Village Revitalization Research Articles

Where to Revitalize, and How? A Rural Typology Zoning for China

Under China’s Rural Revitalization program, it is essential to accurately determine the prospects of revival or decay for the villages alongside specific goals and paths, which existing literature lacks a systematic coverage. Based on rural typology theories, this paper proposes an analytical framework to determine the type of village revitalization from the perspective of factor endowments. Utilizing five groups of 45 indicators characterizing the natural, socio-economic, and cultural endowments of villages, this paper applies the Self-Organizing Mapping neural network to cluster 2,388,579 natural villages in 48,322 townships across the nation into the four basic types of rural revitalization as directed by China’s Strategic Plan for Rural Revitalization (2018–2022): (1) Agglomerative Promotion, (2) Suburban Annexation, (3) Special Endowment-based Development, and (4) Out-migration and Relocation. The results of cluster analysis are spatially visualized to form a national rural revitalization zoning map at the township level, the first attempt to our knowledge. We conclude the paper with discussions on the revitalization paths of the various types of villages, particularly the seemingly gloomy prospect of 2/3 of the villages falling into the fourth category, and ways to interpret the deterministic nature of the conclusion. The paper expands the understanding of rural typology to a national scale with both innovative categorization processes and strong linkages to revitalization practices.

Research on the Spatial Pattern and Influence Mechanism of Industrial Transformation and Development of Traditional Villages

Industrial transformation has been regarded as an important measure to promote traditional village revitalization. Research on the spatial pattern and influence mechanism of industrial transformation in traditional villages is urgently needed. In this context, this study takes the 211 national traditional villages in Fujian Province of China as research objects and uses GIS spatial analysis and geographical detectors to analyze the spatial pattern and influence mechanism of industrial transformation in traditional villages. The results show that: (1) the scale of traditional village industry presents the characteristics of wavy growth. High- and medium-density cluster areas were identified. (2) Traditional villages can be categorized into three types, not transformed, to be transformed and transformed villages. These three stages of transformation have different features of industry development and different dominant industries. (3) The core factors affecting the industrial transformation of traditional villages show obvious differences at different transformation stages and spatial differences in coastal and inland areas. Therefore, policies and measures should be customized to local conditions to improve the development quality of traditional villages and promote the industrial transformation and upgrading of traditional villages. This study improves the research on the transformation and development mechanism of traditional village industry from the perspective of industrial revitalization in theory and provides experience and models as reference for the revitalization of traditional village industry in practice.

Design of Comprehensive Service System for Fresh Food E-commerce under the Background of “Rural Revitalization”

The traditional system takes a long time to adjust the fresh food storage temperature. Therefore, under the background of “village revitalization”, the comprehensive service system for fresh food e-commerce is designed in this paper. First of all, on the hardware side, by optimizing the physical architecture, the application layer and the data server layer are separated; on the software side, the system database is designed to extract customer order data. Then the ant algorithm is used to select the optimal logistics configuration path, and the temperature control algorithm is used to adjust the temperature environment so that the fresh food reaches the optimal storage temperature in the transportation path. Finally, the hardware and software design are combined to realize the comprehensive service system design. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional system, the designed system in this paper shortens the control time of fresh storage temperature and strengthens the service control of cold chain logistics.

Coordinated development of agricultural economy and rural tourism based on big data

In China’s national economic system, the agricultural economy is an important component. Regardless of the development model, development direction and scale of the agricultural economy, it will have an important impact on the development and progress of the national economy. As the country attaches great importance to agricultural development, the reform of agricultural development is gradually being deepened. The application of big data can effectively analyze the agricultural economy and rural tourism market information, which is conducive to promoting the coordinated development of the two. At the same time, China has put forward a strategy of “village revitalization”, which brings new development opportunities for agricultural economy and rural tourism. Based on this, this article first analyzes the connotation and characteristics of big data, then introduces the development of agricultural economy and rural tourism under big data, and finally discusses the strategy of combining the two to improve the overall quality of rural economic development.

Frontier Dynamic Research on China’s “Three Rural” Financial Development under the Background of Inclusive Finance: Based on Bibliometric Analysis

In recent years, the central government has continued to focus on the issues of “three rural”, and the financial development of “three rural” under the background of inclusive finance has increasingly become a topic of common concern for scholars. This study supplements the relevant research literature after the “19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China” report, especially since the “Village Revitalization Strategic Plan”, and provides a certain reference for the theoretical research and practice of “three rural” financial development. Based on CNKI data, applying Cite space bibliometrics software, the research results were visualized and analyzed by bibliometric method, cluster analysis method and knowledge mapping technology. From the perspective of literature review on the “three rural” financial development, this paper integrated research to excavate research status, identify research interests and reveal development trends. Results show that banking institutions and academic institutions are high-yielding institutions, and teamwork has not yet formed; inclusive finance, rural finance, targeted poverty alleviation, small loans, rural revitalization, etc. are the focus of research attention; digital inclusive finance and rural revitalization are relatively new research contents.

Research on the Countermeasures of Rural Ecological Environment Governance: Taking Qingyanggang Village in Hubei Province

The problem of inadequate development and inadequate development in my country is evident in rural areas, especially in ecological governance. This article takes Qingyanggang Village, a village in the Jianghan Plain, a land of fish and rice as an example, to focus on analyzing and studying the difficulties and problems in its ecological governance: lack of infrastructure for domestic sewage treatment, the slow accumulation of domestic garbage, lack of environmental awareness among villagers, and serious rural agricultural pollution. In view of the existing problems, and in accordance with the basic requirements of national ecological civilization construction and rural ecological revitalization, corresponding suggestions were put forward to promote the Qingyanggang village revitalization plan as a whole, increase the effective utilization of resources, accelerate the ecological environment governance, and promote Qingyanggang village Revitalize green and sustainable development.

The Impact of Targeted Poverty Alleviation on Ruoguo Villagers’ Health Consciousness Based on Village Revitalization Work of School of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jinan University

RuoGuo village is one of the many poverty-stricken areas in China. In recent years, The School of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jinan University has actively implemented the party’s guidelines for poverty alleviation work, adopting various forms and methods to carry out poverty alleviation work in RuoGuo Village, which has achieved initial results. Through this survey, we can see the effectiveness of the JNU’s poverty alleviation work, and recognize the current situation of Zhuanguo Village so that the next poverty alleviation work can be more targeted. By summarizing the merits and shortcomings of Jinan University’s poverty alleviation work, We can improve working methods for the targeted poverty alleviation in Runguo Village, and accumulate the experience of targeted poverty alleviation, which is also a way to actively respond to the national targeted poverty alleviation policy. Besides, we can provide a certain reference value for the targeted poverty alleviation work in other regions.

International Village Revitalization Experience and Its Enlightenment to China

The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Implementing the Strategy for Rural Rejuvenation" clearly states that the main goal of China's "agriculture,rural areas, and farmers is to adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas,in accordance with the prosperity of industries,ecological livability,rural civilization,effective governance,and a wealthy life.General requirements,adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas, and accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.

Study on the Ways of Training and Practice of New Type of Professional Farmers in the Perspective of Low Carbon Economy

Under the background of “prospering farmers” and “village revitalization”, modern agricultural development has raised the economic development agenda. At present, the low-carbon green economy is the general direction of economic development, reducing agricultural pollution, developing green agriculture, and focusing on the development of agricultural low-carbon economy is the current strategic direction of agricultural development. Cultivating new professional farmers is the key to China’s agricultural transformation and the only way to develop modern agriculture. The new type of professional peasant refers to high-quality peasants who use agriculture as their main source of economic resources, advanced knowledge, agricultural production management skills, good cooperation, innovation, high social responsibility and market understanding. Compared with traditional peasants, the new professional peasants have the characteristics of new ideas, high quality and professionalism. Rural vocational education must adhere to the goal of serving the “three rural”, strengthen the construction of the teaching staff, increase funding and change the teaching methods, in order to better serve the new professional farmers.

Beyond government-led or community-based: Exploring the governance structure and operating models for reconstructing China's hollowed villages

Discussions of China's hollowed village reconstruction (HVR) program tend to divide initiatives into community-based model (CBM, led by local actors which is also called bottom-up model) and government-led model (GLM, driven by policy makers which is also called top-down model). In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework, which goes beyond these two models. Then, we take three typical villages which experienced different models of HVR in recent years as case studies, exploring the intersection of the process of decision-making, the structure of governance and the performance of projects. Both theoretical analysis and case studies show that a hybrid governance structure (HGS), with limited range of reconstruction in the distribution and functions of rural land, is most in line with China's background for HVR and rural vitalization. The participatory process is very important for these three modes, with villages and communities as the important carriers for participation and interaction. Not only villagers can truly participate in the planning and decision-making process in the HGS's approach, which enables villagers to have more autonomy, but also enhanced the project's performance by integrating villagers' interests and willingness with government proposals, matching the subjective and the objective conditions. This research indicates that we can integrate diverse driving forces of village revitalization, pay more attention to the governance's structure and operating models of reconstructing. More importantly, this study responds to Elinor Ostrom's common-pool resource theory and suggests a way forward in the public governance of rural vitalization in contemporary China.

Exploring in the approach to rural revitalization in the view of green development

Rural revitalization is a major strategy for rural economic and social development. In the new era, rural revitalization must break away from the traditional mode of development and take the road of green development. This is not only to meet the people’s growing needs for beautiful ecological environment, but also the inevitable requirements of rural revitalization. The general requirement of village revitalization are prosperous industry, ecological liveable, civilized local style, effective governance, and prosperous life. It contains the requirement of green development. Therefore, the rural revitalization must also be a multi-dimensional and multi-perspective integration from the perspective of green development, forming a pattern of mutual promotion and common prosperity that protect the ecological environment in the rural revitalization and promote the rural revitalization in the protection of ecological environment.

From ‘neo-vernacular’ to ‘semi-vernacular’: a case study of vernacular architecture representation and adaptation in rural Chinese village revitalization

ABSTRACTVernacular architecture can be regarded as heritage places. Recently, the need to protect vernacular heritage in China has been reflected through government policy changes, for example the ‘beautiful countryside’ program which aims to develop rural villages since 2005. However, a conflict between conserving the tangible fabric and the intangible heritage of the vernacular place can become pronounced, as villagers have desires for a modern lifestyle, and maintaining the physical building fabric. Vernacular villages require sustainable development alongside conservation of both tangible and intangible heritage significance. A key factor in keeping a village alive is continuing its utilization by a local community. This paper introduces the terms ‘neo-vernacular’ (buildings with a vernacular appearance with contemporary methods and materials) and ‘semi-vernacular’ (reusing or renovating vernacular buildings in combination with modern and traditional building techniques) to distinguish two approaches to vernacular villages conservation. We analyse the distinctions between the works of Amateur Architecture Studio (AAS) and Atelier Zhang Lei (AZL) to demonstrate the neo-vernacular and semi-vernacular approaches respectively through photo-comparison diagrams, and reviewing comments from local villagers, architectural students, and scholars. In the discussion, we propose that the semi-vernacular adaptation offers a new approach worth pursuing in China’s rapidly changing rural landscapes.

Sustainable development strategy of rural built-up landscapes in Northeast China based on ANP approach

With village revitalization and new rural construction, the landscape of Chinese villages is undergoing fundamental changes. Due to delayed construction, ecological degradation, and backward in management, rural settlements have many problems in the planning and construction process in Northeast China, such as lacking local characteristics, and natural environment destruction. Rural built-up landscapes are a complex combination of buildings, settlements, natural landscapes, and cultural landscapes. How to improve rural built-up landscapes is an important issue in village planning, which can provide a beautiful and livable countryside for farmers. The purpose of this paper is to structure a multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis for the sustainable development of rural built-up landscapes. Analytic Network Process (ANP) approach is employed in the research to find out the key factors of sustainable rural built-up landscapes in the decision-making procedure of rural planning. The ANP model is structured with 3 criteria (settlement forms and structures, regional cultural characteristics, ecological and natural resources) and 16 sub-criteria. The results show that the settlement layout complying with the terrain is the most important factor, followed by the continuation of traditional architectural style, natural landscape restoration, and village vitality. Decision makers and planners should dedicate more attention to these aspects in the rural construction and landscape planning. This paper also presents the ranking of important sub-criteria and several sustainable development strategies are proposed.

Applying the Strategy of Village Revitalization to Manage the Rural Hollowing in Daba Mountains Area of China

In the process of rapid urbanization and industrialization, the “hollowing out” of rural areas in China is getting hotter and hotter. And the situation is grim. The countryside in Daba Mountains Area of China has suffered serious decline. The problem of “hollowing out” has been prominent and is one of the main areas of governance. Therefore, based on the strategy of rural revitalization and based on the status quo of Daba Mountainous Rural Areas, this paper analyzes the causes of the increasing severity of rural” hollows out” and defines the logic and path of governance. Then, promoting the improvement of the hollowing out of rural areas in Daba Mountains Area of China is also the purpose of this paper.

Civic Farming on Agricultural Land and Village Revitalization in Metropolitan Suburb

Civic Farming on Agricultural Land and Village Revitalization in Metropolitan Suburb

Revitalizing traditional villages through rural tourism: A case study of Yuanjia Village, Shaanxi Province, China

Increasing attention has been given to historically and culturally significant traditional villages in China in the past five years. Two key themes have been protection and usage. Rural tourism has been recognized as a key approach to rural development and poverty alleviation. Through a systematic knowledge review, this paper proposes an integrative and sustainable Rural Tourism-based Traditional Village Revitalization model to better understand the relationship between rural tourism and village revitalization. Integrated Rural Tourism and Sustainable Livelihood theory and ideology are integrated in this model. A case study of the village of Yuanjia reveals that the model's three levels (material, social and spiritual) are effective pathways for successful village revitalization. Village leader-led or elite-led development realizes endogenous and bottom-up development rather than a top-down arrangement. Farmer Cooperative is a relatively equitable means of benefit distribution and community participation in China.

A Socially Responsible Design to Rebuild Cultural Self-Confidence: A Case Study on the Design of a Village Revitalization Project

Abstract This article presents a socially responsible design approach, through a remote mountain village’s revitalization project in Tongguan, Liping county in Guizhou province. The Village Revitalization Program (VRP) was initiated by the central government in response to many constraints that have resulted from China’s modernization over the past decades. Its objective was to protect these remote villages through maintaining their physical artefacts, sustaining their cultural essence and historical memories. Although various types of projects have been completed, the majority of them have brushed past the complicated byproducts of urbanization such as young generations leaving villages, children being left behind, rural hollowing out, etc., which have developed into a cycle threatening the sustainability of the community. This study diagnoses the critical issues neglected by previous revitalization approaches and initiates a new practice of socially responsible design to end the vicious cycle, achieved through rebuilding the cultural self-confidence of the villagers. From an operational perspective, this practice provides a three-step process: diagnosis, formulation and implementation. The new approach challenges the end-product-oriented method, questions the top-down approach and highlights the significance of direct involvement by end-users. From a theoretical perspective, this practice examines the various forms of socially responsible design and redefines the multiple dimensions that village revitalization projects should address. Following two years of effort by volunteers and villagers, the project was realized in the form of a Villagers’ Center in Tongguan. This product not only satisfies the interests of its current end-users in both the short and long term, but also provides an innovative, functional example of revitalizing values from within the village itself in order to rebuild the cultural self-confidence of villagers.

Upaya Revitalisasi Permukiman Tradisional Tepi Sungai (Studi Kasus : Permukiman Kampung Tenun Samarinda)

Kampung Tenun Samarinda merupakan perwakilan pemukiman pertama di Samarinda yang berada ditepi Sungai Mahakam. Pada tahun 2012, terdapat program pemerintah untuk merevitalisasi kawasanKampung Tenun. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, maka perlu dibahas lebih lanjut mengenai revitalisasidan bagaimana potensi kampung tenun terkait keberadaannya sebagai kawasan riverfront. Tujuanpenelitian kali ini adalah adalah untuk menganalisis sejauh mana kebijakan pemerintah kota Samarindadalam merevitalisasi kawasan pemukiman kampung tenun serta menganalisis potensi pengembangankampung tenun sebagai kawasan riverfront. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan wawancaraterhadap para stakeholders yang terkait menggunakan teknik snowball sampling dan purposivesampling serta melakukan pengamatan di wilayah studi. Tahap selanjutnya dilakukan metode analisisdeskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan variabel-variabel dari revitalisasi dan pengembanganaktivitas waterfront. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah, keberhasilan program revitalisasi kampungtenun cukup berhasil dari segi intervensi fisik, namun masih terdapat beberapa kekurangan dalamproses rehabilitasi ekonomi dan rekayasa sosial. Oleh karena itu, sangat cocok untuk dikembangkanmenjadi kawasan mixed-use waterfront yang mengakomodir segala jenis potensi kampung tenuntersebut untuk menjadi kawasan riverfront yang berdaya saing dan berkelanjutan.Kata kunci: revitalisasi, potensi wisata, kawasan tepi air

지역사회에 대한 선교적(missional) 교회의 접근법 - 한국의 문화적 상황을 중심으로

Korean societies nowadays is experiencing rapid changes. Traditional cultures based upon Confucianism, Buddhism, and Shamanism are currently mixed with modern and postmodern cultures. The processes of globalization turned the Korean society into a multicultural one. The revolutions in the area of internet and mobile network added diversity to the Korean society. The cultural differences between old generations and young ones are becoming greater. Many people in the society today are becoming more antagonistic towards Christianity than before. These rapid changes in Korean society produce new problems and needs in the Korean communities. Missional approach takes the cultural context in the communities seriously. Missional congregations recognize the cultural difference between the people in the churches and the people outside the churches. They took the incarnational posture when they reach the unbelievers outside the churches. They try to make contact with the unbelievers and take time to listen from them. When they can understand the viewpoints of the unbelievers, the encounter between the Gospel and the culture of the people in the community begins inside the minds of the congregations. At this moment, trying to find the commonalities between the Gospel and the culture becomes very important, as it is the commonalities that provide contact points to applicate the Gospel in the culture. Especially nowadays, Korean communities try to rehabilitate themselves with efforts like ‘village revitalization movement,’ ‘community business’ and ‘social enterprise.’ This atmosphere is good soil for the missional congreations to create and participate in the common projects for the community with diverse subjects like government, enterprises, social institutes, civil societies etc.But the more important aspects in the encounter between the Gospel and Korean culture are in the areas of differences beteen them. In these cases the missional congregations are required to repent from their positions of receiving the cultural influence and to renew their thinking based on the Gospel. Once these kinds of encounters between the Gospel and the culture happen inside the minds of the missional congregations successfully, they are prepared to reach out to the people in the communities. They are in the position to interprete the Gospel to the people in the community using their language and concept. They can translate the Gospel in regards to the main concerns and stories of the people in the communities. Korean churches have the urgent task of becoming ‘contrast societies’ where the authentic community is actualized in the sight of the people in the community like the ‘village in the mountain’ or ‘salt and light’ as Jesus mentioned in the Bible (Matt. 5:13-14). They have the mission to become the sign, the instrument, and the foretaste representing the rule of God in the community.

남해 가천마을 계단식 논의 경관보전에 대한 지역주민과 방문객의 인식 차이 비교연구

본 연구는 남해 가천마을의 계단식 논에 대해 지역주민과 방문객의 경관보전 인식을 비교하여 어떠한 차이가 나타나는지 규명하기 위해 수행하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구에 대한 고찰을 통해 문제점 및 시사점을 도출하였으며, 지역주민과 방문객을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 계단식 논 경관에 대한 인식의 구성요인은 '생산', '정책', '경관', '관리', '활성화' 5가지로 분류되었다. 분석결과에 따르면 보전에 대해 지역주민이 방문객보다 긍정적으로 평가하였고, 대부분의 항목에서 인식 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 '생산', '경관', '활성화'의 항목에서 지역주민이 방문객보다 긍정적 평가를 하는 것으로 나타났고, 구체적으로 '생산'의 휴경지 논, 전통적인 논 형태, 잡초 베기, '경관'의 문화적 가치, 논두렁 및 석축, '활성화'의 행정과 주민의 공용프로그램, 축제나 행사로 인한 마을 활성화에 관한 항목에서 높게 평가하는 것으로 나타났다. '정책', '관리'의 항목에서는 방문객이 지역주민보다 긍정적 평가를 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 '정책'의 명승지정, 직접지불제도, '관리'의 지역주민 및 방문객의 협동의 항목에서 높게 평가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 같은 결과로 볼 때 지역주민과 방문객 사이의 인식 차이를 극복할 수 있도록 지역주민이 가지고 있는 계단식 논에 대한 역사 전통 문화 생산 등의 지식과 방문객의 의견을 활용하여 공통적 인식을 형성할 수 있는 방안 마련이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. This study was to identify the differences on cognitions for conservation on the Rice Terraces landscape between local residents and visitors. For this purpose, this study drew problems and implications through consideration about advanced studies and then carried out a survey of local residents and visitors. The results of this study analyzed five factors that are the components of cognition about the Rice Terraces landscape: production, policy, landscape, management, and revitalization. The Cognition of Rice Terraces landscape indicated that local residents had more positive evaluation than visitors did. In addition, there were indicated differences in most items. Particularly, the local residents had more positive evaluation than visitors did in production(rice paddy of fallow ground, form of traditional rice paddy, weeds), landscape(cultural value, footpath of rice field and stonewall), and revitalization(common program for local residents and visitors, village revitalization from festival and event). Visitors had a more positive evaluation than local residents in terms of policy(designation of a place of scenic beauty, direct payment) and management(cooperation of local residents and visitors). In consideration of these results, it needs to draw up measures that are able to build up a common cognition to overcome differences between local residents and visitors. It is based on the knowledge and opinions that visitors and local residents had concerning history, traditions, cultures and production.