Vietnamese Language Research Articles

Developing the Capacity in Learning Sino - Nom for Students in Vietnamese Language and Literature Teacher Education at Hung Vuong University through Calliry Writing Activities

Practicing calligraphy helps learners master the art of writing Chinese characters. By practicing calligraphy, students will better understand the characteristics of Chinese characters and how to arrange those strokes into messages in text. This will help develop the ability to write Chinese characters more fluently and beautifully. Improving creativity and aesthetics, calligraphy is an art that combines art and technique. When practicing calligraphy, you will have to cultivate your creativity, find balance and aesthetics in each line. This can help improve the ability to organize ideas and express meaning in writing Sino-Nom texts. Originating from the need to study Nom character at Hung Vuong University. In the framework of the article, we focus on: Calligraphy in the practice of writing Nom character texts of students majoring in Literature pedagogy at Hung Vuong University.

Comparative Analysis between Vietnamese Reduplicative Words with Hmong Language Reduplicative Ones to Propose Measures to Correct Mistakes in using Vietnamese Reduplicative Words for Hmong Primary School Pupils in Vietnam

Our article “Comparative analysis between Vietnamese reduplicative words with Hmong language reduplicative ones to propose measures to correct mistakes in using Vietnamese reduplicative words for Hmong primary school pupils in Vietnam.” Shows that the similarities and the differences in type, formation, meanings middle of the Vietnamese reduplicative word with the Hmong language reduplicative ones. These similarities and differences create linguistic interferences that help us correctly predict the errors in using Vietnamese reduplicative words of Hmong primary school pupils. To prove this prediction to be correct, we have surveyed, totaled up, and analyzed the causes of errors in using Vietnamese reduplicative words due to language interference of Hmong primary school pupils in Vietnam. From there, we propose and conduct effective experiments to prove the feasibility of measures to correct errors in using Vietnamese reduplicative words for the Hmong primary school pupils in Vietnam. This research has practical significance in language education is to contributes to improving the quality of Vietnamese language teaching for the Hmong primary school pupils in Vietnam.

<span>Using teaching facilities to support Khmer ethnic students at some primary schools in Soc Trang, An Giang and Dong Thap in learning Vietnamese</span>

This article studies the use of visual teaching aids in supporting Khmer students at some primary schools in Soc Trang, An Giang, and Dong Thap provinces to learn Vietnamese well. Specifically, the article points out the influence of mother tongue on pronunciation and word use of Khmer students at some primary schools in Soc Trang, An Giang and Dong Thap provinces in learning Vietnamese. It also shows that visual teaching aids can facilitate stundents learning to read, write, speak, and narrate in Vietnamese language, and makes clear the demand for visual support of Khmer students in some schools when learning Vietnamese. From those results, the author proposes the measure related to using visual teaching aids in teaching reading, writting, speaking, and storytelling in Vietnamese for Khmer students at some surveyed primary schools. This study used theoretical research methods to find out the influence of mother tongue on learning Vietnamese of Khmer primary school students, collected information about mispronunciation and the need for visual support of 80 Khmer students in Soc Trang, An Giang and Dong Thap provinces. The results show that students' pronunciation and word use errors are related to the similarities in sounds and meanings of the two languages, and the rate of needing visual support to learn Vietnamese is very high. Therefore, the article proposes to use visual teaching aids to support Khmer primary school students at the above provinces in learning Vietnamese with some specific instructions and examples. The study has limitations on the size of the survey sample and will be improved in next studies.

A Generative Artificial Intelligence Using Multilingual Large Language Models for ChatGPT Applications

ChatGPT plays significant roles in the third decade of the 21st Century. Smart cities applications can be integrated with ChatGPT in various fields. This research proposes an approach for developing large language models using generative artificial intelligence models suitable for small- and medium-sized enterprises with limited hardware resources. There are many generative AI systems in operation and in development. However, the technological, human, and financial resources required to develop generative AI systems are impractical for small- and medium-sized enterprises. In this study, we present a proposed approach to reduce training time and computational cost that is designed to automate question–response interactions for specific domains in smart cities. The proposed model utilises the BLOOM approach as its backbone for using generative AI to maximum the effectiveness of small- and medium-sized enterprises. We have conducted a set of experiments on several datasets associated with specific domains to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Experiments using datasets for the English and Vietnamese languages have been combined with model training using low-rank adaptation to reduce training time and computational cost. In comparative experimental testing, the proposed model outperformed the ‘Phoenix’ multilingual chatbot model by achieving a 92% performance compared to ‘ChatGPT’ for the English benchmark.

Adaptation and application of the Parent Attitudes About Childhood Vaccines survey tool in the Vietnamese language: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundParental vaccine hesitancy could lead to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. Although parental vaccine hesitancy exists in the Vietnamese community, no research has directly investigated this social phenomenon in Vietnam. Among the validated measures, the 15-item Parent Attitudes About Childhood Vaccines survey tool (PACV) was reliable for predicting vaccine-hesitant parents. However, the PACV was not available in Vietnamese. This study aimed to develop a Vietnamese version of the PACV and examine factors associated with parental vaccine hesitancy in Hue city, Vietnam.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional study. The English PACV was translated into Vietnamese with content and face validation. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 400 parents at ten commune health centres in Hue city, Vietnam. The parents were asked to answer the questionnaire again after two weeks for the test–retest reliability. The Vietnamese PACV reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega, and the intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients were used for the test–retest reliability. The construct validity was tested by the hypothesis that parental vaccine hesitancy would be related to the intention of getting the children vaccinated. Exploratory factor analysis was also undertaken to determine the construct validity. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify the factors associated with parental vaccine hesitancy.ResultsThe Vietnamese PACV final version (PACV-Viet) contained 14 items. Three hundred and fifteen parents returned completed questionnaires, giving a response rate of 78.8%. The Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega were 0.72 and 0.70, respectively. Out of 315 parents, 84 responses were returned for test–retest reliability. All ICCs were good to excellent, ranging from 0.81 to 0.99. The PACV-Viet was confirmed to have construct validity. Using the PACV-Viet, 8.9% of the parents were found hesitant to childhood vaccination. Being unemployed and having seen the news about adverse events following immunisation were associated with parental vaccine hesitancy, with AOR = 3.2 (95% CI 1.3–8.0) and AOR = 4.5 (95% CI 1.2–16.7), respectively.ConclusionsThe PACV-Viet is a valid and reliable tool. Community outreach is necessary to alleviate parents’ concerns about childhood vaccination.

Insights into Homeschooling in Vietnam: Vietnamese Parents’ Perspectives and Approaches to Cultivating Mother Language Skills and Literary Appreciation for their Children

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, homeschooling has emerged as a viable alternative in Vietnam, raising questions about its effectiveness compared to traditional schooling. While offering personalized learning and cultural immersion, concerns remain regarding social development, academic rigor, and systemic recognition. This qualitative study delves into the experiences of Vietnamese homeschooling families, utilizing semi-structured interviews to uncover thematic patterns in parental narratives. We explore how parents navigate curriculum design, resource utilization, and social interaction to foster their children’s Vietnamese language fluency and literary appreciation. By analyzing their strategies and challenges, our findings inform educational policymakers in developing support systems for homeschooling families and guide parents in creating enriching learning environments. This study opens a crucial dialogue on the future of homeschooling in Vietnam, encouraging stakeholders to explore its potential and address its limitations to ensure every child receives a high-quality education.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ МАСКУЛИННОСТИ И ФЕМИНИННОСТИ ЧЕРЕЗ ГЕНДЕРНЫЕ СТЕРЕОТИПЫ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ВЬЕТНАМСКОГО ЯЗЫКА)

The categories of femininity and masculinity, studied from the perspective of gender stereotypes, are opposed to each other in qualitative and quantitative terms. According to the results of the study, the following patterns were revealed: gender stereotypes reflect the patriarchal way of Vietnamese society, indicate the presence of gender asymmetry (femininity is represented in the Vietnamese language more widely compared to the category of masculinity), fix gender discrimination against women, whose image is often negatively labeled. Key words: masculinity, femininity, gender stereotype, Vietnamese language, phraseological units, paroemias

A semi-supervised approach for Vietnamese stock news classification with deep learning

Stock-related news and articles on Vietnamese economic websites and blogs are rapidly increasing, but they are mixed with entertainment news, miscellaneous topics, and advertisements. This makes it annoy for real investors and analysts who only focus to find and analyze the stock-related information that matters (Boudoukh, 2013). This research introduces a novel method for automatically labeling the relevance of news articles to the stock market, based on a set of criteria derived from financial domain knowledge. In addition, this study also develops a deep learning classifier model that leverages the BERT architecture and the Vietnamese language model (viBERT) (Tran, 2020) to achieve high accuracy and efficiency in scoring the stock market news. This approach helps investors and analysts to filter out the irrelevant content on Vietnamese economic websites and access the most useful information for their mainstream analysis of stock movements.

Revitalizing Bahnaric Language through Neural Machine Translation: Challenges, Strategies, and Promising Outcomes

The Bahnar, a minority ethnic group in Vietnam with ancient roots, hold a language of deep cultural and historical significance. The government is prioritizing the preservation and dissemination of Bahnar language through online availability and cross-generational communication. Recent AI advances, including Neural Machine Translation (NMT), have transformed translation with improved accuracy and fluency, fostering language revitalization through learning, communication, and documentation. In particular, NMT enhances accessibility for Bahnar language speakers, making information and content more available. However, translating Vietnamese to Bahnar language faces practical hurdles due to resource limitations, particularly in the case of Bahnar language as an extremely low-resource language. These challenges encompass data scarcity, vocabulary constraints, and a lack of fine-tuning data. To address these, we propose transfer learning from selected pre-trained models to optimize translation quality and computational efficiency, capitalizing on linguistic similarities between Vietnamese and Bahnar language. Concurrently, we apply tailored augmentation strategies to adapt machine translation for the Vietnamese-Bahnar language context. Our approach is validated through superior results on bilingual Vietnamese-Bahnar language datasets when compared to baseline models. By tackling translation challenges, we help revitalize Bahnar language, ensuring information flows freely and the language thrives.

AN APPLICATION OF VIDEO SCREENCAST FEEDBACK ON WRITING ASSIGNMENTS: A CASE STUDY

Most research on screencast feedback has focused on student’s writing progress without scrutinizing the attitude of students towards this type of feedback, especially in the context of developing countries. This research was carried out to explore the perspectives of Vietnamese foreign language students on screencast feedback in their writing practices. Participants were two B1 level (Common European Framework of Reference for languages - CEFR) students who had studied academic writing for a year during which they had only received oral and written feedback. In this study, a three-month experiment was performed to provide video-based feedback to ensure the participants had enough time to experience this new type of feedback. Afterwards, two indepth interviews were conducted. The results revealed that both students expressed their favorable attitude to screencast feedback, especially in the aspects of convenience, clarity, learning engagement and motivation stimuli. However, they also showed concern about some issues relating to technology and interaction.

How to deeply understand the voice of the customer? A proposal for a synthesis of techniques for analyzing online reviews in the hospitality industry

PurposeThis study aims to use the voice of the customer (VoC) strategy to collect user-generated content (UGC) compare customer expectations with reality, make the necessary improvements for the business and create personalized strategies for each customer to maximize revenue, focus on hospitality industry in Vietnam market.Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes a synthesis of techniques for a deep understanding of the VoC based on online reviews in the hospitality industry. First, 409,054 comments were collected from websites in the hospitality sector. Second, the data will be organized, stored, cleaned, analyzed and evaluated. Next, research using business intelligence (BI) solutions integrating three models, including net promoter score (NPS), graph model and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), based on natural language processing (NLP) technique, experiment on Vietnamese and English data to explore the multidimensional voice of customer’s row. Finally, a dashboard system will be implemented to visualize analysis results and recommendations on marketing strategies to improve product and service quality.FindingsExperimental results allow analysts and managers to “listen to the customer’s voice” accurately and effectively, identify relationships between entities, topics of discussion in favor of positive and negative trends.Originality/valueThe novelty in this study is the integration of three models, including NPS, graph model and LDA. These models are combined based on the BI solution and NLP technique. The study also conducted experiments on both Vietnamese and English languages, which ensures more effective practical application.

Transfer learning methods for low-resource speech accent recognition: A case study on Vietnamese language

Speech accent recognition (SAR) plays a crucial role in enhancing communication between customers and service providers, enabling personalized interactions based on geographical, birthplace, and cultural cues derived from accents. However, current approaches predominantly rely on training SAR models from scratch, overlooking the potential of transfer learning from other speech processing tasks, despite the relatively small size of accent datasets. This paper represents the first comprehensive investigation into the effectiveness of transfer learning methods derived from a diverse array of data-rich speech processing tasks for SAR. Through experiments on a practical Vietnamese telephone dataset provided by Viettel, the largest telecommunications provider in Southeast Asia, our study reveals that our best-performing model outperforms previous state-of-the-art SAR models by 46.7% in terms of relative accuracy.

EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTING THE GRADE 1 MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM FOR ETHNIC MINORITY STUDENTS

The paper examines the current state of teaching Grade 1 Mathematics to ethnic minority students in some mountainous provinces of Vietnam. Based on survey results, five proposed strategies are outlined: 1/ Identify the required outcomes for Grade 1 mathematics for ethnic minority students and suggest appropriate teaching plan. 2/ Focus on teaching essential and practical knowledge and skills that are relevant to the students' daily lives. 3/ Mobilize students' experiences and the resources of both the school and the community to help students perceive the relevance, appeal, and benefits of learning mathematics. 4/ Integrate content that enhances Vietnamese language proficiency into mathematics lessons. 5/ Apply multimedia tools in mathematics lessons to help ethnic minority students overcome language barriers.

Validation of individual work performance questionnaire in a Vietnamese context

PurposeThis study aims to address the reliability and construct validity of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ) in a Vietnamese context. Using the IWPQ as a measurement tool, this research also examined whether demographic features (such as gender, education level, work experience and position in a company) influenced employees’ work performance.Design/methodology/approachThe Vietnamese IWPQ was validated via a two-step process of factor analysis, including an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The data collected were randomly divided into two subsamples to independently serve the EFA (n = 341) and CFA (n = 342). ANOVAs and t-tests were also used to examine the differences in individual work performance (IWP) among different demographic categories.FindingsThe results of the current study confirmed the applicability of the three-dimensional IWPQ in a Vietnamese context. In addition, they also indicated several demographic features that impacted employees’ patterns of responses to IWPQ dimensions.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focused on the construct validity of the IWPQ, without taking the content, face or criterion validity into consideration. Thus, future research should be conducted to yield a more comprehensive validation of the instrument, to measure the relationship between human resource development (HRD) practices and employee performance and to examine the relationship between strategic HRD and IWP and firm outcomes. In addition, the validated Vietnamese version of the IWPQ may inspire comparative studies on individual performance within and between units in an organization and among organizations and industries.Practical implicationsHRD practitioners can now use the validated IWPQ in the Vietnamese language to assess fluctuations in and analyze current staff performance, thereby facilitating human resource management and development. This study also offers recommendations for business leaders and HRD practitioners striving to implement strategic HRD aimed at reducing disparities in gender and between educational qualifications and job assignments at workplace, with the overarching goals of enhancing staff performance. These recommendations prove instrumental in improving staff performance, strengthening organizational efficiency and ultimately tackling the issue of low productivity in Vietnam and neighboring countries.Social implicationsThis study findings underscore the significance of embracing strategic HRD while taking into account individual, organizational and contextual factors that influence IWP. This approach serves to bridge current gaps related to IWP, including Vietnam’s comparatively lower productivity compared to neighboring nations, educational qualifications and role allocations within the workplace, as well as the prevailing work standards and strategic objectives.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this rigorously validated Vietnamese version of the IWPQ is the first of its kind in Vietnam, making a significant contribution to inclusivity initiatives and offering substantial evidence to affirm the IWPQ’s relevance across diverse contexts.

Applications of readability findings in teaching languages

Readability or text readability, particularly in English, has been studied since the end of the 19th century with hundreds of thousands of published works. The research results on this issue are not only quite rich in resources but also universally applicable in many fields. Currently, it is an interesting problem and still being continuously studied by researchers, not only for English but also for many other languages. However, in Vietnam, the study of readability is still limited research to find the solutions to meet the social needs. Based on the findings and applicable results of readability studies, the paper, initially, presents an overview about readability and the linguistic factors having influence on readability. On the view from readability and applications, the paper investigates and analyses the linguistic factors on 3 main levels: Words, Sentences, and Texts by the illustrative case studies in English language, or Vietnamese language. On this basis, the paper suggests the practical applications of readability in teaching languages ​​in general, particularly in the context of teaching English in Vietnam currently, to meet the demand for users and Vietnamese community in the era of technology.

Testing the Performance of Vietnamese Expats Learning Vietnamese Language on Digital Platforms

Testing the Performance of Vietnamese Expats Learning Vietnamese Language on Digital Platforms

APPLICATION OF COMMUNICATION METHODS IN TEACHING VIETNAMESE TO FOREIGN LEARNERS

In the context of international integration, the heightened focus on communication and global cooperation has underscored the growing importance of teaching the Vietnamese language to foreign learners. This article centers on the application of communicative methodologies in the pedagogical process of teaching Vietnamese to foreign learners. It presents several recommendations for the effective implementation of these methodologies. This article employs theoretical analysis methods, document analysis, and sociological experiments to yield research findings. Additionally, it assesses the common challenges faced by instructors teaching Vietnamese as a foreign language and proposes strategic solutions to address these challenges. By emphasizing the application of communicative methodologies, this paper strives to contribute to the enhancement of the quality of Vietnamese language instruction for foreign learners and to promote cultural and linguistic integration among nations and diverse ethnicities worldwide.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MEANS OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION IN UKRAINIAN AND VIETNAMESE CULTURES (ON THE MATERIAL OF A FILM STORY «POEM ABOUT THE SEA» BY O. P. DOVZHENKO)

The purpose of this article is to identify and compare non-verbal means of communication in Ukrainian and Vietnamese traditions based on the film story «Poem about the Sea» by O. P. Dovzhenko and its translation into Vietnamese. The object of the research is linguistic units indicating non-verbal behavior in Ukrainian and Vietnamese traditions, as presented in this film and its Vietnamese translation. The subject of the research is the general and personal features of perception and the use of gestures, facial expressions, gaze, intona- tions, and other non-verbal means in the process of communication. Compara- tive, semantic, cognitive, linguistic, and cultural analyses, paraverbal analysis, and the descriptive method are applied. As a result, their pragmatic meanings were determined, signs of similarities and differences, features of translation, and correlations based on the level of equivalence in artistic works were identified. A number of equivalent, background, and non-equivalent means in Ukrainian and Vietnamese languages were revealed. Conclusions and prospects of the study. Non-verbal language reflects the national character and each nation can have its own characteristics. In the works of fiction, the translator and the editor tried to convey the non-verbal behavior of the characters in such a way that the equiva- lent situations and units that most adequately convey the behavior of people of another culture in the Vietnamese language prevailed. The linguistic realiza- tion of non-verbal means is described by means of verbal means such as verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs, and accompanied by epithets, metaphors, idioms and punctuation marks. Understanding the ethnocultural features of non-verbal language is necessary for an adequate understanding of Ukrainian-Vietnamese communication and for those who work on translations of literary texts from Ukrainian to Vietnamese and vice versa. In today’s world, this field of research is becoming more and more relevant and promising

Behavioural and social drivers of COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam: a scoping review

BackgroundUnderstanding of the behavioural and social drivers (BeSD) of vaccination is key to addressing vaccine hesitancy and accessibility issues. Vietnam’s national COVID-19 vaccination programme resulted in high uptake of primary...

Harnessing H5P for Asynchronous Active Learning

Active learning, as defined by Bonwell and Eison (1991), involves students in doing things and thinking about what they are doing. Extensive research has highlighted the numerous benefits of active learning, including increased attendance rates (Kozanitis & Nenciovici, 2022), improved learning outcomes (Ruiz-Primo et al., 2011), reduced achievement gaps for underrepresented students (Haak et al., 2011; Theobald et Al., 2020), higher-order thinking skills, and enhanced student performance (Freeman et al., 2014). In comparison to traditional lectures, any form of active learning has proven to be beneficial to student learning (Schneider & Preckel, 2017). However, most research on active learning has focused predominantly on face-to-face synchronous classrooms, with little attention to active learning in online asynchronous environments. This presents an opportunity to explore design solutions that promote active learning in these asynchronous settings where students lack real-time interactions with educators and peers. The advent of HTML5 (HyperText Markup Language version 5) or H5P has the potential to revolutionise active learning in online learning settings. As a free and open-source content creation tool, H5P offers various interactive and engaging content types that enable students to interact directly with course material in meaningful ways. This interactivity encourages students to participate actively in their learning process rather than passively obtaining information from lectures. Drawing from two case studies conducted at an Australian university, this presentation highlights how H5P can be used to enhance active learning in online asynchronous courses. The first case study investigates the design of H5P training modules for a platform that supports researchers in humanities and social sciences in their sensitive data access management. This platform is part of a nation-wide project involving 12 partnering institutions and government agencies in Australia. The second case study explores the implementation of H5P learning activities in a Vietnamese language course over three years. In both cases, H5P is used as a plug-in within the Moodle learning platform. Data collection for these case studies included interviews with educators and learning designers, Moodle reports, and participant feedback surveys. The findings from the thematic analysis and the learning analytics revealed substantial benefits of using H5P for active learning, along with the technical and pedagogical challenges encountered during the design process. The presentation features exemplary cases and insights from the case studies to suggest H5P design solutions that foster active participation, reflective thinking, and knowledge construction for students in online asynchronous settings.