the conducted functional testing made it possible to automate the operation of VPN tunnels when working with a complex network interaction structure.

Bioenergemal links, placebo effect, ageing and biocollapse

In addition to biomatter, the human body includes a bioenergeme (personal component of organized bioenergemal energy; BEG) and also a possible third virtual (temporary, potential) component as well or biointerfaceme. From my experience regarding bioenergemal communication (BELC, relative to the BEG) practice with BEGs that are either at the BEL universe (where the BEGs arrive after the body biocollapses, dies) or at the biomaterial (BML) universe (space-time), it is possible to biocommunicate with human BEGs regarding topics of mutual interest. Of course, any BEG can establish BELC from the BEL universe to any BEG at the BML universe and vice versa or between themselves there or here. In the biodialogue that we establish through any relaxation validated technique, the bioimage of a BEG would be a living and acting virtual biointerfaceme, just like the rest of bioimages that are formed during it or in dreams.1 The biomatter is not essential to live, the bioenergeme (BEG), of course, continues to live without it. Fever, for example, is systemic and affects the biointeraction and balance between the body and the BEG. The body performs as a particle (the incalculable dimensions of the BML universe place it this way), the BEG behaves as a wave, giving rise to a wave-particle quantum duality. Consequently, the BEG provides and preserves life –based on biomatter in the BML and biointerfacemal (BIFL) universes– in each and every one of the components or biotagonists of the unit universe (UU), including all scales. The gravitational collapse determines the end of the cosmic bodies and propitiates the formation of other structures of the cosmos; the human biocollapse releases the BEG to join the BEL universe, while in the BML universe the corpse disintegrates. The parallelism between gravitational collapse of cosmic components and biocollapse of terrestrial organisms is not only admissible, but could not occur otherwise.

Control Systems for Low-Inertia Power Grids: A Survey on Virtual Power Plants

Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) have emerged as a modern real-time energy management architecture that seeks to synergistically coordinate an aggregation of renewable and non-renewable generation systems to overcome some of the fundamental limitations of traditional power grids dominated by synchronous machines. In this survey paper, we review the different existing and emerging feedback control mechanisms and architectures used for the real-time operation of VPPs. In contrast to other works that have mostly focused on the optimal dispatch and economical aspects of VPPs in the hourly and daily time scales, in this paper we focus on the dynamic nature of the system during the faster sub-hourly time scales. The virtual (i.e., software-based) component of a VPP, combined with the power plant (i.e., physics-based) components of the power grid, make VPPs prominent examples of cyber-physical systems, where both continuous-time and discrete-time dynamics play critical roles in the stability and transient properties of the system. We elaborate on this interpretation of VPPs as hybrid dynamical systems, and we further discuss open research problems and potential research directions in feedback control systems that could contribute to the safe development and deployment of autonomous VPPs.

Integrating artificial intelligence in cyber security for cyber-physical systems

<abstract><p>Due to the complexities of systems thinking and the communication between independent Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) areas through accumulative expansion, several security threats are posed, such as deception of channels for information sharing, hardware aspects and virtual machines. CPSs have become increasingly complex, sophisticated, knowledgeable and fully independent. Because of their complex interactions between heterogeneous virtual and objective components, CPSs are subject to significant disturbances from intended and unintended events, making it extremely difficult for scientists to predict their behavior. This paper proposes a framework for Cyber-Physical Business Systems based on Artificial Intelligence (CPBS-AI). It summarizes several safety risks in distinct CPS levels, their threat modeling and the scientific challenges they face in building effective security solutions. This research provides a thorough overview of current state-of-the-art static capable of adapting detection and tracking approaches and their methodological limitations, namely, the difficulty of identifying runtime security attacks caused by hibernation or uncertainty. The way of identifying the threat and the security attacks in networks reduce the complexities in the communication in CPS. The negligible threats exhibit an inability to be identified, avoided and blocked by Intrusion Prevention Security Systems (IPSSs), and misbehavior in the database of the safety measures is analyzed. Neural Networks (NN) and Variable Structure Control (VSC) are designed to estimate attacks and prevent the risk of threats in tracking applications using a nonlinear monitoring system based on VSC. NN and the VSC evaluate the different attacks based on the nonlinear monitoring system. The evaluation of the proposed CPBS-AI is based on the request time analysis, accuracy, loss and reliability analysis. The overall effectiveness of the system is about 96.01%.</p></abstract>

MODERN AESTHETIC EDUCATION: CURRENT PROBLEMS AND MAIN TRENDS

The article discusses the main problems and trends in the development of modern aesthetic education in Russia. It is noted that Russian aesthetic education is currently undergoing a number of positive innovative transformations associated with the processes of strengthening the virtual component in artistic culture and the social sphere. A number of scientific events, such as international conferences and the Russian Aesthetic Congress, held over the past five years, have served as an active incentive for the development of theoretical and practical aesthetics and aesthetic education. The current trends of modern aesthetics are identified: neuroesthetics, cultural aesthetics, environmental aesthetics, somaesthetics and synesthetic area, which have a stimulating effect on the development of aesthetic education. The special role and prospects of using synesthetic methodologies in modern aesthetics and aesthetic education are indicated, since in the conditions of digitalization of culture, synesthesia as a phenomenon of nonverbal associative thinking becomes one of the main means of preserving the integrity of world perception, an important method of developing flexibility of thinking and the ability of imagination.

오픈 플랫폼 호환 지능형 IoT 컴포넌트 자동 생성 도구

As IoT applications that provide AI services increase, various hardware and software that support autonomous learning and inference are being developed. However, as the characteristics and constraints of each hardware increase difficulties in developing IoT applications, the development of an integrated platform is required. In this paper, we propose a tool for automatically generating components based on artificial neural networks and spiking neural networks as well as IoT technologies to be compatible with open platforms. The proposed component automatic generation tool supports the creation of components considering the characteristics of various hardware devices through the virtual component layer of IoT and AI and enables automatic application to open platforms.

Latency and sampling compensation in mixed-reality-in-the-loop simulations of production systems

X-in-the-Loop Simulation methods (Model-in-the-Loop, Software-in-the-Loop and Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation) enable the virtual commissioning of production systems in the mechatronic development process by coupling control systems and digital twins. Mixed-Reality-in-the-Loop Simulations (MRiLS) extend this principle with Mixed Reality visualisation technologies to enhance the visual fusion of reality (e.g., real environment and human) and virtuality (digital twins), opening up a simulation loop in the reality-virtuality continuum with novel application potentials e.g., from development, training to maintenance. A major challenge in MRiLS is the positioning error of actuated real-data driven virtual components caused by latency and sampling processes between the industrial control system and the Mixed Reality device which significantly limits the application scope. To reduce this error, the paper proposes a compensation method that synchronises the Mixed Reality device to the stable time base of the control system and integrates a predictive positioning of virtual components. A software-based synchronisation method is presented, which allows the online estimation of the End-to-End latency between the control cycle and the visualisation. For prediction, interpolating and approximating section-wise defined polynomials are analysed. The error reduction by applying the compensation method is shown in a realisation example of a virtual gripper linked to a real robot kinematics.