Victims Of Violence Research Articles

VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA E ATENDIMENTO ODONTOLÓGICO: A NECESSIDADE DE UM MANUAL DE CONDUTAS PARA CIRURGIÕES-DENTISTAS

The objective of this study is to help health professionals, especially dentists, know how to identify, approach and appropriately manage the cases of patients who have been victims of domestic violence, by offering clear, evidence-based guidance. It is carried out through a literature review, addressing issues such as oral and maxillofacial trauma associated with domestic violence. The databases consulted included LILACS, SCIELO and PUBMED, the controlled descriptors used and listed by the Health Sciences descriptors (DeCS) were: “Facial trauma”, “Domestic violence” and “Violence against women. The results highlight the need for training health professionals to ensure sensitive care and the importance of collaboration with other areas, such as psychology and social assistance. It is concluded that the implementation of the manual could improve the early detection of abuse and provide more integrated support for victims of domestic violence. Continuous training and awareness raising of dentists are essential to face the ethical and practical challenges related to caring for these patients, contributing to a more effective approach to combating domestic violence.

No Viral No Justice in the Law Enforcement System: The Study of Domestic Violence

Social media can indirectly have a great influence on the current law enforcement system. In principle, public participation through social media has a positive impact arising from community control on social media, one of which is as an effort in law enforcement to be more transparent and accountable. Regarding cases of domestic violence, in fact, until now, there are still many victims of domestic violence who do not speak up to voice their suffering. Even though the case has gone viral on social media and has received much public attention, the cases will likely be quickly processed by law enforcement officials and escorted by the community on social media, so it is hoped that the victim will get justice. The research method used is descriptive analysis, which describes or provides an overview of the object being researched, either through data or through samples collected as they are. A form of analysis is carried out, and a conclusion is made that applies to the general public. The materials used in this study are literature, consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary materials. The phenomenon of domestic violence (KDRT) has been increasing lately. Data collected from January to August 2024 recorded 15,490 cases of violence. Domestic violence cases dominated the report, with a total of 9,503 cases. One of the law enforcement processes in tackling domestic violence cases is also triggered by the virality that arises in social media.

Analysis of oral and maxillofacial injuries in women victims of domestic violence

Analysis of oral and maxillofacial injuries in women victims of domestic violence

Rejecting Identities: Stigma and Hermeneutical Injustice

ABSTRACT Hermeneutical injustice means being unjustly prevented from making sense of one’s experiences, identity or circumstances and/or communicating about them. The literature focusses almost exclusively on whether people have access to adequate conceptual resources. In this paper, we discuss a different kind of hermeneutical struggle caused by stigma. We argue that in some cases of hermeneutic injustice people have access to hermeneutical resources apt to understand their identity but reject employing these due to the stigma attached to the identity. We begin with a reinterpretation of one of the cases discussed in the literature, Edmund White’s novel A Boy’s Own Story. We argue that in this case hermeneutic resources are available but are rejected due to the stigma attached to homosexuality. We then present two analogous kinds of cases: alcohol addiction and being the victim of intimate partner violence. Here, too, hermeneutic injustice occurs because of the stigma attached to an identity rather due to unavailability of resources. We close by suggesting that these cases may, additionally, involve the wrong of ‘Tightlacing’: by meddling with their self-conception, stigma can manipulate individuals into a view of themselves that licenses inappropriate demands on them and makes them complicit in the erasure of their identities.

Nursing procedures for assisting victims of violence in emergency units

The objective of this study was to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of the Questionnaire on Preservation of Traces in Victim Assistance by Nurses to the Brazilian reality. The method used was composed by the steps: (1) semantic equivalence; (2) idiomatic equivalence; (3) empirical equivalence; (4) conceptual equivalence; and (5) pre-test. Based on the experts' analysis and recommendations, adjustments were made regarding semantic and empirical equivalence; during the assessment of idiomatic and conceptual equivalence, no changes were made. The pre-test was performed with 24 nurses and the value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was α = 0.973. The instrument's feasibility assessment showed that most participants found it easy to understand the questionnaire's instructions and questions and mark the answers, which demonstrates its validity with the sample in the pre-test. The performance of the forensic nurse is essential in emergency services. The adapted instrument is valid for use in the Brazilian context.

Internationalising higher education curricula for sustainable development: considerations for indigeneity and (inter)culturality

Higher Education (HE) can play a fundamental role in the achievement of sustainable development, and particularly the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as captured in the Incheon declaration. However, what approach HE should take in this mission is a contested space. In this paper, we interrogate the idea of indigeneity. The pursuit to ascertain how an indigenised approach to internationalisation can support or enhance the contribution of HE curricula towards sustainable development is driven by the understanding that for sustainable development to be achieved at all, the process of knowledge creation must strive to make integral those epistemologies that exist beyond the “West”; an understanding that aligns, in particular, with Target 7 of the United Nations (UN) SDG 4 and seeks to empower victims of epistemic violence. In doing so, we employed a bibliographic research which captured a dual approach consisting of a bibliometric analysis of literature and a review of case studies. The findings from both methods suggest that internationalisation appears in different disciplinary contexts, but these are not always aligned with indigenisation. We maintain that the construct of (inter)culturality can address aspects within the framework of indigeneity to boost the internationalisation of HE curricula and outcomes for sustainable development. Central to this are four factors, namely: the need for effective human engagement with (inter)cultural competence, medium/place of curricula interaction, the initiative form and the reach of the development.

Maxillofacial Trauma in Females: A Retrospective Study.

Maxillofacial trauma in females is not widely reported. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and the patterns of maxillofacial injuries in females and to determine the differences in these patterns among different causes. This retrospective study analyzed several variables, including demographic, social, injury-related, and treatment-related variables, and compared these variables in relation to the main etiologies of maxillofacial trauma. The main etiologies of maxillofacial injuries involving females were assault, followed by road traffic accidents, and falls. There were significant differences in relation to the 3 etiologies in age groups (P= 0.002) and marital status (P< 0.0001). There were significantly more soft tissue injuries in the assault group compared with the other groups (P= 0.007). Associated injuries were significantly more with injuries caused by road traffic accidents (P= 0.0009). Most females were victims of assault and violence. There were significant differences in relation to the etiology of trauma in terms of age groups, marital status, types of injury, and associated injuries. Most of the assaults were due to domestic violence.

Dangerous remembering in volatile spaces: Activist memory work in the Iranian context

This article studies the interrelations of memory work and activism in the Iranian context by focusing on the way remembering victims of state violence informs political activism. Due to constant repression, the recurrence of state violence and the criminalisation of oppositional activities and non-conforming lifestyles, the Iranian context is saturated with contentious memories that cannot be brought into public space. Oppositional memory work, especially regarding the victims of direct state violence, has thus become dangerous, counts as defiance and requires alternative spaces for taking shape. This article maps out and explains how activist memory work in this context entails carving out activist memoryscapes and intertwines personal suffering with acts of remembering the other and how memory is used as a resource in broader modes of oppositional politics, justice-seeking and endeavours towards social change. Examples of activist memory work in the Woman, Life, Freedom protests, a short documentary film and a commemorative exhibition are analysed in the article to showcase the different mnemonic dynamics at stake and to highlight the importance of mediation and cultural forms in the formation of activist memory work.

Characteristics and Consequences of Violent Victimization in Sexual and Gender Minority Communities: An Analysis of the 2017-2021 National Crime Victimization Survey.

Purpose: This article investigates rates of violent victimization, subsequent help-seeking, and health-related consequences within sexual and gender minority (SGM) communities. Methods: Aggregate data from the 2017-2021 National Crime Victimization Survey were examined to determine nationally representative estimates of rates and distributions of violent victimization, help-seeking, and socioemotional consequences within those 16 years of age and older. Due to sample size, most analyses aggregated sexual orientation and gender identity to allow comparison of SGM persons to non-SGM persons and examine differences within the SGM population. Results: Persons who identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual experienced violent victimization at rates two to six times higher than straight persons. Transgender persons were victimized more than three times as often than cisgender persons. SGM persons experienced higher rates of all types of violent victimization than non-SGM persons regardless of victim-offender relationship. There were differences by victim demographic characteristics, including sex, race and Hispanic origin, age, marital status, and household income. A higher proportion of SGM victims reported only problems with work/school or problems both at work/school and with family/friends. Finally, higher proportions of SGM victims reported socioemotional consequences when they were female, older, or experienced serious violent crime. Conclusion: The findings in this study continue to highlight high levels of violence experienced by SGM persons and disproportionate socioemotional consequences. There is an evident need to develop targeted interventions and provide services to address the consequences of victimization among this population. The analyses demonstrate the necessity of continued research to better understand the impact of violence on SGM communities.

Proximity, Family Lore, and False Claims to an Algonquin Identity

This article examines the type of family lore that leads white Canadians and Americans to claim Indigenous identities. Using a case-study approach, I demonstrate how 2000 descendants of a French-Canadian couple, born in the early 1800s near Montréal, joined one of the largest land claims in Canadian history as “Algonquins”. The tools of critical settler family history provide the necessary theoretical scaffolding to unpack how genealogical and geographical proximity to Indigenous people in the past are the bases for the family lore that propelled these individuals to become card-carrying, voting members of the land claim. Despite continued opposition to their inclusion by the Algonquins of Pikwakanagan First Nation, the only federally recognized Algonquin community involved in the land claim, these fake Algonquins remained potential land claim beneficiaries for over two decades, until an independent tribunal finally removed them in 2023. Family lore resolves the crisis in the family: no longer the colonizers responsible for Indigenous displacement and dispossession, white pretendians become the victims of settler colonial violence.

Social work research from a gender perspective into intimate partner violence against older women in Spain

ABSTRACT Intimate partner violence against older women is a hidden problem in Spain, which needs the involvement of institutions, professionals and families. This research aimed to shed light on social workers’ practices, and how they propose to perform ethical, efficient social work with older women who have been victims of intimate partner violence. In this descriptive, qualitative and exploratory study, we have compiled the expert voices of various social workers from urban and rural areas of Spain using a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The results reveal the role of the family and social workers in early detection, together with the need to provide a more efficient professional response, and to create specific resources and devices to provide comprehensive, individualised solutions for each woman.

Violence Reduction Units: What is a public health approach?

The World Health Organization (WHO) (2017: para 3), illustrate that a public health approach to reducing violence involves ‘improving the health and safety of all individuals by addressing underlying factors that increase the likelihood that an individual will become a victim or perpetrator of violence… programmes for primary prevention of violence… are designed to expose a broad segment of a population to prevention measures to reduce and prevent violence at a population-level’. These approaches to violence reduction are not a new concept, but they are becoming increasingly popular in dealing with the increasing the threat, exposure, and fear of violence in the UK. Serious Violence among all ages groups in England and Wales has significantly increased, increasing by almost 12% since 2022, nearly returning to pre-COVID-19 figures (Violence Research Group, 2023). This paper explores what is meant by adopting a public health approach to violence reduction, demonstrates how violence is a worldwide public health issue, and outlines how this underpins the recent Violence Reduction Unit initiatives in the UK. This paper provides important context for the violence prevention and reduction intervention focused papers in this special edition.

Researching gender-based violence remotely during a pandemic: challenges, opportunities and methodological implications

There has been increased awareness of the unique challenges faced by those researching gender-based violence (GBV) in recent years. While much of the literature has rightly focused on the needs of participants (as victim/survivors), less has been written around the needs of researchers. Yet we know that researching GBV can have both positive and negative impacts on researchers (Nikischer, 2019) and it has recently been recommended that researchers have access to clinical supervision when regularly exposed to traumatic material (Williamson et al, 2020). This article draws on reflections from research carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding the reasons why victims of domestic abuse and/or sexual violence may withdraw from the criminal justice process. The research team were provided with independent clinical supervision by a qualified therapist with expertise in interpersonal abuse throughout the duration of the project. Analysis of the researchers’ reflections suggest that while the move to remote research during the pandemic created opportunities in terms of flexibility there were additional emotional challenges to those experienced pre-pandemic. Importantly, this exploratory article shares reflections on the value of clinical supervision for addressing these challenges and recommends that all GBV researchers have access to this vital resource.

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE PROTECTION ORDER APPLICATION GAPS AS A VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

The article examines the main gaps of the implementation of the new version of the Law on Protection Against Domestic Violence, which entered into force in Lithuania on the 1st of July 2023, and its accompanying legislation. The topic analysed in the article is of great relevance today, because the number of criminal offences related to domestic violence in Lithuania is increasing. Domestic violence is defined as any form of physical, emotional, sexual or psychological abuse, it is a violation of human rights. The new version of the Law on Protection Against Domestic Violence introduced a new concept called the Domestic Violence Protection Order, which is a preventive protection measure designed to protect a victim of domestic violence, and which obliges abuser to move temporarily from the place of residence. This is an important step towards creating a secured society, however, there is a lack of information addressed to the problems of the implementation of Domestic Violence Protection Order in Lithuania in the context of the protection of human rights. It is therefore reasonable to investigate what problems are faced by police officers when issuing a domestic violence order and by the courts when dealing with complaints about compliance with the terms of the order issued. Thus, the object of the investigation is the Domestic Violence Protection Order. The aim of the article is to investigate the Domestic Violence Protection Order application gaps as a violation of human rights. The Objectives of the study are 1) To explore the concept of domestic violence and its legal regulation; 2) To carry out a case study of Lithuanian court practice of the Domestic Violence Protection Order application problems. The methods used for the investigation: analysis of literature and legislation and a case study of a court decision. To fulfil the purpose of the research, a specific case of court practice was analysed. In this case even several violations committed by police officers when issuing a domestic violence order for a person and checking the person's compliance with the terms of the domestic violence order were recorded and analysed in the court decision. It was found that despite police officers play an important role in ensuring the safety of the public, in some cases they decide without analysing and investigating the factual circumstances, without giving reasons and legal arguments. This creates several problems in terms of human rights protection. Thus, police officers in some cases violate the rights of the violent person and this highlights the problems faced by police officers when issuing a Domestic Violence Protection Order and by the courts when dealing with complaints about compliance with the terms of the order issued. A special attention of Lithuanian legislators should be given to these gaps of Domestic Violence Protection Order application as they can lead to the violation of human rights.

Silences of Memory: Liberator Sexual Assault in the East at the End of World War II

ABSTRACT Allied accounts of the liberation of Jewish survivors of Nazi camps and forced marches near the end of World War II highlight the long-awaited release of prisoners from captivity and the threat of annihilation. Missing from most accounts, however, are the voices of women whose victimization did not end with the arrival of their liberators. This article examines the phenomenon of sexual violence at liberation, specifically, assaults committed by Soviet soldiers against Jewish women survivors of Nazi camps. It posits that most accounts of camp liberation contain a memory void, that is, a space in historical narratives that obscures events or actors that are an ill fit with the dominant collective memory. This work fills this gendered memory void with the voices of Jewish women survivors and witnesses and seeks to construct a more nuanced account of liberation in the East. It draws on testimonies and memoirs which reveal that sexual violence against Jewish survivors has commonalities and differences with the mass rapes committed by the Soviet army against non-Jewish German women. The voices of Jewish women confirm that Soviet troops often viewed the fact that women had survived Nazi persecution as evidence of complicity with the Nazis, fueling a thirst for revenge. Many Jewish women became victims of sexual violence at liberation, yet they also exercised agency in protecting themselves, family, friends, and sometimes strangers. After the war, stories of women helping women to hide, escape, and survive are more central in many testimonies than those of men helping women.

Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence and Levels of Hope in University Students in Health-Related Departments.

Intimate partner violence, is a major public and clinical health issue. Health institutions are one of the institutions to which a violence victim applies first. That is why the attitude of future health professionals is important. Hope is a concept that supports well-being and mental health. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between attitudes towards intimate partner violence and hope levels of university students studying in the field of health. The research was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The research was carried out in December 2021 with 934 students. Data were collected using the sociodemographic data form, the acceptance of couple violence scale, and the trait hope scale. %65have a date or an ex-date, and %3.1 of them have experienced dating violence. 2.1% of the female students and 6.9% of the male students reported having experienced dating violence, and this was significantly higher in male students. Acceptance of couple violence among students are low in all dimensions. Acceptance of violence by men was significantly higher in all dimensions. Acceptance of male violence was significantly higher in those who use cigarettes and alcohol, and those who have experienced domestic or dating violence. The hope scale scores were close to high in all dimensions. The findings of the study showed the attitudes of students studying in health fields against violence. Students have dating relationships, are exposed to any violence in dating relationships, had low levels of acceptance of couple violence and high levels of hope. Students will start working with hope.

Laws and Issues in Protecting Children from Sexual Exploitation: A Case Study in Thailand

Today, violations of children’s rights have become more intense and have taken on new forms. Child protection laws provide a legal framework designed to shield children from harm and abuse, especially sexual abuse. These laws define the rights and responsibilities of parents, the state, and others involved with children. The objectives of this research are 1) to study the legal measures regarding child protection laws and issues related to the sexual exploitation of children in Thailand, compared to international and foreign laws, and 2) to explore ways to amend and improve Thai laws on child protection from sexual exploitation of children in Thailand to align with international standards. The study found that significant child protection laws in Thailand include: 1) the Child Protection Act, B.E. 2546 (2003), 2) the Anti-Human Trafficking Act, B.E. 2551 (2008), and 3) the Domestic Violence Victims Protection Act, B.E. 2550 (2007). However, due to various factors and ambiguous definitions, the child protection laws have not fully achieved their objectives, allowing offenders to receive lighter punishments. Therefore, this article examines ways to amend and improve Thai child protection laws regarding sexual exploitation of children to be consistent with international law. The recommendations on legal action can be divided into three approaches: legal measures and child protection issues regarding sexual exploitation of children, child protection issues from sexual exploitation, and measures to suppress those who sexually exploit children.

EMDR therapy and treatment of child victims of violence in peace and war

The paper deals with the analysis of experiences in the application of EMDR therapy in working with children who were victims of trauma and violence in war and peace. The effectiveness of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) lies in the effect of bilateral stimulation on brain neurophysiological mechanisms of traumatized children. EMDR treatments, as well as CBT therapy, have shown success in working with children with PTSD based on several criteria. However, analyzes show that positive effects are achieved with the application of EMDR in a shorter time, and the results are more permanent and stable. Based on the results published in numerous clinical trials and meta-analyses, in 2013 the WHO (World Health Organization) recommended EMDR therapy for the treatment of PTSD in children, adolescents and adults. Exposure to war stress in all wars, in all areas, leaves severe consequences, especially for children. The increase in traumatic events in recent years creates a great need for preventive action and the application of EMDR to eliminate the consequences of children's exposure to trauma in war and peacetime conditions. The national EMDR associations of Russia and Serbia (https://www.emdrse-europe.org/) are increasingly focusing their activities on working with children who are victims of violence in war and peace. The mentioned advantages and facts were one of the reasons for the organized inclusion of EMDR therapy in work with trauma victims of mass murders that happened in May 2023 in Serbia. The treatment is very responsible and complex, but it shows significant effects. The evaluation is ongoing and will provide valuable experience in this area.

International human rights commitments to protect victims of domestic violence: Refugee recognition as the first step for an integrated approach under EU law in Case C-621/21, Intervyuirasht organ na DAB pri MS (women victims of domestic violence)

The judgment by the Grand Chamber of the Court of in Case C-621/21 Intervyuirasht organ na DAB pri MS case has already attracted significant attention for the finding of the Court that women victims of domestic violence can be considered as members of particular social group for the purposes of recognition of refugee status. This case note presents the facts of the case and analyses reasoning of the Court. It highlights the importance of the case both for its outcome, which has already guided subsequent findings of the Court on the refugee status of women of Iraqi origin identifying with the values of the EU, but also for placing the international human rights commitments of both the EU and its Member States at the core of the reasoning. At the same time, some contentious points of the judgment are also raised. These relate to the ‘hiding’ of the ECtHR case law in the reasoning of the Court and to the fragmented way in which international human rights obligations towards victims of domestic violence appear in other areas of EU law and case law.

Dynamics of gender justice in the state’s negation of victims of sexual violence

This article examines the complexities surrounding the construction and understanding of gender justice for women victims of sexual violence who are overlooked by the state. Addressing the need for justice for these victims is vital, as women frequently face discriminatory treatment that can lead to victim-blaming. The study uses a qualitative, phenomenological approach based on Creswell's framework, emphasizing the interpretation of 'Gender Justice' through the experiences of key informants, which highlight varied perspectives influenced by their life experiences. The research primarily incorporates Gender and Feminism Theory and Gender Justice to analyze the issue. Key findings reveal a lack of empathy and insufficient training among law enforcement regarding sexual violence cases, along with stigma and intimidation from officers, coupled with inadequate legal protections for victims. Additionally, the legal bureaucracy is convoluted and unresponsive, making the current legal system ineffective in achieving gender justice and often neglecting the rights and needs of sexual violence survivors. These results indicate that the existing legal and governmental frameworks fail to provide equitable gender justice, often overlooking the requirements and rights of survivors. Legal certainty should be clear and consistent; however, in reality, victims often do not experience this certainty. The injustices faced by survivors stem not only from legal shortcomings but also from entrenched discriminatory and patriarchal social norms.