Village Boundaries Research Articles

Participatory GIS-Based Approach for the Demarcation of Village Boundaries and Their Utility: A Case Study of the Eastern Boundary of Wilpattu National Park, Sri Lanka

This study examines spatial knowledge of the local community and the participatory resource mapping (PRM) approach to demarcate land boundaries in the eastern boundary of Wilpattu National Park, Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka has four types of major administrative boundaries, namely, provinces, districts, divisional secretariat divisions (DSD), and Grama Niladari (GN) divisions. The smallest community segments are clustered inside each GN division. The lack of proper demarcation of these smallest community segments, called ‘villages’, has been identified as a significant issue when implementing community development plans and applications in government and non-government projects. Thus, the deliverables of community-based projects become less effective. The objective of this study was to explore means of demarcating land boundaries, to separately identify small community segments using participatory GIS (PGIS) techniques. The study was conducted covering 12 GN divisions adjoining the eastern border of Wilpattu National Park (WNP). The methods used included PGIS interviews and group discussions with PRM steps. Overall, around 100 selected community members, spread across 12 GN divisions, were chosen to participate in the study. Community society meetings were conducted in each village, and essential topographic information in the area was collected with the knowledge of local society members and GIS tools. Later, this was digitized and verified to improve the presentation and accuracy of the results. As a result, the study could identify villages in each GN division, while generating more precise digital maps. Through this study, it can be confirmed that PGIS has remarkable potential in land use planning applications. The study further shows the potential of the application of PGIS in community-based projects and their deliverables to the community, and in enhancing community education on spatial thinking and planning, while facilitating community empowerment and innovation.

Regional Conflict, Ceramic Senescence, and Pawnee Raw Material Choice in the Late Contact Era

Here, we consider the last decades of ceramic manufacture among the Pawnee in the Central Great Plains, using petrographic analysis to explore raw material availability and use at the Kitkahahki Town site (14RP1). Historical documents reveal tremendous regional pressures and conflicts in the Kitkahahki Town area during its occupation in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries—processes that could have altered or restricted the movement of women outside village boundaries. Contact-era Pawnee pottery from Kitkahahki Town exhibits atypical paste textures, atypical inclusions, or both. At least one potter used atypical materials available immediately adjacent to the village, which suggests that ceramic raw material collection was at least occasionally adjusted to reduce risk. Petrographic analysis contributes to our understanding of Indigenous communities in colonial settings, particularly to questions of technological change and landscape use when both were intensely negotiated and rapidly changing.

The potential, utilization and management of forest biodiversity for the livelihood of local communities in Ratah Watershed, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

Forest biodiversity is crucial for the survival of local communities in Mahakam Ulu District, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, especially for the Punan Dayak, Bahau Bateq Hwang Lung Gelawang, and Bakumpai Dayak tribes who live in the Ratah Watershed area. For generations, local communities in the Ratah Watershed have had local wisdom to protect the resources in the forest around them. Unfortunately, various problems threaten the existence of forest biodiversity in the Ratah Watershed. The purpose of this study is to show the identification results of the potential, utilization, and management of biodiversity according to local communities in Mahakam Ulu District, East Kalimantan Province, and the threats faced. The data was obtained through interviews with key informants, FGDs, participatory mapping, and field observations with the people of Nyari Bungan Village, Long Gelawang Village, Danum Paroy Village, and Muara Ratah Village. The result of the study indicated that local communities in the Ratah Watershed find it more inconvenient to utilize forest resources because of the diminishing potential for biodiversity. The low level of welfare, unclear village boundaries, overlapping village areas with private companies (timber companies, oil palm) are the main problems. Conservation of biodiversity from forests in the Ratah Watershed requires the cooperation of various parties, especially in increasing community capacity in managing forest resources for better environment.

SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION METHOD ACCELERATED QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGES

Abstract. Rapid investigation and quantitative analysis are crucial for heritage conservation and renewal design. As an important category of architectural heritage - traditional settlements - with their large number and complex spatial characteristics, their spatial character patterns are an important support to assist settlement conservation and renewal design. However, the current means of analysis often requires manual data collection, secondary mapping of the collected data, extraction of individual elemental patterns and village boundaries. Then settlement boundary form, settlement density will be calculated by mathematical methods. The above methods are inefficient and prone to manual mapping errors, making it difficult to quantify and analyze a large number of traditional villages in a short period of time. Semantic segmentation is a computer vision technique for quickly segmenting different objects. Based on the collected remote sensing data of traditional villages, this paper established a dataset of semantic segmentation of spatial features of traditional settlements, segmenting village buildings, water systems, roads and plants. Using Transfer learning, data augmentation and other methods, a model was trained that can automatically segment elements of the villages. From the national traditional villages that have been announced so far, 60 traditional villages from different regions in the north and south were selected for analysis. The experiments show that the model established in this paper has an accuracy rate of above 86% in segmenting elements of villages, can effectively identify the location of different elements in remote sensing images, effectively improves the quantification rate of spatial features of settlements and saves the cost of mapping and data transcription. The results of the spatial characteristics of the 60 villages studied in this paper can also provide some theoretical basis and inspiration for the study, conservation, design and transformation of traditional villages.

Penerapan Smart Tourism Dalam Pengelolaan Pariwisata Daerah Bojonegoro Berbasis GIS (Geographic Information System)

The increasingly rapid development of technology, especially in information systems and telecommunications, makes access to information delivery very fast, coupled with reliable internet access. Developments have also occurred in GIS web applications. Web GIS can be used to publish village boundary maps to the community online, freely, and at any time. By using Leaflet as a web-based map, anyone can modify and access it at any time. Leaflet is one of the developments of GIS. The concept of developing technology studies and the tourism sector. Smart Tourism can describe the current situation regarding how development in the tourism sector has also been affected by the evolution of the rapid development of technology and information. This is what creates and bridges and unites micro businesses from local communities and nomads in the regions to the global market. Therefore, in this research, we will develop tourist attraction mapping based on Geolocation and Geographic Information System (GIS) using Leaflet technology to make it easier for tourists to find tourist attractions so that tourists not only know the tourist attractions, routes, current locations, and are able to find out about the facilities in the area. the tourist attraction area. This system was designed and implemented using Laravel, PHP, MySQL, Java Script, Bootstrap, and Leaflet. This system has also been tested by tourists and the results are that every tourist can enjoy the features of describing tourist attractions, destination routes, and making visit schedules.

UVLens

Urban villages refer to the residential areas lagging behind the rapid urbanization process in many developing countries. These areas are usually with overcrowded buildings, high population density, and low living standards, bringing potential risks of public safety and hindering the urban development. Therefore, it is crucial for urban authorities to identify the boundaries of urban villages and estimate their resident and floating populations so as to better renovate and manage these areas. Traditional approaches, such as field surveys and demographic census, are time consuming and labor intensive, lacking a comprehensive understanding of urban villages. Against this background, we propose a two-phase framework for urban village boundary identification and population estimation. Specifically, based on heterogeneous open government data, the proposed framework can not only accurately identify the boundaries of urban villages from large-scale satellite imagery by fusing road networks guided patches with bike-sharing drop-off patterns, but also accurately estimate the resident and floating populations of urban villages with a proposed multi-view neural network model. We evaluate our method leveraging real-world datasets collected from Xiamen Island. Results show that our framework can accurately identify the urban village boundaries with an IoU of 0.827, and estimate the resident population and floating population with R2 of 0.92 and 0.94 respectively, outperforming the baseline methods. We also deploy our system on the Xiamen Open Government Data Platform to provide services to both urban authorities and citizens.

Demarcation Technique and Geometric Analysis of Village Boundaries Resulting from Delineation of Land Areas (ujazd) in the Middle Ages in the Wielkopolska Region (Poland)

The paper presents the genesis of village borders’ shape formed in the Middle Ages and presents rules according to which demarcations were made. The hypothesis that the borders formed in the Middle Ages had a shape similar to a circle or segment of a circle was accepted. This hypothesis was confirmed by geometric analysis of borders from that period. Geometric elements of the boundaries were calculated: types of arcs, their radii, lengths and central angles. The center of the newly granted area was analyzed, as this location played a major role in the delineation of the boundary. Accuracy of measurements was determined and influence of errors on the presented results was analyzed. Wielkopolska was chosen as the research area because natural conditions had no influence on the shape of the borders. The starting materials were topographic maps in the scale of 1:25,000 (Messtischblätter) from the years 1887–1890. The research confirmed the hypothesis of a circular shape of borders formed in the Middle Ages in the studied area. In the original allocations, the area took the shape of a circle, which was a specific pattern for the villages to be founded. Later, as the settlement developed, the villages took on the shapes of circle segments. Considering the demarcation technique, the accuracy of the boundary staking was high. The deviation from a perfect circle did not exceed approximately ± 60 m, and the length of the arc radius varied between 1500 and 2200 m. The historical village boundaries from medieval times, preserved to this day in their residual form, have a historic character due to their antiquity and should be protected.

1910년대 고 지형도를 이용한 행정리 경계 구축에 관한 실험적 연구

This study aims to establish administrative boundaries by utilizing digitalized old topographical map. Various problems have arisen due to unclear administrative boundaries. For example, there are various problems such as conflict amongst residents to occupy a larger area, unnecessary waste of administrative power, and difficulty in collecting various data for administrative units (farm area, statistical data, spatial analysis, living ara analysis). Therefore, in this study, an experimental study was conducted to establish administrative boundaries by using an old topographical map containing information on villages before administrative reform in 1914. As a result, the boundaries of towns, towns and villages were largely consistent. In order to divide the administrative boundaries based on the legal district boundaries, the administrative boundaries were established by referring to the contents of village introduction and natural boundaries (roads, rivers, mountain ranges, etc.) provided in towns and villages. However, there was a limit in establishing a precise boundary as it was not possible to secure a high-quality digitalized old topographical map.

Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dalam Penentuan Titik Batas Desa wilayah Kabupaten Barito SelatanThe Effect of Work Discipline on Employee Performance in Determining the Village Boundary Points in the South Barito Regency

This research was conducted in order to describe the performance of the employees of the Regional Secretariat of the South Barito Regency government officials, to the performance of employees in the government division in carrying out their duties and coordination in determining and affirming village boundaries in the South Barito district.
 This study aims to determine the effect of work discipline on employee performance in the government division of the South Barito regency.
 The theory used in this research is Work Discipline according to Bejo Siswanto (2019: 333) and employee performance theory according to Ags Dwiyanto (2017: 47). This research uses descriptive quantitative method with data collection techniques using observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. This researcher has two variables, namely the independent variable (x) Work Discipline and the dependent variable (y) the performance of the government employees of the Regional Secretariat of the South Barito Regency. The data analysis tool used is Simple Linear Regression using SPSS Version 25. The hypothesis in this study is. It is suspected that there is an influence of work discipline on the employee performance of the Regional Secretariat of Barito Regency.
 The results obtained in the calculation of simple linear regression are Y = 11.470 + 0.745 X where the value (a) is 11.470 and the coefficient value (b) is 0.745. Then the tcount is obtained from the above test that tcount> ttable (9.197> 2.021) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is a significant influence between Work Discipline on Employee Performance at the Regional Secretariat of South Barito Regency.

Implementation of address recording management using the K-Means clustering classification algorithm in Kebayoran District, DKI Jakarta

The area is the center of problems in the administrative record management of Kebayoran District, because of its dense condition and it is difficult to determine land measurements due to the density of residential areas. The problem in Indonesia to this day is that the administrative boundaries of the kelurahan already exist, but the administrative boundaries for the Rukun Warga / Rukun Tetangga (RW / RT) do not yet exist. The local government of DKI already has a large scale map (1: 1,000) to map RW administrative boundaries. Large-scale mapping (Batas RW) is useful for accurate information on incidence of dengue fever or other diseases, thereby eliminating information bias due to the use of village boundary maps. Another benefit is the accuracy of address management for customers, for example PDAM customers, to facilitate verification of customer data with large-scale maps, especially those that only include RT / RW addresses, without mentioning street names and household numbers. The method used is data mining K-Means Clustering. By using this method, the data that has been obtained can be grouped into several clusters, where the application of the KMeans Clustering process uses Excel calculations. The processed data is divided into 3 clusters, namely: high cluster (C1), medium cluster (C2) and low cluster (C3). The iteration process of this research occurs 2 times so that an assessment is obtained in classifying the household / neighborhood unit based on the Kelurahan. The results obtained are that there is 1 neighborhood unit with the highest cluster (C1), there are 4 neighborhood units with 4 medium clusters (C2), and 5 neighborhood units with the lowest cluster (C3). This data can be input to the sub-district to disseminate information about dengue fever, health education, and for the accuracy of PDAM customer address management and others.

About the Founding of Sarajevo

This paper highlights the significance of dates in the history of all settlements, and in particular an urban settlement, and the significance of introducing them into their chronological calendar. This is particulary significant for urban settlements and the dates of their gaining the status of a city, which is a very important historical and civilizational act by which the proper legal status of a settlement and its inhabitants would be acknowledged and verified. By this act, a settlement was singled out from a multitude of other populated places in its surroundings for its urban, social and cultural characteristics with regard to its status. This matter raises no questions by any means about the continuity of life in the wider area of an emerging or newly- declared urban settlement. However, the differences in status and socioeconomic aspects are clearly shown. A complex legal procedure for gaining, acknowledging and verifying the status of a city in the case of Sarajevo had to be observed. The motives for choosing the location for building a new complex were highlighted, the complex with suitable urban facilities and under the urban criteria that needed to be met in order to be able in any way to apply for the status of a city. A source on this matter, produced immediately after the foundation of the city and its legal verification, contains an answer to such questions. The careful selection of the location for the emerging city was made, namely the land for those facilities was chosen by the founder „ ... because he found it suitable for building a šeher (city) on it... “ This syntagm also answers the question of whether it is an entirely new or some earlier founded settlement. The Brodac Settlement, with a newly- formed city founded within its boundaries, appears in the sources in parallel with the name of the city of Sarajevo until the middle of the 16th century, which clearly confirms that it was a completely new settlement that had been founded within the boundaries of the Brodac village, and surely it had not been founded on a previously built rural or town settlement. Moreover, other settlements found in the vicinity of the city kept their names from the Middle Ages and throughout centuries to the present day they have been recognisable and distinguishable for those names as the parts of the Sarajevo city zone.

Penyelesaian Sengketa Adat Mengenai Tapal Batas Antara Desa Pakraman Penatih Puri dan Desa Pakraman Peguyangan

Blurred village boundaries can cause confusion in the implementation of village services, pawedalan, punia funds, kasucianism and non-compliance for local residents. This condition is believed by Hindus to cause disruption of social balance (sekala) and magic (niskala). As a result of the unclear territorial boundaries of the Pakraman village, there was a customary reaction in Pakraman Penatih Puri Village with Pakraman Peguyangan Village. This research will discuss 2 (two) main points, namely: (1) How is the settlement of customary disputes regarding the boundaries between Pakraman Penatih Puri Village and Pakraman Peguyangan Village? (2) What are the factors that hinder the settlement of customary disputes regarding the boundary between Pakraman Penatih Puri and Pakraman Peguyangan villages? This type of research is qualitative research that is descriptive and analytical in nature. Settlement of customary disputes regarding the boundaries between Pakraman Penatih Puri Village and Pakraman Peguyangan Village which are resolved by means of mediation by making a collective agreement or pararem which is used as the legal basis in the Pakraman village. Awig-awig is made in order to create harmony and security in society.

Quantifying the influence of location of residence on blood pressure in urbanising South India: a path analysis with multiple mediators

Abstract Objectives: The current study aims to estimate the causal effect of increasing levels of urbanisation on mean SBP, and to decompose the direct and indirect effects via hypothesised mediators. Methods: We analysed data from 5, 840 adults (≥ 18 years) from the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents study (APCAPS) conducted in 27 villages in Telangana, South India. The villages experienced different amounts of urbanisation during preceding decades and ranged from a rural village to a medium sized town. We estimated urbanisation levels of surveyed villages by combining remote sensing data of night-time light intensity (NTLI), measured by unitless digital numbers, with satellite imagery and ground surveying of village boundaries. We performed mediation analysis using linear mixed-effects models with SBP as the outcome, log-transformed continuous NTLI as the exposure, and three composite mediators summarising information on (i) socio-demographics (e.g., occupation and education); (ii) lifestyle and mental health (e.g., diet and depression); (iii) metabolic factors (e.g., fasting glucose and triglycerides). All models fitted random intercepts to account for clustering by villages and households and adjusted for confounders. Results: The NTLI range across the 27 villages was 62 to 1081 (4.1 to 7.0 on the log scale). Mean SBP was 122.7 mmHg (±15.7) among men and 115.8 mmHg (±14.2) among women. One unit (integer) log-NTLI increase was associated with a rise in mean SBP of 2.1 mmHg (95% CI 0.6, 3.5) among men and 1.3 mmHg (95% CI 0.0, 2.6) among women. We identified a positive indirect effect of log-NTLI on SBP via the metabolic pathway, where one log-NTLI increase elevated SBP by 4.6 mmHg (95% CI 2.0, 7.3) among men and by 0.7 mmHg (95% 0.1, 1.3) among women. There was a positive indirect effect of log-NTLI on SBP via the lifestyle and mental health pathway among men, where one log-NTLI increase elevated SBP by 0.7 mmHg (95% CI 0.1, 1.3). Observed negative direct effects of log-NTLI on SBP and positive indirect effects via the socio-demographic pathway among both genders; as well as a positive indirect effect via the lifestyle and mental health pathway among women, were not statistically significant at the 5% level. The sizes of effects were approximately doubled among participants ≥40 years of age. Conclusion: Our findings offer new insights into the pathways via which urbanisation level may act on blood pressure. Large indirect effects via metabolic factors, independent of socio-demographic, lifestyle and mental health factors identify a need to understand better the indirect effects of environmental cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors that change with urbanisation. We encourage researchers to use causal methods in further quantification of path-specific effects of place of residence on CVDs and risk factors. Available evidence-based, cost-effective interventions that target upstream determinants of CVDs should be implemented across all socio-demographic gradients in India.

Conflict on the Determination and Confirmation of the Boundary of Nagari Sungai Buluh District, Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency

The purpose of this study is to describe the reasons for refusal to define and confirm the boundaries of the area in Nagari Sungai Buluh. This article is based on a qualitative case study conducted using in-depth interviews and observation data collection methods. The conflict between Nagari Sungai Buluh and Nagari Sungai Buluh Selatan has occurred since the issuance of Minister of Home Affairs Regulation (Permendagri) number 45 of 2016 concerning the establishment and confirmation of village boundaries which mandates each local government to establish and confirm village boundaries. Based on the regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs, Nagari Sungai Buluh Selatan has determined the boundaries of the administrative area with the original village before the expansion, namely Nagari Sungai Buluh (main), this can be seen from the 2012 customary density decision letter of the nagari, but when it will confirm the boundaries These problems arise, one of which is not receiving the results of the initial agreement.

Păstoritul de pe Valea Argeșului – coordonate spațiale

"Shepherding on Argeș Valley – spatial coordinates This paper presents the essential elements that define the spatial coordinate characteristic of shepherding which is practised in the sub-Carpathian villages on the Argeș Valley, following the documentary attestations of the villages, the genesis and evolution of the village boundaries, the evolution of land ownership and the right to use lands (in condominium or individually). Also within the spatial coordinate, there are researched the traditional ways in which the potential of the rural land fund is highlighted, as a result of its geomorphological, pedological, climatic qualities, etc., the study taking into consideration all the areal types with pastoral potential, not only those on the administrative territory of the villages, but also those in the mountain area destined for summer grazing. If for the presentation of origins, attestations, borderline fixation of the villages from the studied areal, documents, monographic studies and other categories of specialized works have been used, for the understanding of the manner of pastoral, individual and especially collective exploitation of the land fund by the village communities, of valorizing the fodder qualities of the different types of surfaces, it was necessary to carry out field research in the three targeted villages: Albeștii de Argeș, Corbeni and Arefu, all in the Argeș County. The visit of sheepfolds from Lespezi, Lipitoarea, Ciocanu, Podeanu, Oticu, in the alpine hollow of the Făgăraș Mountains, were necessary both for studying some elements related to the spatial coordinate (sheepfold location, daily travel routes, travel routes from the village hearth to the mountains, etc.) as well as for conducting interviews, based on an elaborate questionnaire, interviews generating unique and extremely useful information also for researching the other coordinates of the pastoral system practiced in the area. Keywords: shepherding, Argeș Valley, spatial coordinate, pastoral system, field research "

A New Open-Air Sanctuary from Northern Caria

Fig. 1: Map of the Open-Air Sanctuary Cariklar Open-Air Sanctuary is located within the boundaries of Cariklar village in the northwest of Aydin province. The sanctuary is in the northeast section of Germencik District (Figs. 1-6). It was discovered southwest of the village during a court expertise in 08.11.2013. It is built on a massive conglomerate rock, dominating the Menderes Plain located to its south. The archaeological remains were observed at an altitude of 380-400 m above sea level,...

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF COMPILATION OF LAND MANAGEMENT DOCUMENTATION FOR LAND ALLOCATION

The purpose of the article is to study the existing approaches to the development of land management documentation and the development of methodological aspects of compiling land management documentation for land allocation. The paper analyzes modern approaches to the preparation of land management documentation for land allocation in Ukraine. The directions and schemes of formation of land management documentation on land allocation taking into account previous experience are determined. The presented differences in the methods of developing such projects complicate the implementation of the tasks. The difficulty arises due to the lack of a procedure for the development of land management projects for the allocation of land, the obsolescence of norms, standards and rules, the contradiction between some regulations. The current regulations on land allocation and the formation of land management schemes are analyzed. Methodical recommendations for compiling land management documentation for land allocation, taking into account modern standards and requirements, regulatory and technical regulations, etc. have been developed. The project of establishment (change) of borders of administrative-territorial formations is developed in cases of creation of new, association, distribution, accession, increase or decrease in the area of existing administrative-territorial formations. Currently, the process of creating new, unifying, distributing administrative-territorial entities takes place mainly at the level or within the administrative districts, within which the boundaries of village (settlement) councils and settlements are created or changed. The territory of each administrative-territorial entity has its own boundaries - conditional lines that separate it from other territories. They are established and changed on the basis of land management projects developed by state and other land management organizations in accordance with the feasibility studies of their development, master plans of settlements. The provisions developed in the article will increase the efficiency of land use through the proposed more effective scheme for the formation of accounting and reporting digital documentation.

Digital innovation in rural area. A vision for smart village in Dropull

The rural areas in Albania are undergoing rapid demographic, social and economic changes concerning emigration, depopulation, population ageing, little use of agriculture, livestock, tourism potential, and marginalization due to market and service centralization and poor infrastructure. In the present condition of isolation and rural decay, the creation of an easy two-way connection between territory and the people can open up new opportunities to revitalize rural areas. The crucial role of these networks is to collect community potentials, create partnerships and offer benefits to the rural community. In this sense, the use of innovative digital technologies can become an important instrument to develop virtual networking through which a smart multimedia interactive platform can provide information, knowledge sharing and interconnection among different sectors. EU has already launched and promoted these concepts since 2017, through Smart Village initiative (European Commission, 2017), paying particular attention to the use of innovative digital technologies that create a new form of network cooperation beyond the village boundaries, involving the surrounding countryside and towns. Smart village means effectively and efficiently services delivered to the residents and businesses to improve their economic, social and environmental conditions, in particular finding out solutions offered by digital technologies. Digital innovation based on computing, communication and information technologies can act as an accelerator exploiting the hidden potential in the area. In the case of the proposed smart villages in the Municipality of Dropull, the first step to developing virtual networks through digital tools that support smart development is to provide digital infrastructure, broadband internet and to build a rural digital hub. This multi-service hub structure will be located in Jorgucat village, the municipality center, and it will manage digital services that respond to local needs offering support and training for the community. The aim is to create a network between the local community and other actors in different fields by facilitating the delivery of public services and offering new opportunities. Based on community needs, the objective of this study is to create a fast network of information and exchange between the territory and its governance, which enables information sharing and resource access for the people and tourists. In order to create this network, different e-tools (apps.) can be used to support and facilitate the process, focusing on the following vulnerable sectors of this Municipality: 1. Access to e-health, education, training and other essential services 2. Online market and promotion of local products 3. Online booking service, promoting tourism, heritage and cultural activities 4. Mobility 5. Governance. These tools are considered as a catalyst for the proposed network, which serves to reactivate human, environmental and financial resources in these villages and improve the attractiveness and competitiveness of rural areas. Successful networking models and e-tools already used in EU “smart villages” will be introduced to understand the structure of the information system and management. This will constitute the basis for the development of specific networking models inherent to the particularities of the Dropull villages, which can be supported by e-tools.

Dinamika Pemekaran Wilayah Nagari Rabi Jonggor Kabupaten Pasaman Barat

This article examines the dynamics of jurisdictive village boundary realignment of Nagari Rabi Jonggor, Pasaman Barat District, West Sumatra. This research employs bibliographical study by examining and analyzing various references relating to such issue and observing its dynamics, village budget allocation, the division of customary lands, the establishment of customary organization, and the practices of Nagari (village) government. As well, this article sketches the advangages and disadvantages of the remapping of such village administrative areas. Keywords: administrative areas, boundary realignment, Nagari Rabi Jonggor.

Deserted Medieval Village Reconstruction Using Applied Geosciences

This study presents a new way to reconstruct the extent of medieval archaeological sites by using approaches from the field of geoinformatics. Hence, we propose a combined use of non-invasive methodologies which are used for the first time to study a medieval village in Romania. The focus here will be on ground-based and satellite remote-sensing techniques. The method relies on computing vegetation indices (proxies), which have been utilized for archaeological site detection in order to detect the layout of a deserted medieval town located in southwestern Romania. The data were produced by a group of small satellites (3U CubeSats) dispatched by Planet Labs which delivered high-resolution images of the Earth’s surface. The globe is encompassed by more than 150 satellites (dimensions: 10 × 10 × 30 cm) which catch different images for the same area at moderately short intervals at a spatial resolution of 3–4 m. The four-band Planet Scope satellite images were employed to calculate a number of vegetation indices such as NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), DVI (Difference Vegetation Index), SR (Simple Vegetation Ratio) and others. For better precision, structure from motion (SfM) techniques were applied to generate a high-resolution orthomosaic and a digital surface model in which the boundaries of the medieval village of “Șanțul Turcilor” in Mașloc, Romania, can be plainly observed. Additionally, this study contrasts the outcomes with a geophysical survey that was attempted inside the central part of the medieval settlement. The technical results of this study also provide strong evidence from an historical point of view: the first documented case of village systematization during the medieval period within Eastern Europe (particularly Romania) found through geoscientific methods.