Villages Of Ukraine Research Articles

Personal Features and Their Impact on an Individual’s Hardiness

Hardiness characterizes the degree of formation the ability to withstand a stressful situation, maintain internal balance, without reducing the success of activities and is the foundation of personal characteristics. The purpose of the study is to identify personal resources and determine their impact on hardiness. Methods of the research. The following methods were used to identify personal resources and determine their impact on hardiness: Maddi’s Hardiness Scale; Shostrom’s Personal Orientation Inventory; Sheldon’s Self Determination Scale; Crumbaugh Purpose in Life Test; Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-being; Wiesbaden Inventory for Positive Psychotherapy and Family Therapy. The sample of our study consisted of 807 people, aged from 14 to 70 years, different in terms of education, professional employment, specialty, family and social status and from different cities and villages of Ukraine. The results of the research. It was investigated that the values of the hardiness indicators components are expressed at an average level and are within the normal range. The average level of hardiness (68.2%) prevails among the respondents. It has been found that the hardiness predictors are meaningfulness of life, autonomy, self-acceptance and self-confidence. We established the relationship between hardiness and personal resources, which include primary and secondary abilities, using the correlation analysis. All components of hardiness have been shown to correlate with primary capacities such as time, contact, trust, hope, sexuality, and love. Diligence, reliability and thrift are influential among the secondary abilities. Conclusions. The analysis of personal resources proves that meaningful life goals are the resource for the hardiness development. The components of hardiness are related to self-determination, self-organization, psychological wellbeing, and the reality and awareness of life goals. The leading role in the hardiness development belongs to personal resources. The resources that influence hardiness are determined using variance analysis: love, contacts, hope and trust.

THE HARDINESS AS A RESOURCE OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STABILITY

The article analyzes the results of the study of the hardiness and its relationships with the personal resources. Personal resources, as intrapersonal qualities of a person, contribute to smoothing out contradictions between the individual and the living environment, overcoming adverse external circumstances with the help of the transformation of the value-meaning sphere of the individual, which sets the vector of its direction, the basis for self-realization. A separate role is given to the resources of psychological stability, which are the result of certain dynamics of the life situation and factors affecting the further success and efficiency of life activities. Such a resource of psychological stability as hardiness provides adaptation to external circumstances, the ability to cope with stress and life’s troubles. We used The Wiesbaden Questionnaire of the Positive Psychotherapy and Family Psychotherapy Method (WIPPF) and the Maddi Test of Hardiness to determine the psychological factors of resilience. The empirical study was conducted during 2020-2022. 1,075 people of different education levels, professional employment, professions, family and social statuses, income levels and from different cities and villages of Ukraine took part in the study. We used the Pearson correlation coefficient to measure the statistical relationship between hardiness and personal abilities. The personal resources include primary and secondary abilities, which were determined using the Wiesbaden questionnaire. As a result of our research, we found that personal resources are a powerful resource for the development of a person’s level of hardiness. However, not all people are ready and able to cope with difficulties. The reason for this may be a lack of experience in overcoming life’s difficulties or a lack of personal resources. In our opinion, the main reason that enables a person to survive difficult life situations is a personal resource. It has been established that personal resources play a significant role in the formation and development of hardiness. The most pronounced relationships of hardiness were found with almost all primary relevant abilities. It was found that love has the greatest influence on predicting the hardiness indicator. It was determined that the factors that have a positive effect on hardiness are primary and secondary abilities: hope, trust and contacts. Further research will be aimed at studying the components of the internal resources of the individual to expand the limits of practical influence on development and increase the level of hardiness in wartime conditions.

The informational phenomenon of trees and biomorphism

The article analyzes the phenomenon of information exchange of trees and shows the productive role of nature in urban revitalization. Based on the EDEN Project, the potential of mental maps of the city, taking into account natural objects, was revealed. The specificity and significant sociocultural influence on the human worldview of the historically composed mytho-archetypes of the tree, their sacred and artistic images, aspects of dendrology under the auspices of biomorphic urbanism as an innovative philosophy of our days are determined. The fact of the existence of cognitive-communicative functions of nature determines the further transformation of the human worldview from the perception of nature as an eternal object of subjugation to the modern perception of it as an equal anthropomorphic subject. The topic is especially relevant in the field of post-war urban development. It is shown that the restoration of European cities, destroyed during the Second World War, took place in the unity of the revitalization of urban architecture and living nature, and harmonious development today is possible precisely thanks to such unity. The statistics of the destruction of natural objects during the period of the current Russian-Ukrainian war are presented. An overview of the facts of restoration, preservation and multiplication of natural zones in the de-occupied cities and villages of Ukraine - a symbol of the invincible spirit of Ukrainians - was made.

Проблеми сторичної географії, топоніміки та краєзнавства в роботі теоретичного семінару з джерелознавства та спеціяльних (допоміжних) історичних дисциплін при ЦДІА України у м. Львові

The source study and special (auxiliary) historical disciplines theoretical seminar in State Central Historical Archives of Ukrainian SSR in Lviv was held in the 1960s and 1980s. A wide range of issues related to the study of these disciplines, as well as general historical issues were considered at its regular meetings. There was given an important place in his work to reports on historical geography, toponymy and local history. The interest in these disciplines was both academic and practical characters, because at that time the officals took a course to prepare a serial of publications on the history of cities and villages of Ukraine. We could point among the participants of the Seminar, whose scientific reports concerned certain issues of historical geography, toponymics and local lore, the name some scientists of Ivan Franko Lviv State University, in particular philiologists Jevgenija Posatska-Chernyakhivska and Olga Ripetska , historian Jaroslav Kis, geographer Bohdan Dumin, the name some scientists of the Institute of Social Sciences (Instytut Suspilnych nauk) professor Ivan Krypyakevych and Jaroslav Isayevych, the name archivist Oleh Kupchynsky, amateur local historians Josyp Gronskyj and Hrygoryj Smolskyj. Thematically their reports and informations mainly concerned the territory of the Ukrainian West. They also tried to determine the place of historical geography and toponymics in the system of scientific knowledge, developed theoretical issues of classification of geographical names and principles of etymology of toponyms, studied methods and sources for studying toponyms, the etymology of individual toponyms et cet. A lot of this work has not lost its scientific significance to this day. The special interest in these disciplines among the participants of the Seminar dates back to the first half of the 1960s – one of the most fruitful periods in its activities. But over time this interes was subsides. According to our assumption, the reasons for it was the progressive withdrawal from work at the Seminar prof. I. Krypyakevych who has been one of creators of this Seminar. Another reason was the growth of participants ’attention to other historical disciplines, first of all to archival science and theoretical and practical source studies, the increase the number of meetings of the Seminar which were held before the soviet anniversaries, etc. Nevertheless, in the second half of the 1960s and in the early 1970s, reports and informations on historical geography, toponymics and local history continued to appear in the programs of the Seminar once in a while, primarily due to the activity of a number of amateur local historians and to the some archivists. The experience gained by the participants of the Seminar was not in vain and allowed to continue the traditions of such studies during the independence of Ukraine.

Criminal actions during the holodomor of 1932–1933 as genocide of the ukrainian people

The purpose of the article is to study a horrific event that completely changed the course of history and today has a diverse impact on millions of people around the world. The methodological basis of the study is the use of general scientific methods: the method of theoretical generalization of the criteria of genocide – to destroy in whole or in part any national, ethnic, racial or religious group. The analysis of documents and materials that left eyewitnesses of those events was also applied. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is that the main negative tendencies of the cause of the mechanism of genocide as a way of organized destruction of the Ukrainian people are revealed. The article studies the development trends of the Ukrainian tragedy of 1932– 1933. The study is based on information from the Institute of Demography and Social Research, the examination of which provided data on the loss of the population of Ukraine within the then USSR. The study made it possible to determine that the Holodomor is the greatest tragedy in the history of Ukraine, the most serious crime ever committed against our people. Conclusions. It was found that in the vast majority of cities and villages of Ukraine died of hunger and cold, whole villages and towns died. Predatory grain procurement was carried out quickly, churches were closed and destroyed. The then authorities carried out a «cleansing» of the Ukrainian intelligentsia. Humanity, Ukrainian society, young people have no right to forget the greatest tragedy of the twentieth century. Keywords: Holodomor, memory, collectivization, Ukrainian SSR, genocide.

Stop the War! Europeans, Homes, Kindergartens, Hospitals, Universities, and Global Science Are under the Missiles!

5:00 a.m. of February 24, 2022… The citizens of peacefully sleeping Kyiv woke up from several powerful explosions. Russia insidiously attacked our beloved capital, flashed in our heads. The announced USA intelligence data published in recent reports turned out to be true, we thought. Quick internet news search revealed that similar explosions happened in other cities and villages of Ukraine―a European country with more than 40 million of citizens. Large-scale invasion of Russian troops and missile attacks, which were warned by world intelligence, began. Breaking news reported the invasion noted from the multiple border sides―the territory of Belarus, Russia, and temporary occupied Crimean peninsula. The multiple deaths of civilians, children, and the military, the shelling of hospitals, kindergartens, multi-storey residential buildings, and missile strikes on critical infrastructure are not a complete list of all Russian war crimes against humanity which have been recorded during the last five days of February. And today, at evening of February 28, 2022, we are noticing how the life of all Ukrainians is changed forever. Five days of military resistance of our phenomenally brave Ukrainian defense forces against Russian occupants clearly showed the enemy how strong is the spirit of Ukrainians and the state political apparatus. International support of Ukraine and sanctions being imposed on Russia by civilized countries continues to grow making a significant pressure on Russian Federation to stop the war.

TO THE QUESTION OF GEOMETRIC MODELING OF ORGANIZATIONAL CLUSTER STRUCTURES IN ORTHODOXY

The current stage of development of our state is characterized by a return to the Christian worldview after many years of forced atheism. Therefore, in many cities and villages of Ukraine, temples and monasteries are being revived, religious buildings and monuments are being intensively repaired, reconstructed and built, and places of pilgrimage are being arranged, and so on. At the same time, there are significant socio-economic changes, in particular, new market conditions, land, medical and educational reforms, decentralization of public administration, etc. These facts emphasize the high spiritual and material dynamism of today's life. Its complexity is increasing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the armed conflict with Russia and other common points. In addition, everyone usually has personal problems.
 The Orthodox Christian religion has always proclaimed love for one's neighbor as a great moral value. Various human activities, including the above, are characterized by the widespread use of information technologies. In many cases, one of the foundations of which is computer graphics. The advantage of geometric models compared to analytical ones is their simplicity, clarity, ease of use. The development of new mathematical tools, which are aimed at the effective practical implementation of spiritual activities among the population, is a godly task. On this basis, the selected topic can be considered quite relevant.
 The main purpose of this publication is to highlight the proposed methodology for the automated reproduction of organizational cluster structures in Orthodoxy. The obtained scientific applied achievements represent a developed approach to modeling church management and related religious territorial Christian communities in the form of dioceses and parishes. On the basis of the given strategy new complex geometrical models for optimization of activity of orthodox churches are constructed. This concerns the more rational placement of temples and chapels, the definition of the proper boundaries of parishes and dioceses, the determination of the need for their unification or liquidation, the establishment of new ones, and so on. The paper outlines the prospects for the necessary further research.

DESIGNING THE ARCHITECTURE OF KINDERGARTENS WITH THE INCLUSION OF CIVIL DEFENSE FACILITIES (BOMB SHELTERS)

The problem, which project designers did not think about for a long time, broke into our peaceful life in the early morning of February 24, 2022. On the way of the enemy’s movement, in the cities and villages of Ukraine, people faced the same problem – the pervasive absence of bomb shelters. Based on world experience, there is an urgent need to start building civil defense facilities in Ukraine as soon as possible. As today’s war has shown, the aggressor mostly poured out his fury on civilian infrastructure objects. His attention was especially focused on the buildings intended for the most vulnerable segments of our society: kindergartens, hospitals, orphanages, maternity homes, etc. The students of the current year of study were given the task within the course design of a small kindergarten to propose a solution to the design problem: to think about the object’s location; concealing it from the enemy; availability amidst extreme evacuation; arrangement of a sufficient number of exits; provision of emergency communication links; operational characteristics in peacetime, etc. An effective process of brai n working on the poblem has begun. The article is illustrated with the materials of the 2022 course projects of the second-year students of the Faculty of Architecture of NAFAA: Angela Kubrak, Katya Yezhova, Liza Andrusenko, and Katya Ivanchenko.

Traditions of growing and using of plants in villages and small towns of Ukraine in the 70–80s of the XX century

Aim. The purpose of the article is to describe the traditions of growing and using plants in the villages and small towns and to highlight the range of plants that were most often planted near houses during the 1970s and 80s in Ukraine. Methods. The study was conducted in the villages of Kyiv (Rogoziv), Zhytomyr (Hardyshivka) regions, in the suburbs of Kyiv (Bilychi, Zhulyany) and Borzna (Chernihiv region) by interviewing and eyewitness based accounts. Results. The article covers the list of traditional agricultural, fruit and ornamental plants for rural areas of Ukraine during the 1970s and 80s. The names of cultivars, methods of cultivation, meaning and traditional use of the plants are given. The peculiarities of the range of cultures depending on the studied area are analyzed. Conclusions. As a result of our research, the list of plants species grown in the villages of Ukraine during the 1970s and 80s included 104 species. Ornamental and food plants that were grown and used in the villages of Ukraine during the 1970s and 80s mostly were herbaceous annuals and perennials. A significant portion of them were vegetable fruit and berry plants. Among ornamental plants, medium- and tall plants with bright flowers and (or) strong aroma became more popular and widespread. These were species and cultivars that are easily propagated by seeds and division, do not require careful care and are resistant to diseases and pests.

FEATURES OF URBAN PLANNING SOLUTIONS AND THE EVOLUTION OF SETTLEMENTS FOR DISPLACED PERSONS FROM THE CHERNOBYL ZONE

In the article, the author presents the results of her full-scale studies of the evolution of settlements for migrants from the Chernobyl zone, built in 1986-1987 of the twentieth century. Strategies and consequences of their placement, integration into the structure of existing villages, features of planning blocks, rural estates, residential and outbuildings are considered. The article analyzes the consequences of architectural and urban planning design decisions made 30 years after their implementation. Nowadays in Ukraine, there is a situation where villages and urban-type settlements urgently need to develop or update new general plans that would correspond to the present. It is known that currently there is a certain proportion of villages in Ukraine that do not have general plans at all or have them outdated. Taking into account all aspects of this problem, the results of the design, construction and evolution of villages for displaced persons from the Chernobyl zone are interesting and useful. Taking into account the tragic circumstances that led to their appearance, these villages represent a large-scale urban planning experiment in the field of rural housing construction, which represents the embodiment of the latest knowledge in the theory of village architecture in the mid-80s of the twentieth century. It was 30 years after the construction and settlement of these villages that it became possible to check the compliance of design standards with their compliance with the real needs of the village, from the standpoint of the current design standards, which are fundamentally no different from the design standards of 1986. Comparing the results of research (the study of general plans of villages of displaced persons and general plans that are being developed at the present stage), it turned out that the basis of those villages for Chernobyl victims was the main goal of socialist ideology, namely, erasing the differences between the city and the village. The author sees in modern design a similar problem, which directly leads to further degradation of the Ukrainian countryside. And nowadays, just against the background of this phenomenon, it is time for urbanists to understand the difference between a block of manor development for citizens and a rural street of a Ukrainian village.

Mortality and Alcohol as Its Cause-Comparative Characteristics of the Two Neighboring Countries: Ukraine and Poland.

This paper presents a comparative assessment of mortality in Poland and Ukraine, including due to alcohol consumption, by sex, place of residence, and age groups. Mortality from alcohol consumption is and remains one of the health problems of the state’s population. The aim of this study was to establish the difference in mortality, including due to alcohol consumption, in the two neighboring countries. The analysis was conducted in 2008 and 2018 according to statistical institutions in Poland and Ukraine. Data from the codes of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases of the 10th edition: F10, G31.2, G62.1, I42.6, K70, K86.0, and X45 were used to calculate mortality due to alcohol consumption. The share of mortality caused by alcohol consumption in Ukraine in 2008 was 3.52%, and 1.83% in 2018. At the same time, in Poland, there is an increase in this cause of death from 1.72% to 2.36%. Mortality caused by alcohol consumption is the main share of mortality in the section “Mental and behavioral disorders” in both Ukraine, at 73–74%, and Poland, at 82–92%. Changes in the mortality rate in the cities and villages of Ukraine and Poland showed different trends: Poland nated, a significant increase in mortality, while in Ukraine it has halved on average. Overall and alcohol mortality rates in both countries were higher among the male population. The analysis of mortality among people of working age showed that the highest proportion of deaths from alcohol consumption in both countries was among people aged 25–44. Despite the geographical proximity, and similarity of natural and climatic characteristics and population, mortality rates in each country reflect the difference in the medical and demographic situation, and the effectiveness of state social approaches to public health.

Тенденції економічної активності населення в сільській місцевості України

Annotation. Introduction. The implementation of measures to reform the economy as a whole, agrarian reform and, in particular, land relations in agriculture, was one of the factors influencing the change in the structure of the resident population in terms of economic activity and changes in the agricultural labor market. Analysis of the distribution of the population of Ukraine by economic activity indicates a decrease by almost one third of the number of the economically active population in 2019 compared to 2000. There is also a trend towards a decrease in the number of those employed in economic activity. Purpose. The aim of the article is exploration of employment indicators (formal and informal) and unemployment of the rural population in Ukraine and identification of the main trends. Results. It has been established that the employed rural population is less educated and, accordingly, they perform mostly unattractive types of work that do not require high qualifications. It was revealed that workers in rural settlements have fewer job opportunities at their place of residence. In villages, the number of people who are employers is almost half. The biggest problem in rural areas is self-employment or predominantly employment in private households. A sharp increase in the share of unemployed youth who cannot find a job after graduating from educational institutions has been established. The situation with regard to youth employment in the villages of Ukraine is especially difficult. It turned out that 2/3 of workers in rural areas are employed in the informal sector. Moreover, two urban residents of this sector prefer hired labor, in agriculture, on the contrary, self-employed make up 74.0%, that is, they work in a peasant farm for agricultural products. In half of the cases, informal employment is carried out in agriculture. Conclusions. The unemployed urban dweller is more educated and therefore has more advantages over the rural dweller in terms of employment. Unemployed people in cities have more opportunities to choose a job, therefore they are more active when they leave their jobs of their own accord and depend on the seasonality of their work. For 1990-2019 the average number of fulltime agricultural enterprises decreased 12.2 times due to the liquidation of agricultural enterprises. One of the reasons was the denationalization and privatization of enterprises in Ukraine, especially in rural areas, which were not supplemented by effective mechanisms for the employment of people, including by promoting the development of entrepreneurial activity.

Formation of urban planning thinking as one of the priority areas of activity of the Department of Urban Planning and Urbanism

The article covers the history of the creation and development of the Department of Urban Planning and Urbanism of the Kharkov National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture. There is a retrospective of the long-term work of the department staff timed to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the university. The interpretation of the formation of the urban planning format of thinking, as a powerful lever for the training of architects and urban planners, is demonstrated in different areas of scientific, educational, methodological and professional work of the department.
 The main task of the pedagogical work of the department was the preparation of specialists of a new formation for work in many areas related to urban planning and architectural design, this is the training of specialists of educational qualification levels "Bachelor" and "Master" in specialty 191 "Architecture and Urban Planning".
 Scientific research of the department staff is carried out in the following areas: urban sociology, transport systems, urban ecology, urban systems, streamlining engineering and transport networks of urban systems, urban development management, the introduction of systemic and synergetic approaches in the formation of urban planning systems, rational methods of building and reconstruction of cities and villages in Ukraine.
 Within the framework of the topic of improving the architectural environment and urban planning space of modern cities, studies are being carried out on the formation of the planning structure and spatial composition of Kharkov during the period of industrial and post-industrial development and the analysis of the implementation of urban planning concepts in the microdistrict development of Kharkov.
 The development of urban planning thinking, as the formation of a special structure of professional consciousness, is one of the main tasks of the work of the team of the Department of Urban Planning and Urbanism of KNUSA.

ЕТНОГРАФІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ РОМАНІВ БРАТІВ КАПРАНОВИХ «КОБЗАР 2000. SOFT» ТА «КОБЗАР 2000. HARD»

The article analyzes the ethnographic component of the novels of famous modern Ukrainian writers-postmodernists Kapranov brothers «Kobzar 2000. Soft» and «Kobzar 2000. Hard». It is emphasized that «Kobzar 2000» of the Kapranov brothers as one of the three Ukrainian «Kobzars» represents in own way time, modern national and spiritual existence of the people, formulates the original concept of the world, culture and human. The work has absorbed the achievements of Ukrainian culture and, at the same time, introduced something specifically own and modern, because in it the modern Ukrainian world is represented as the authors see it – mystical, full of incomprehensible, and therefore unknowable. In particular, the reader is convinced that life in the cities and villages of Ukraine at the beginning of the XXI century based on traditional Ukrainian mythology and worldview. Is proved the connection of ethnography as one of the features of modern literature with postmodern writing; positive feedback from researchers on the use of ethnographic material in modern works of art. Separated and systematized information contains a rich ethnographic material about domestic, mythological, demonological, customary and ritual culture of modern Ukrainians, their views on the norms of etiquette, the originality of world perception and folk ideas. Highlighted by the authors of the article ethnographic information, which is a kind of modern interpretation by writers Kapran folklore texts and allusions to Shevchenko «Kobzar», based on the classification of O. Yatyshchuk systematized into a generalized table on three approaches: 1) information about the ethnographic properties of heroes; 2) detailed descriptions of subjects, phenomena, customs, rituals of Ukrainians; 3) some mentions of the peculiarities of material and spiritual culture of Ukrainians. It is revealed that the most in the novels of the novel «Kobzar 2000» works, which provide information about the ethnographic properties of heroes (in 15 of the 28 novels). In 7 novels, the authors submitted detailed descriptions of subjects, phenomena, customs, rituals of Ukrainians, and in 6 works there are some mentions of the peculiarities of material and spiritual culture of Ukrainians.

Children’s Villages and pleases in system of humanitarian assistance to children in need in Ukraine

The present article deals with he place of SOS Children’s Villages in the general system of ensuring appropriate care of children whose parental rights. The aim of this paper is to analyze the state of SOS Children’s Villages in Ukraine, its effectively and development on panhuman principles. After all, every year in Ukraine about 10 thousand children are left without parental care for various reasons. They need qualified help of psychologists, sociologists, lawyers in the local community. This problem has significant scientific significance, it has provoked a lively discussion and raises the question: «What is the place, SOS Children’s Villages and pleases in system of humanitarian assistance to children in need in Ukraine?». The results of this analysis istle vision on realizations of children’s rights in the community where there are all the conditions of orphans and children whose parents are deprived of parental rights. The legal status and meaning of SOS Children’s Villages in the sphere of ensuring appropriate care of orphans and children whose parents don’t have legal custody of them is defined. Key words: orphans, kids whose, parents are deprived of parental rights, SOS Children’s Village, SOS mothers SOS family, German Gmeiner.

Тенденції економічної активності населення в сільській місцевості України

Annotation. Introduction. The implementation of measures to reform the economy as a whole, agrarian reform and, in particular, land relations in agriculture, was one of the factors influencing the change in the structure of the resident population in terms of economic activity and changes in the agricultural labor market. Analysis of the distribution of the population of Ukraine by economic activity indicates a decrease by almost one third of the number of the economically active population in 2019 compared to 2000. There is also a trend towards a decrease in the number of those employed in economic activity. Purpose. The aim of the article is exploration of employment indicators (formal and informal) and unemployment of the rural population in Ukraine and identification of the main trends. Results. It has been established that the employed rural population is less educated and, accordingly, they perform mostly unattractive types of work that do not require high qualifications. It was revealed that workers in rural settlements have fewer job opportunities at their place of residence. In villages, the number of people who are employers is almost half. The biggest problem in rural areas is self-employment or predominantly employment in private households. A sharp increase in the share of unemployed youth who cannot find a job after graduating from educational institutions has been established. The situation with regard to youth employment in the villages of Ukraine is especially difficult. It turned out that 2/3 of workers in rural areas are employed in the informal sector. Moreover, two urban residents of this sector prefer hired labor, in agriculture, on the contrary, self-employed make up 74.0%, that is, they work in a peasant farm for agricultural products. In half of the cases, informal employment is carried out in agriculture. Conclusions. The unemployed urban dweller is more educated and therefore has more advantages over the rural dweller in terms of employment. Unemployed people in cities have more opportunities to choose a job, therefore they are more active when they leave their jobs of their own accord and depend on the seasonality of their work. For 1990-2019 the average number of full-time agricultural enterprises decreased 12.2 times due to the liquidation of agricultural enterprises. One of the reasons was the denationalization and privatization of enterprises in Ukraine, especially in rural areas, which were not supplemented by effective mechanisms for the employment of people, including by promoting the development of entrepreneurial activity. Keywords: labor market, employment, informal employment, unemployment, economically inactive population.

Резерви підвищення лісистості та продуктивності культур сосни у Центрально-придніпровській височинній області

Досліджено, що Центрально-Придніпровська височинна область відзначається надзвичайно низьким відсотком лісистості та майже суцільною розораністю. Встановлено, що за раціонального ведення лісового господарства у регіоні досліджень, резервом для підвищення лісистості є прирічкові землі, землі, непридатні для подальшого сільськогосподарського використання і землі покинутих людьми сіл, які були збудовані у басейнах водозборів великих і малих річок. Виявлено, що ліси водозбору представлені лісовими масивами, полезахисними, протиерозійними, придорожніми смугами, трапляються невеликими фрагментами на схилах долини, зрідка виходять на плакор, а серед зональної рослинності збереглися дубово-ясенево-грабові ліси. У чагарниковому ярусі має перевагу ліщина звичайна, рідше – клен татарський, бруслина бородавчаста та європейська. Водночас уздовж русла, особливо у пониззі, формуються заплавні вербово-тополеві ліси, а у верхів'ях водозабору – заплавні вільшняки. З'ясовано, що для підвищення продуктивності соснових насаджень Чигиринського бору у випадках, коли догляд своєчасно не здійснювався і лісостан формувався в умовах високої повноти, інтенсивність рубань для середньовікових і пристигаючих насаджень доцільно підвищити на 1015 %. Наступні прийоми доглядових рубань необхідно проводити традиційними селекційними методами через 4 роки, оскільки простежується зміна глобальної температури за останні 175 років у бік потепління. Висвітлено наслідки введення робінії псевдоакації як міжквартального бар'єру за залісення Чигиринських пісків. Пропонуємо як систему протипожежних заслонів проти поширення вогню у соснових культурах у ролі міжквартальних бар'єрів використовувати насадження берези повислої, а не робінії псевдоакації. Земельні наділи покинутих людьми сіл пропонуємо заліснювати деревостанами на типологічній основі з урахуванням головних лісотвірних порід місцевості.

Сучасні проблеми створення та утримання зелених насаджень у населених пунктах України

Проаналізовано сучасні проблеми створення і утримання багаторічних зелених насаджень у населених пунктах України. Показано, що в умовах глобального потепління кліматорегулювальна роль та містотвірне і декоративне значення деревних насаджень, розташованих у містах, зростають. Встановлено, що основними чинниками, що впливають на стан багаторічних насаджень, є: старіння дерев та кущів, масове заселення багатьох видів Viscum album, самосійне поширення адвентивних видів рослин, масове порушення "Правил утримання зелених насаджень", інвазії шкідливих організмів, погіршення кліматичних умов. Існуючі проблеми зумовлені нормативно-правовими, фінансовими, організаційними, екологічними, біологічними, науковими, кадровими, культурно-історичними, ментальними причинами. Проведений аналіз причинно-наслідкових зв'язків причин і наслідків дав змогу запропонувати комплекс заходів, реалізація яких сприятиме вирішенню існуючих проблем. Зокрема запропоновано на законодавчому рівні закріпити охоронний статус міських зелених насаджень, визначити їхні площі, провести інвентаризацію та закріпити за балансокористувачами. Внесено пропозиції щодо покращення перспективного та поточного планування, поліпшення кадрового забезпечення та рівня наукових досліджень. Необхідно організувати постійний науковий моніторинг стану довкілля і насаджень як основи ефективних заходів, спрямованих на поліпшення стану насаджень. Наголошено на необхідності врахування культурно-історичних особливостей та ментальності населення різних регіонів України під час озеленення міського середовища.

Rethinking the role of land privatization in peri-urban transformations in Ukraine: the case study of Sokilnyky, Lviv oblast

The purpose of the study is to find out how the distribution and further privatization of land have affected the changes of peri-urban villages in Ukraine since the 1990s, based on the case of the village of Sokilnyky near Lviv. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the redirection of Ukraine's economy from a planned centralized to a market-oriented crony-capitalism, the peri-urban areas of largest cities have become complex, dynamic and contradictory spaces with drastic changes in demography, housing, infrastructure, and land use. The shift of land policy in Ukraine in the 1990s with the weakening of planning regulations and the way land was distributed are the main triggers of how peri-urban areas have been transforming. The analysis of changes in land ownership, household farming/agriculture, detached houses’ number and size, household income and urban morphology (street network, location of houses and commercial units) in Sokilnyky since 1990s reveals three key consequences of privatization and commodification of land in post-socialist cities’ environs: a) land privatization provided the opportunity for small-scale household farming/agriculture for one class of people as a survival strategy, especially during the economic crisis of the 1990s, and a place for housing and commercial construction for another, causing the eclectic nature of peri-urban settlements with mixing different classes of people with different lifestyles; b) land distribution and privatization were crucial in the emergence of chaotic, fragmented and ad-hoc housing and commercial units, since land division into plots in the 1990s preceded urban planning and master plan development; c) privatization has also created a condition for biased land-development for profit, resulting in shrinkage of public spaces, communal lands and green open spaces. The study is based on statistics from local government, historical map analysis, informal interviews/personal communication with urban planners and officials, and fieldwork visual analysis.

ЕКОНОМІКО-ПРАВОВІ АСПЕКТИ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЖИТЛОВОГО ФОНДУ УКРАЇНИ

У статті розглянуто економіко-правові аспекти інноваційного розвитку житлового фонду України в умовах євроінтеграційного розвитку економіки України. Сучасний процес реформування житлового фонду України пов'язаний із створенням об’єднань співвласників багатоквартирних будинків (ОСББ), які є неприбутковими організаціями і діють у рамка, визначених законодавством України. На теперішній час конкретний перелік суб’єктів управління житловим фондом є відсутнім. За проведеним аналізом нормативно-законодавчих актів, що регулюють відносини у сфері житлового господарства, можна виділити наступні суб’єкти господарювання: власник житлового будинку або житлового комплексу, співвласник багатоквартирного будинку, об'єднання співвласників багатоквартирного будинку, житлово-комунальні підприємства, управитель, виконавець комунальної послуги, споживач, виконавець. Серед учасників відносин у сфері надання послуг з управління житлом особливо слід виокремити таких суб’єктів, як споживач, виробник та виконавець житлово–комунальних послуг. Співвласники багатоквартирного будинку можуть здійснювати управління житловим фондом самостійно або безпосередньо ухвалюючи певні рішення на зборах. Процес управління житловим фондом характеризується наявністю ієрархії рівнів управління та багатофункціональністю. Узагальнено у хронологічній послідовності зміни у законодавчих та нормативних актах України щодо управління об’єктами житлового фонду, котре дозволило виявити, що на ефективність управління об’єктами житлового фонду впливає недосконалість нормативно-правової бази України. Сучасне економічне державне регулювання житлово-комунальної сфери здійснюється за рахунок податкової, інвестиційної, бюджетної, цінової політики та цінового регулювання. Процес управління житловим фондом, зокрема ОСББ, потребує аналізу методів управління, що застосовуються в теперішній час, та напрацювання досвіду із застосування інноваційних методів, які забезпечать достатній рівень управлінської безпеки. Виділено фактори забезпечення управлінської безпеки житлової сфери. Вбачається потреба у збільшенні обсягів приватно-державного співфінансування програм реконструкції, реставрації, проведення капітальних ремонтів, технічного переоснащення спільного майна у багатоквартирних будинках та реалізації енергоефективних заходів у житлових будинках міст та сіл України.