Video Subsystem Research Articles

АНАЛИЗ КОМПОНЕНТОВ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ ИНТЕРФЕЙСА DisplayPort, ВЛИЯЮЩИХ НА ПОБОЧНОЕ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОЕ ИЗЛУЧЕНИЕ

The present paper aims to determine possible approaches to the analysis of side electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of the monitor video subsystem with the DisplayPort interface within the framework of the investigation of computer processed information (CPI) security. An automated workplace with a single monitor and, accordingly, a specification for a single-threaded video signal transmission mode is considered as the CPI under study. In order to achieve this aim, the components of the DisplayPort interface architecture, the characteristics of the signal propagation medium from the source to the receiver and algorithm for forming transport units have been studied. The correlation between the number of active data transmission lines, the clock frequency per line and the characteristics of the transmitted data are described. The conducted experiment has shown that the power of the EMR depends on the shielding actions used in the cable design. When studying the interface architecture components that affect the EMR energy spectrum, it was found that the interference immunity of the main channel lines depends on the settings of the DisplayPort - DPCD. This dependence makes possible to change the configuration (for example, scrambling, data encryption and the use of frequency modulation with an extended spectrum) by software tools and thus significantly affect the quality of laboratory testing. Based on the results of the present study, a procedure for analyzing the necessary information for the application of approaches is proposed and the procedure for applying instrumental actions in preparation for laboratory studies is developed. This will allow obtaining more accurate values of the power of the useful signal when monitoring the processed information security of the CPI with the DisplayPort interface. Further research will be aimed at laboratory tests of the described approaches under operating conditions.

РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ МЕТОДИКИ PSMECA АНАЛІЗУ ПРИ ЗАСТОСУВАННІ IoT КОМПОНЕНТІВ У СИСТЕМАХ ФІЗИЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

Physical security systems are applied to alert in advance a well-known vector of attacks. This paper presents an analysis of the research and assessment of physical security systems applying the PSMECA technique (analysis of modes, efforts, and criticality of physical security). The object of research and analysis is the physical security system of the Ministry of Education and Science of Iraq (as the infrastructure of the region's objects), as well as the area of the compact living of students and co-workers (campus). This paper discusses the organization of physical security systems, which are based on devices with low power consumption and function in the Internet of things environment. The main aim is to describe and develop a physical security system that functions in the Internet of things environment, as well as the development of a scheme for the research and development of models and methods for risk analysis, models of functions and components, models of failures and conducting research and analysis of occurrence failures of PSS. The generalized structural and hierarchical scheme of the physical security system of the infrastructure of the region is presented, as well as the applied application of the scheme is illustrated by the example of the physical security system of a student campus of one of the universities of Baghdad. The functional modeling scheme of the object is provided and is based on the use of the Raspberry Pi microcomputer and the Arduino microcontroller. The set-theoretical models of functions, components, and failures of the system under study, as well as the projection of a hierarchical failure structure in the table of the basic structural elements of the system, are presented. The IDEF0 diagram, showing a power outage scenario (accidental or intentional) in connection with lighting and video subsystems, is presented. The scheme of research and development of models and methods of analysis of risks of PSS is carried out in the paper. A PSMECA table for the CCTV system has been created, which allows you to more precisely determine the cause of the failure in the physical security system and the importance of failure criticality

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ГЕНЕРАТОРА ЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ РЕАЛЬНОГО ЗАТУХАНИЯ ИНФОРМАТИВНЫХ СИГНАЛОВ ПОБОЧНЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНЫХ ИЗЛУЧЕНИЙ

A determination of real attenuation of information signal's radiation on a way from the source to a possible location of intelligence devices is considered to be the most difficult operation while assessing information security against leakage of electromagnetic emanation. In this context the problem of automation of this kind of measurement is of great interest. It takes considerable effort and time to measure the attenuation by existing automated systems. That is why the measurements are generally taken within the limited range of frequencies only. Along with that, a spectre of a single information impulse has a leaf-structure and is solid on every frequency leaf. So electromagnetic field intensity attenuation measurement carried on the some preselected frequencies is not able to represent the complete attenuation characteristics. The measurements of attenuation in the whole informative signal spectre within the given frequency range requires a few thousand measurements, which makes the current method ineffective and time consuming. The relevant specialized automatized measurement systems of security verification has active protection system noise measurement mode, which can be used to measure the real attenuation. In this article a rather exact method of real attenuation of informative signal of video subsystem of electron-ray tube monitor measurement is described and confirmed in experiment. The measurements were made using specialized automatized system “Sigurd” and video subsystem informative signal noise generator. The described method allows a significant reduction of the time needed for specialized investigations of security verification on electromagnetic emanation.

A Wireless Control System to Manipulate Smart Car

In this paper, a design scheme of intelligent car control system based on Android mobile phone control is presented. Through a drive control system, the car can be controlled by mobile phone terminal. Its video subsystem can accomplish real-time transmission of images from the smart car to the mobile phone terminal, while a ranging subsystem can realize intelligent car obstacle avoidance function. The above functions have been realized through the intelligent car control system.

Combining modality-specific extreme learning machines for emotion recognition in the wild

This paper proposes extreme learning machines (ELM) for modeling audio and video features for emotion recognition under uncontrolled conditions. The ELM paradigm is a fast and accurate learning alternative for single layer Feedforward networks. We experiment on the acted facial expressions in the wild corpus, which features seven discrete emotions, and adhere to the EmotiW 2014 challenge protocols. In our study, better results for both modalities are obtained with kernel ELM compared to basic ELM. We contrast several fusion approaches and reach a test set accuracy of 50.12 % (over a video-only baseline of 33.70 %) on the seven-class (i.e. six basic emotions plus neutral) EmotiW 2014 Challenge, by combining one audio and three video sub-systems. We also compare ELM with partial least squares regression based classification that is used in the top performing system of EmotiW 2014, and discuss the advantages of both approaches.

A Perimeter Intrusion Detection System Based on Sensor Network for Airport Application

Since the Security Infrastructure Construction Standard forCivil Aviation Transportation Airport (MH/T 7003-2008) revised by Civil Aviation Administration of China in 2008, more and more technologies have been applied in the airport security to meet the standard requirements. With the advent of internet of things era, the things interconnection and the coordination sensation of sensor network technology provide a new technical means for airport security. A perimeter intrusion detection system (PIDS) based on sensor network is proposed and designed for safeguarding airport flight area from illegal intrusion. The PIDS consists of a front-end detection sub-system, a control center sub-system, a network transmission sub-system, a power supply sub-system, an intelligent video sub-system , a video monitor sub-system, a combination meteorological sub-system and a lighting and sound alarm sub-system.It can accurately identify the type of intrusion, locate the intrusion target, and reduce false alarms caused by environmental interference. The PIDS based on sensor network has been successfully applied in the security of Shanghai Pudong International Airport flight area.

Experimental studies on cracking processes and failure in marble under dynamic loading

The loading conditions influence not only the strength but also the cracking behaviors of rocks. The crack behavior study in various rock types containing artificially created flaws under the quasi-static loading condition has been extensively studied in the past. In the present study, the research of cracking processes in a natural rock is extended to dynamic loading conditions, which are then compared with the quasi-static results. Carrara marble specimens containing a single pre-existing open flaw are tested. The dynamic loadings are generated by the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) system with the high-speed data acquisition subsystem and the high-speed video subsystem. Firstly, the influences of the flaw inclination angle on the compressive strength of the marble specimens are discussed and compared under these two loading conditions. Secondly, the cracking processes of marble are analyzed, which are found to consist of two stages—the development of white patches and the growth of macro-cracks. In the first stage, under these two loading conditions, the white patch patterns are generally similar with only minor differences. Significant differences with respect to the macro-crack types and the failure modes are found in the second stage. Under the quasi-static compression, the tensile wing and anti-wing white patches evolve into the closed tensile wing cracks (only for low flaw inclination angle specimens) and the open anti-wing cracks, subsequently leading to the specimen failure. In contrast, under dynamic compression, only the anti-wing and shear patches evolve into two symmetrical pairs of shear cracks, which result in the specimen failure. The flaw inclination angle appears not to influence the shape and orientation of the shear crack trajectories far away from the flaw tips. Therefore, the failure mode under quasi-static compression is dominantly diagonal, while the failure mode under dynamic compression is “X” shape regardless of the flaw inclination angle.

Design and evaluation of a network-based course

A network-based course was developed for the subject of computer network basis at a higher vocational college. This paper describes the functional design, structural design, and assessment design of the course. In terms of functional design, the course has four subsystems including the basic information subsystem, downloading subsystem, teaching video subsystem, and forum subsystem. The structural design focuses on web page design including navigational features, online tests, and interactivity design. The assessment design intends to investigate students’ performance and teaching quality. A tentative evaluation was conducted on the students to examine their perceptions on the design and use of the course. Results show that the network-based course was more efficient than the conventional classroom teaching. Most students mentioned that they gained additional knowledge from the course. Some limitations of the course were also identified and would be addressed in the future.

Audio–Visual Active Speaker Tracking in Cluttered Indoors Environments $^{\ast}$

We propose a system for detecting the active speaker in cluttered and reverberant environments where more than one person speaks and moves. Rather than using only audio information, the system utilizes audiovisual information from multiple acoustic and video sensors that feed separate audio and video tracking modules. The audio module operates using a particle filter (PF) and an information-theoretic framework to provide accurate acoustic source location under reverberant conditions. The video subsystem combines in 3-D a number of 2-D trackers based on a variation of Stauffer's adaptive background algorithm with spatiotemporal adaptation of the learning parameters and a Kalman tracker in a feedback configuration. Extensive experiments show that gains are to be expected when fusion of the separate modalities is performed to detect the active speaker.

Audio–Visual Active Speaker Tracking in Cluttered Indoors Environments

We propose a system for detecting the active speaker in cluttered and reverberant environments where more than one person speaks and moves. Rather than using only audio information, the system utilizes audiovisual information from multiple acoustic and video sensors that feed separate audio and video tracking modules. The audio module operates using a particle filter (PF) and an information-theoretic framework to provide accurate acoustic source location under reverberant conditions. The video subsystem combines in 3-D a number of 2-D trackers based on a variation of Stauffer's adaptive background algorithm with spatiotemporal adaptation of the learning parameters and a Kalman tracker in a feedback configuration. Extensive experiments show that gains are to be expected when fusion of the separate modalities is performed to detect the active speaker.

THE TACQ COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR AUTOMATIC TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY MEASUREMENTS: I. DESIGN AND OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS

Despite the increased use of time domain reflectometry (TDR) for measurement of soil water content and bulkelectrical conductivity (BEC), there are few public releases of software for TDR system control. The TACQ program,under development since the early 1990s on a wide variety of soils, allows control of multiplexed systems supporting up to256 TDR probes. The program is DOS-based to ease creation of low-power, embedded computer systems; and toeliminate resource conflicts and timing difficulties inherent to multi-tasking, Windows-based operating systems. So that itcan be easily used in embedded systems, the program was written to run with as little as 640 kbytes of RAM and 1 Mbyteof expanded memory, and with a variety of graphics standards and CPUs ranging from 80186 to Pentium. Embeddedcomputer systems based on the PC-104 specification have been implemented using TACQ; and the program has beenintegrated into a supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) for irrigation scheduling and control. Using aparallel port, the program controls multiplexers from both Campbell Scientific (Logan, Utah), and Dynamax (Houston,Texas); and it allows reading of probes in any user-defined order if using the latter. The user has complete control overmultiplexer address assignments, interconnection of multiplexers, and probe locations on each multiplexer; includingindividual settings for probe length, window width, averaging, distance to each probe, gain, and type of data acquired(waveform, travel time, apparent permittivity, water content, relative voltages for bulk electrical conductivity, or acombination of these). Interfaces to TDR instruments including Tektronix 1502 (modified), 1502B, and 1502C cabletesters are implemented through an RS-232 port. Concurrent temperature data may also be acquired (ComputerBoardsmodels CIO-DASx). System power control is implemented through the computers own power management capabilities,and through direct control of power to the TDR instrument and video subsystem where applicable, thus allowing creationof very low-power systems. The program is stable and suitable for use in environmental measurement systems that areunattended for long periods of time. Waveform interpretation methods are discussed in the second paper in this series.

Implementation of digital HDTV video decoder by multiple multimedia video processors

A digital HDTV video decoder system is designed and implemented by using multiple multimedia video processors in a loosely-coupled multi-processor architecture. This decoder system can decompress video bitstream up to 20 Mbits/s and produce analog output at HDTV pixel rate. This design has the advantage of hardware scalability to adapt different picture resolutions and computation requirements. The design target is the video subsystem of a digital HDTV receiver.

Performance measurements on the Heidelberg audio/video distribution system: methodology and results

The integration of continuous presentation media like audio and video into current workstation and networking environments imposes tight timing constraints on A/V data transfer. These constraints are summarized under the term Quality of Service (QoS), which comprise a number of parameters. Among those, delay and delay jitter are the most important. In the study presented in this paper, measurement and modelling methods have been applied to analyse the delay and delay jitter incurred by audio/video streams. An experimental audio/video distribution system called HeiDi (Heidelberg A/V Distribution System) intended for the fully digital distribution of compressed, packetized audio and video over a token ring local area network served as testbed for the analysis. Measurements were conducted with the ZM4 (abbreviation for the German name Zählmonitor 4) monitoring system developed at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg especially for performance analysis of distributed systems. For modelling, Monitoring Petri Nets are used, a class of Petri nets which lends itself well for the integration of measurement and modelling. Results indicate that the audio/ video subsystem and the communication subsystem must be closely integrated to yield a sufficient performance.

Independent control of dual video subsystems on the IBM PC and compatibles

Two methods for generating video output on multiple video monitors are described. The first method involves splitting the signal from a single video adaptor card-so that multiple video monitors may be attached. Although this method is simple and relatively cost-effective, it is limited to adaptors that produce only digital video signals, thus precluding the use of VGA systems and composite displays. The second method involves the installation and programming of video adaptors: Two sample programs, which control a secondary adaptor by means of either BIOS routines or direct commands via C code, are described. Although more complex, this second method allows output to each display to be controlled independently. Furthermore, output to one screen may consist of graphics information while output to the second screen consists of text. Together, both methods can be used to create an experimental system composed of multiple data-collection stations and an independent experimenter console.

VGA—sign choices for a new video subsystem

The VGA (Video Graphics Array) video subsystem is provided as standard on the system boards of the IBM Personal System/2® Models 50 and above. VGA was designed to meet the objectives set for these new systems and to support compatibility with older IBM offerings, while at the same time providing greater performance and increased function. The IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) was chosen as the compatibility base for VGA, since EGA had become the video standard for IBM-compatible computer systems. Six new modes of operation were designed to meet the needs of new business and consumer applications and to improve the ergonomics of the systems. Higher-performance video presents several design problems, including electromagnetic interference, physical design size, and cost. These design problems were contained by implementing the VGA function in a single-gate array and by using an analog display interface. The use of a video digital-to-analog converter (DAC) allows the VGA subsystem to show any color from a choice of 256K colors when a color display is used, or 64 gray shades when a monochrome display is used. The VGA subsystem was designed to provide a uniform interface for color and monochrome that allows a color mode to be selected when a monochrome display is used, or a monochrome mode to be used on a color display. A color-summing algorithm was designed and implemented in the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) software that will allow colors to be shown as shades of gray on the monochrome display.

A CMOS triple 100-Mbit/s video D/A converter with shift register and color map

A 100-Mb/s CMOS video digital-to-analog converter (VDAC) chip is described. The VDAC provides all output functions for a four-plane color video subsystem. Included in this chip are: direct drivers for 75-/spl Omega/ cables; three 100-MHz 4-bit DACs; a color-map memory; video shift registers; cursor logic and a processor interference. The design approaches for both the analog and digital circuitry are discussed. The bench and automatic testing of this high-speed, high-pin-count, combined analog/digital chip are presented.

Shuttle Remote Manipulator System Workstation – Man-Machine Engineering

A major subsystem aboard the Shuttle Orbiter, the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) provides the capability to deploy and retrieve free-flying satellites, support attached payload operations, and aid in crewmember rescue from a disabled vehicle should the requirement arise. The Remote Manipulator System consists of 15.3-meter (50-foot) articulated booms, end effectors, operator workstation, and closed circuit video, power and control subsystems. The manipulator booms (or arms) and end effectors are located in the Orbiter payload bay and operated from inside the cabin by one crewmember. This paper is primarily concerned with the design and development of the RMS operator's workstation, the man-machine engineering features and interfaces, and man-in-the-loop simulations and testing results obtained to date by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Shear dampers for deflections of microinch magnitudes

Planetary spacecraft used for outer planet missions within our solar system, like the Mariner Jupiter/Saturn '77 (MJS77) Spacecraft, characteristically utilize either extremely long boom appendages to support science instruments sensitive to close spacecraft proximity or shorter booms that support heavy loads such as Radioisotope Thermaelectric Generators (RTG's). Common to both configurations are the small magnitude inertia effects (perturbances) that extended length or heavy boom weight might have on resulting spacecraft settling times important to clear TV picture generation by the video subsystem. For the MJS77 Spacecraft the rotation of the TV camera into a given position generates long settling times caused by the undampened perturbances of the 13-m magnetometer and heavy RTG booms. A series of modal analyses provided the necessary frequency and damping constraints for each boom to obtain short settling times. To ensure clear TV pictures 4% damping was required at very small displacements (ranging from 0.001 to 0.00005-in. deflections) and at low frequencies (1.8–0.2 Hz). The solution incorporated elastomeric shear dampers which had high loss tangent values in the frequency and temperature range expected at the base of each boom. The shear dampers were sized to ensure adequate strain and provide the desired boom stiffnesses. Presented are the shear damper design, results of full scale horizontal boom tests, and data on the effects of damper sizing, operating temperature, life cycle (fatigue) on boom frequency and damping. Instrumentation and method of boom exitation used for the full scale tests are also presented.