Violent Video Research Articles

Drama’s Violent Scenes and Their Social Impact on Egyptian Youth

This study aims to provide quantitative monitoring of violent scenes in movies and series, and to what extent they are used for commercial purposes, as well as their social effects. The study relies on Robin and Kim's model of uses and effects, which is that utilitarian motives for the use of media content and activity patterns that support communicative effects will be positively related to the effects of this content, while ritual motives and patterns of activity obstructing communicative effects will be negatively related to the effects of this content. The survey method was used. The questionnaire was applied to 400 respondents. The field study found that the percentage of watching movies and series on satellite channels has increased on a permanent and regular basis, and the percentage of females who watch movies and series on a permanent basis has increased more than males. The percentage of watching scenes of violence and crime in movies and series has also increased on a permanent and regular basis, and it is worth noting that all subjects of the sample watch those scenes, even if they differ in the extent of viewing. The motive related to the fact that scenes of violence and crime in movies and series are more realistic, provided the motives that expose the respondents to scenes of violence and crime, then the audacity to address them, then the respondents' passion and love to follow crime events as presented by films and series. The results of the field study showed that the most societal effects of witnessing scenes of violence and crime were represented in “individuals behaving as if they are in a forest without respect for social controls and laws,” and then “restoring the right and supporting the oppressed does not take place by law, but I must take my right myself and by force away. About the government”, then “crime of all kinds is on the rise in Egyptian society”, then “marital infidelity and illegal relations are prevalent in Egyptian society and are justified, and that theft is the most appropriate and fastest solution to solve my economic problems.” Keywords: Egyptian Drama; Violence and Crime; Uses and Effects.

Detection of Violent Behavior Using Neural Networks and Pose Estimation

Regarding safety and security, felonies and crimes with physical violence remain a significant problem worldwide. Some solutions for pedestrian safety are guards, police car patrolling, sensors, and security cameras. Nonetheless, these methods react only when the crime takes place. In the worst cases, the damage may be irreversible when it has already occurred. Therefore, numerous methods based on Artificial Intelligence have been proposed to solve this problem. Many approaches to detect violent behavior and action recognition rely on 3D convolutional neural networks (3D-CNNs), spatio-temporal models, long short-term memory networks, pose estimation, among other implementations. However, these approaches work in a limited fashion and have not been adapted to uncontrolled environments. Thus, a significant contribution from this work is the development of an innovative solution model capable of detecting violent behavior. This approach focuses on pedestrian detection, tracking, pose estimation, and neural networks to predict pedestrian behavior in video frames. Our proposal uses a time window frame to extract joint angles, given by the pose estimation algorithm, as features for classifying behavior. Another significant contribution of this work is the creation of a new database, Kranok-NV, with a total of 3,683 normal and violent videos. This database was used to train and test the solution model. For the evaluation, we designed a protocol using 10-fold cross-validation. We obtained an accuracy slightly above 98% on the Kranok-NV database with the implemented solution model. Although the proposed solution model detects violent and normal behavior, it can be easily extended to classify other types of behavior.

ВИДЕОИГРЫ И АГРЕССИЯ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ

Background. Information technologies are developing intensively now. Problems related to their impact on human mental development are becoming relevant. Th e researchers are interested in one of the particular issues that is the interrelation between video games and aggression. Additionally, the researchers admit the inconsistency of the obtained results and the need for more comprehensive consideration of the problem. Objective. To determine the specifi cities of the problem elaboration related to the interrelation between interest in video games and aggressive tendencies in the context of the topics it is refl ected in. Methods. Th is review is based on the material of the articles indexed in Scopus. Data were collected and analyzed using the data analysis tools from online platforms Scopus and SciVal. Results. A general characterization of the articles, that are consistent with the link between interest in video games and aggression, is presented. Th e following topics were identifi ed as those that represent this link in the most detail: “Media Violence; Video Games; Aggression”, «Internet Use; Addiction; Gaming”, “Online Games; Avatar; Gaming”, “Cyberbullying; Crime Victims; Participant Roles”, “Portrayal; Stereotypy; Media Representations”. A detailed analysis of the articles, that refl ect the considered issue in the context of these topics, is presented.

Who finds media violence funny? Testing the effects of media violence exposure and dark personality traits.

Who finds media violence funny? Testing the effects of media violence exposure and dark personality traits.

Desensitization and Violent Video Games: Mechanisms and Evidence.

Desensitization, the reduction of cognitive, emotional, and/or behavioral responses to a stimulus, is an automatic and unconscious phenomenon often experienced in everyday life. Exposure to violent media, especially violent video games, may cause desensitization to real-life violence. Desensitization to violence blocks empathy which is needed to trigger the moral reasoning process that triggers prosocial responding. Representative research was reviewed to examine links between exposure to violent video games and desensitization to violence in children and adolescents. It was concluded that exposure to violent video games increases the risk of desensitization to violence, which in turn may increase aggression and decrease prosocial behavior. Parents should be counseled to discuss the differences between real and screen violence, to encourage nonviolent problem-solving, and to provide empathy-building experiences for their children.

The Relationship between Violent Media Consumption and Self-Reported Aggression in Adolescent Boys

The Relationship between Violent Media Consumption and Self-Reported Aggression in Adolescent Boys

Supplemental Material for Further Tests of the Media Violence–Aggression Link: Replication and Extension of the 7 Nations Project With Multiple Latinx Samples

Supplemental Material for Further Tests of the Media Violence–Aggression Link: Replication and Extension of the 7 Nations Project With Multiple Latinx Samples

A Skeleton-based Approach for Campus Violence Detection

In this paper, we propose a skeleton-based method to identify violence and aggressive behavior. The approach does not necessitate high-processing equipment and it can be quickly implemented. Our approach consists of two phases: feature extraction from image sequences to assess a human posture, followed by activity classification applying a neural network to identify whether the frames include aggressive situations and violence. A video violence dataset of 400 min comprising a single person's activities and 20 h of video data including physical violence and aggressive acts, and 13 classifications for distinguishing aggressor and victim behavior were generated. Finally, the proposed method was trained and tested using the collected dataset. The results indicate the accuracy of 97% was achieved in identifying aggressive conduct in video sequences. Furthermore, the obtained results show that the proposed method can detect aggressive behavior and violence in a short period of time and is accessible for real-world applications.

The Mass Media and Gender-Based Violence in Imo State, Nigeria: A Critical Analysis

The study examined the mass media and gender base violence in Imo State. The investigation was anchored on the agenda setting and social network theories. The survey method was adopted for the study, while the sample size of 385 was drawn from a population of 5,408,756, using the Australian sample size calculator. The multistage sampling technique was adopted using questionnaire as the instrument of data collection. The researcher used simple percentages and mean analysis for the statistical analysis of data. Findings revealed that the extent to which residents of Imo State are exposed to media reports and programmes on gender-based violence is high at 44%. Analysis also revealed that, at a mean average of 3.5 (N=379), the knowledge level of residents on gender-based violence is high. It was also revealed that, at an average mean of 3.5 (N=379), media programmes and reports have been able to induce perceptive/attitudinal change on gender-based violence positively. This is so because the respondents perceive the menace or act as a threat to human, family, societal and national development. The study further revealed that adequate awareness campaigns, enlightening programme, media programmes/reports on the need for the abolition of harmful social practices were the factors that can aid media efforts in actualizing perceptive/attitudinal change on gender base violence. The researcher recommended that more media programmes aimed at discouraging all forms of violence against women should be put in place by both the state government and non-governmental organisations.

Emotion Recognition and Inhibitory Control in Adolescent Players of Violent Video Games.

Developmental changes during adolescence may make youth susceptible to violent media effects. Two studies with male adolescents (N1 = 241; N2 = 161; aged 12-17) examined how habitual and short-term violent video gaming may affect emotion recognition and inhibitory control. We found that not habitual exposure to violent video games, but to antisocial media content predicted worse emotion recognition. Furthermore, higher habitual exposure to violent games predicted better inhibitory control over emotional stimuli in a stop signal task. However, short-term causal effects of violent gameplay on adolescents were not found. While these results do not indicate a negative impact of violent video games on young players, future research may further investigate possible effects of antisocial media content on adolescents.

The legacy of A Clockwork Orange in The Great Ecstasy of Robert Carmichael (Thomas Clay, 2005) and Bronson (Nicolas Winding Refn, 2009): ‘all form and no content’?

This article considers the legacy and influence of Stanley Kubrick’s A Clockwork Orange (1971) in contemporary cinema. Kubrick’s film received criticism on its release for the director’s supposed excessive attention to form at the expense of content (what some termed the ‘aestheticization of violence’). Two recent directors that have frequently been compared to Kubrick, Thomas Clay and Nicholas Winding Refn, have similarly been criticised for their aestheticization of violence in their films. Drawing upon news clippings of film reviews, the article compares Clay’s The Great Ecstasy of Robert Carmichael (2005) and Refn’s Bronson (2009) to Kubrick’s A Clockwork Orange to consider how the media discourse surrounding Kubrick’s film continues to inform contemporary criticism of violence in film. The article addresses the reception of these films through the prism of the form vs content dichotomy initiated by Kubrick himself. Archival material in the Stanley Kubrick Archive relating to the reception of Kubrick’s film is used to support a comparative approach and show that the accusations aimed at the imitators of Kubrick continue a debate that actually started with A Clockwork Orange itself.

Potential Moderator between Violent Video Games, Prosocial Media Violence and Aggressive Behaviours: Systematic Literature Review

As media popularizes, it poses varied effects on well-being. Gaming and watching superhero movies especially with violent content are designed to simulate real-life violence. Hence, this exposes children to online harm, which can negatively impact their well-being and safety. Unfortunately, previous researches have yet to provide evidence of potential moderators between violent video games, prosocial media violence and aggressive behaviours. The current study attempts to present a systematic review of all the relevant literature to fulfil the gap in the existing research. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used to review the current research on major journal databases, mainly Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Sage Pub and Springer. The study resulted in a total of 10 articles that can be analysed systematically. Most importantly, the review managed to identify significant moderators between violent video games, prosocial violent media and aggressive behaviours. As a result, thematic analyses formulated two categories known as Intrinsic Moderators (InM) and Extrinsic Moderators (ExM). Hence, a few recommendations and suggestions were shared at the end of this research for references of future scholars.

A Content Analysis of American Primetime Television: A 20-Year Update of the National Television Violence Studies

AbstractThis article provides a 20-year, apples-to-apples update of the National Television Violence Studies. Using the same sampling procedures and codebook, we coded 765 primetime television programs and movies airing on 21 broadcast and cable networks. Results suggest the prevalence of violence has increased slightly, but the number of programs saturated with violence has experienced a more significant increase. This appears to be driven by an influx of highly violent movies airing in primetime on cable channels. Although some contextual variables suggest slight improvements in terms of negative consequences for violence, the overwhelming majority of violent television programs and movies do not feature anti-violence themes. Implications for social cognitive, cultivation, schema, transportation, and media vividness theories are discussed.

A qualitative study of early adolescents’ critical thinking about the content and consequences of media violence.

Research shows that young people are likely to encounter considerable amounts of violence in the media they use. Some of those depictions trivialize the severity of violence. Past studies show that media literacy education can spur critical thinking regarding violent portrayals in media texts. But rarely do prior studies employ qualitative methods to understand how young media audience members reason through the key question of whether media violence is either surprising or concerning. In the current study, an in-school media literacy program is offered to 48 6th graders who provide data in the form of written responses to a number of critical thinking prompts applied to media texts containing violence. The findings suggest that although most members of the sample readily noticed violent depictions in media texts and could critique the manner in which violence is depicted, relatively few expressed either surprise or concern about those depictions.

Violent Thresholds

Abstract This article adopts the category of the cinematic baroque not as a marker of the culturally low, but as a tool of film-philosophical analysis to examine how Pascal Laugier's Martyrs (2008) probes limits of representation and spectatorial experience. I approach the ambivalent functions of bodily, architectural, and filmic thresholds that simultaneously mediate containment and transgression. In this vein, I read the excesses of cinematic violence in Martyrs using Saige Walton's phenomenological model of “baroque flesh” in dialogue with theories of enfolded structures of affective intensity that resist “teleological spectatorship.” Drawing these distinct perspectives together, I consider the visual and aural strategies deployed in Martyrs—from the home invasion to the “screaming point”—to examine the formal characteristics of this film's treatment of screened violence.

Медиаагрессия и её воздействие на аудиторию

This article is devoted to the representation of violence in modern media, in particular — to the features that are inherent in such materials, and also examines the impact of violence in journalistic materials on the audience that consumes the content. The media, as an institution of mass communication, has several basic functions, which are both derived from the needs of society and based on the interests of a particular member of society. At the moment, the attention of many researchers is closely drawn to the influence of the content of various media on the audience, the formation of the perception of individual individuals. Scientists have proven that one of the things that attracts a person is violence, because the audience is interested in «bad» news, watches crime reports. But media violence is still one of the stumbling blocks in contemporary discourse. In the article, we will consider what features are inherent in materials covering cruelty in general and crimes in particular, identify the level of influence of consumed content on the formation of individual characteristics, and also analyze a number of aggressive behavior of the audience depending on the materials

Representation of violence value in Joker Film

The Joker film aired in Indonesia on October 2, 2019. This film was widely discussed by the audience and succeeded in bringing the audience into the atmosphere of the film. This is because the problems that are taken often occur in the life of the general public. This film tells the story of Arthur aka Joker, whose life is filled with sadness, cheating, injustice as a lower middle-class citizen so that he is treated inappropriately by society and his family. Everything that happened to him resulted in the victim becoming the perpetrator of violence. Researchers are interested in analyzing the Joker film more deeply, and this is because the shows in the film contain violence that can trigger various physical and mental conditions such as aggressive behaviour, violent behaviour, bullying, fear, depression and nightmares for those who watch it. The purpose of this research is to find out how the representation of violence in the Joker film viewed from the Semiotics of Roland Barths to determine a meaning using the concepts of denotation, connotation, and myths taken from several scenes that represent the value of violence in the Joker film. The findings from the results of this study indicate that there are 16 scenes that present violence. The violence is in the form of physical violence, psychological violence, financial violence, functional violence, and rational violence. The Joker film shows that perpetrators of violence still often occur in life, even victims can become perpetrators of what happened to them. Often times people think this is normal because not everyone understands the importance of humanity and justice for others.

Personality and frustration predict aggression and anger following violent media

ABSTRACT The General Aggression Model is one of the major frameworks that studies use to conceptualise the relationship between violent video games and aggression. Although commonly used, this model incorporates important personological and media characteristics into its formulation at a minimal level. As such, the purpose of the current research was to investigate the effect of four media types (violent video game, non-violent video game, violent book, and violent television show) on state anger and behavioural aggression. Analysis revealed no differences in state anger and behavioural aggression between the four media types. Regression analysis suggests that individuals with higher levels of impulsivity, increased emotional reactivity to the media, and frustration with the content of the media are more likely to have a higher state anger response to media exposure. Behavioural aggression was higher for those participants less disturbed by the media and with higher trait anger. Overall, these results suggest that personality and frustration are better predictors of anger and aggression in the context of media exposure. Implications for models of media aggression (such as the Immersive Media Prediction model) and future research are discussed.

The contribution of face-to-face and embedded mediation to early childhood aggression after watching violent media content.

The contribution of face-to-face and embedded mediation to early childhood aggression after watching violent media content.

The Urgency of Regulation in the Case of Online Gender-Based Violence in Indonesia

The National women's commission 2020 Annual Notes noted a new type of violence against gender, namely cyber-based or online gender violence. These cases of violence have continued to increase over the past six years, an increase of 300% in Online Gender-Based Violence (OGBV) compared to the 2019. The OGBV case was found on various popular social media platforms. The most common incidents occurred on Facebook, where 39% of women experienced harassment. This figure is then followed by Instagram (23%), Whatsapp (14%), Snapchat (10%), Twitter (9%), and TikTok (6%). This study uses a quantitative approach. The data collection technique used was the survey data collection technique with the self-administered questionnaire method. The number of respon­dents are 109 respondents. The result of this study is that online gender-based violence is influenced by two factors, namely regulatory factors that are still unable to protect women in social media and social factors that have been cultured. There is a perspective that views women as having a weaker position than men. These two factors are the most significant in promoting online gender-based violence in Indonesia. Based on this study's results, the authors recommend the government immediately issue regulations regulating violence against women, especially violence in online media.