Victims Of Violence Research Articles

Online Gendered Violence Victimization Among Adults: Prevalence, Predictors and Psychological Outcomes.

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence, age and gender differences, and psychological outcomes (anxiety, depression and self-esteem) related to being a victim of different forms of online gendered violence (OGV), namely: digital sexual harassment; physical appearance-based violence; gender role-based violence; and anti-feminism violence. 2,471 respondents (71.1 % women) aged 18-79 years ( = 27.28, = 10.08) completed self-report measures. The results showed that 82.6 % of respondents had experienced at least one form of OGV in the last 12 months. The most frequent form of OGV was digital sexual harassment (66.7%), followed by physical appearance-based violence (60.7%), anti-feminism violence (60.7%) and gender role-based violence (25.4%). OGV was significantly higher among women (88%) than men (68.6%), as well as among younger adults. Finally, the results showed that these forms of violence were associated with worse psychological outcomes, especially for younger respondents and for women. OGV is a common phenomenon that may be related to lower psychological well-being. This study provides relevant information that can shape the design of prevention and intervention programs for this form of digital violence.

Characteristics of blunt and penetrating trauma among victims of physical violence: A retrospective study

BackgroundA significant number of referrals to the emergency departments is due to violence and conflict leading to serious injuries and death. The increasing number of such cases highlights the urgent need for investigating victimization of physical violence.AimThe purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of demographic and clinical characteristics in victims of violence and classify them based on penetrating or blunt trauma.MethodsThe data of the patients who had been the victims of violence in 2020 were extracted from the Trauma Registry System(TRS) of the Guilan Road Trauma Research Center(GTRC). All analyses were performed using SPSS software version 24. The significance level was considered less than 0.05.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the type of violence-related trauma in different age groups (P < 0.001), based on sex (P = 0.002), and marital status (P = 0.012). A significant difference also existed between the trauma type and clinical variables including smoking (P = 0.032), history of alcohol drinking (P = 0.005), and other substance use (P = 0.002), the anatomical location of injury (P < 0.001) and therapeutic interventions (p < 0.001(.ConclusionMost of the clients of the violence suffered from blunt trauma, the severity of which was mild, and they were treated supportively without the need for surgery. Blunt trauma was seen more in women, divorcees, over 40 years and non-smokers. Penetrating trauma was observed more in lower limb injuries and alcohol and amphetamine users. Prevention programs and educational interventions should be programmed for the society long before men alcohol and amphetamine abusers reach their fourth decade of life. Accurately recording the type of physical violence, and the weapon used, and determining the injury severity score in TRS can lead to more reliable results in researching the field of violence issues.

CUMULATIVE PROVOCATION IN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN MALAYSIA AND ENGLAND AND WALES

Background and Purpose: In Malaysia, there is no specific defence for female victims of domestic violence who in the unfortunate event killed their abusive partners due to provocation. In this instance, they can raise the defence of provocation as expressly stated in Exception 1 to section 300 of the Penal Code (Exception 1). Since the defence was not formulated specifically in the context of domestic violence, the application of the defence may not be able to appreciate the uniqueness of female victims of domestic violence. One notable issue is that of cumulative provocation. Exception 1 is silent as to the legal status of cumulative provocation. However, there have been cases where the accused raised cumulative provocation as a defence against the offence of murder. The research therefore, aims to analyse the legal position of cumulative provocation in Malaysia. Methodology: This research employed a doctrinal legal research approach, conducting a thorough analysis of relevant laws, including the Penal Code (Act 574), Homicide Act 1957 (HA 1957), and the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (CJA 2009). In addition to statutory analysis, an examination of case law was undertaken to gain insights into the court’s interpretation of the legal status of cumulative provocation. Furthermore, scholarly writings in this field were examined to provide a thorough understanding of the subject. Findings: The decisions of the Federal Court’s cases of Che Omar bin Che Akhir v Public Prosecutor [2007] 4 MLJ 309 and Public Prosecutor v Surbir Gole [2017] 2 CLJ 621 show that cumulative provocation does not fall under Exception 1. This might lead the court to look only at the events that took place immediately before the killing as a single act. This can lead to a perception that the accused’s response, including female victims of domestic violence to provocation is not sufficiently grave. Hence, it is proposed that the cumulative provocation is given statutory recognition under Exception 1 which allows the circumstances of the accused to be taken into account by the court in deciding the defence of provocation. Contributions: This research contributes to the corpus of legal knowledge on cumulative provocation in domestic violence against women within the legal framework of the criminal justice system. Keywords: Provocation, murder, cumulative provocation, defence &amp; penal code. Cite as: Mohd Safri M. N., Ramalinggam, R., Rohaida, N., Abang Ikhbal, A. B., Nur Hafidah, A. K., &amp; Ashran, I. (2024). Cumulative provocation in domestic violence against women: A comparative analysis between Malaysia and England and Wales. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 9(2), 318-339. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol9iss2pp318-339

Analisis Kebijakan Hak Restitusi Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 Tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual

Children who are victims of sexual violence have the right to receive protection in the form of restitution. Where restitution is compensation for losses obtained from the perpetrator against the victim of a criminal act. Restitution is collected by the institution, namely the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK), where this compensation is added up by LPSK, namely in the form of compensation for loss of wealth, compensation for suffering as a result of criminal acts, as well as reimbursement for the costs of medical or psychological treatment. With this, the approach taken in this research uses a normative juridical approach and is supported by an empirical juridical approach. The data used is primary and secondary data. Data collection refers to literature studies and field studies. Then there is women's empowerment and child protection. The results of this discussion and research show that the role of LPSK towards children who are victims of sexual violence is that there are normative efforts, then factual efforts and ideal efforts, all of which require assistance, cooperation and synergy from related elements in order to realize that the right to restitution for victims can be fulfilled. with fair. Then there are also several aspects that are capable of and are considered as inhibiting factors in LPSK carrying out its duties, such as the legal aspect itself, then the law enforcement aspect, then supporting and supporting aspects such as facilities and infrastructure and community aspects.

The Role of Social Workers at the Social Department of Kendari City in Psychosocial Recovery of Child Victims of Sexual Violence

This study aims to understand and find out the role of workers in psychosocial assistance for children victims of sexual violence at the Kendari City Social Departement. Qualitative descriptive methods are used to describe social situations related to the role and stages of mentoring. The research informants were selected through purposive sampling, including social workers, psychologists, victims' children, and parents. The data in this study was obtained through interviews, observations and documentation studies, the data obtained was then analyzed qualitatively with an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the psychological rehabilitation of child victims of sexual abuse involves several important phases. Educational programs on recovery and mental health help children understand and manage the psychological impact of experienced violence. Social support from family, friends, and the community is also crucial in the healing process, making children feel welcome and supported. Social workers act as mediators, educators, and motivators in this process. They help children cope with the adverse effects of their experiences, establish safe communication, and formulate effective recovery plans. In addition, social workers provide information to the community about the psychological impact of sexual violence and help children learn good coping mechanisms. This psychosocial support typically results in a noticeable improvement in the physical and mental health of the victim's children, allowing them to recover from trauma, improve mental health, and rebuild positive social relationships.

A Scoping Review of Sexual Violence Events Perpetrated Against Older People.

Although 9 million older adults are estimated to be victims of sexual violence and abuse (SVA) globally each year, this population is largely overlooked in criminological research. Given the known impacts of SVA, particularly for older victims, enhanced understanding of incident characteristics, and how these events unfold, is crucial to improving prevention and response. Guided by environmental criminology perspectives, a scoping review was conducted to assess the extent to which SVA events against older people have been empirically examined to gain an understanding of the immediate circumstances in which incidents occur and how this can inform early intervention and prevention. Eight databases were searched, with records included if they reported characteristics of SVA events occurring in older adulthood, were original, peer-reviewed, empirical research, and published in English. After screening 1,278 records, 33 studies were included for review. Findings demonstrate that considerable attention has been given to understanding who is involved in SVA events and what typically occurs, however, there is a dearth of information regarding when and how these crimes are perpetrated, and the situational factors influencing offending. Resultingly, prevention recommendations largely focus on actors (e.g., victims, perpetrators, witnesses), rather than the environment in which abuse occurs, emphasizing significant gaps in understanding and response to this growing issue.

Addressing the Challenges in Protecting Child Victims of Sexual Violence within Non-Formal Education Institutions

Addressing the Challenges in Protecting Child Victims of Sexual Violence within Non-Formal Education Institutions

Analisis Terhadap Fenomena Kekerasan Seksual yang Terjadi di Lingkungan Pendidikan (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Cilacap)

Sexual harassment is the abuse of power and expression of male sexuality. Recently, harassment and even sexual violence have often occurred in educational environments. It is hoped that this research will be able to provide additional knowledge and reference or reading material regarding the legal protection of victims of sexual violence. The aim of this research is to analyze the protection received by victims of sexual violence. The research method used uses a juridical-normative concept. Some forms of general protection provided to crime victims are Provision of Restitution and Compensation, Counselling. Victims of crime who experience medical suffering as a result of a crime can receive medical assistance in the form of medical examinations, Legal Aid. Reasons that influence victims not reporting are doubts about whether it is harassment or not, getting advice from people close to them not to report, not wanting conflict, not knowing the flow of reporting cases, not wanting problems and obstacles to occur in the lecture process, imitating the behavior of people around them, think reporting cases is a futile act.

Upaya Perlindungan Hukum bagi Perempuan dengan Disabilitas Korban Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual

Indonesia has a fairly large population of people with disabilities. This suggests that the likelihood of violations of the rights of persons with disabilities will also be high. This research aims to determine legal protection for women with disabilities who are victims of criminal acts of sexual violence and determine recovery efforts for women with disabilities who are victims of criminal acts of sexual violence. The research method used is normative juridical with statutory, analytical and case approaches. The data source used is secondary data, consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials collected through literature study. The research results show that legal protection for women with disabilities who are victims of sexual violence is still not optimal. The inhibiting factors are the lack of specific laws and regulations, stigma and discrimination, as well as the lack of accessibility of legal services. Legal protection for women with disabilities who are victims of sexual violence is a shared responsibility. Synergy is needed between the government, law enforcement officials, civil society organizations and the wider community to achieve justice for them.

Prevalence and Patterns of Domestic Violence among Women at M Djamil Hospital in Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia

Gender-based violence is a major risk for women worldwide. Violence against women often occurs in domestic settings. All domestic violence victims have the right to protection, including access to health care. However, the number of women who seek assistance from health services is low. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and analyze patterns of domestic violence against women. This was a descriptive study using data from medical records of women victims of domestic violence from 2017–2022 in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital. The results of this study showed that a total of 28 cases of female victims of domestic violence were examined. The age range was 6–11 years (28.6%). Sexual violence was the most common (45.9%), followed by physical violence (32.4%), and psychological violence (21.6%). Lacerations (50%) were the most common type of injury, followed by abrasions (23.3%), and bruises (16.7%). The most common cases involved victims and perpetrators being biological siblings (21.9%). Physical violence was most common between siblings, while sexual violence was most common, with the perpetrators being biological fathers and uncles. The total number of cases reported to the police was 60.7%, while the remaining 39.3% had not yet been reported to the police. There were 57.1% of cases that were repeated incidents, and 42.9% of cases were first-time violence. Considering a relatively small number of persons seeking support from health services, it is critical to undertake domestic violence education so that people are better aware of and understand their rights as victims. Keywords: Domestic; Violence; Sexual; Women

'Aisyiyah's Posbakum Strategy in Optimising Legal Aid for Women and Children

This paper focused on the ‘ Aisyiyah Legal Aid Post (Posbakum) under the Regional Leadership of ‘ Aisiyah Central Java, which has been accredited by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights and has provided legal aid services to the poor, including women, children and people with disabilities. The establishment of the ’Aisyiyah Legal Aid Post was a decision of the 46th Congress in Yogyakarta , born out of ’Aisyiyah’s concern for law enforcement and justice in society and as a means of fighting for the rights of people who were violated or faced legal problems, especially women and children. This paper explains the strategies and efforts made by the Legal Aid Post ’Aisyiyah Regional Leader of ’Aisyiyah Central Java, in providing services and legal assistance for victims during and after receiving assistance. In addition, it also explains the strategy for institutional strengthening. Data were obtained through documentation studies and open interviews with informants of Posbakum Regional Leader of ’Aisyiyah Central Java Management. Data analysis was carried out using a qualitative descriptive method with a normative approach. The results showed that the Legal Aid Post ’Aisyiyah Central Java provides services to law seekers in the form of both litigation and non- litigation cases. Litigation cases included victim assistance in case settlement, court proceedings and post-litigation assistance. Meanwhile, non-litigation cases included several activities, like legal consultation, research, and community empowerment. The implementation of advocacy and assistance for women, children and disabled victims of violence aim ed to heal trauma, protect women from violence and neglect, protect the rights of women and their children and provide legal defence and protection. The victim assistance strategy used a collaborative approach involving curative and preventive. The collaborative approach is psychological and religious. After providing assistance in court, Legal Aid Posts (PosBakum) assisted victims through psychological and medical rehabilitation of victims, raising awareness of victims so that their rights can be protected, providing training on life skills for victims so that they have technical skills and expertise both in the community and family environment to earn an income that can be used to support themselves and their families. In an effort to strengthen institutions and implement the programmes carried out, the Legal Aid Post (Posbakum) built synergy between all parties to gain a good perspective from law enforcement officials in order to help women with disabilities who are victims of sexual violence get justice. This synergy was achieved through the Fogus Group Discussions with law enforcement officials, facilitators and the community. Additionally, an audience with the Central Java Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights was offered. A workshop was conducted for accredited legal aid organisations throughout Central Java in providing legal aid with the Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. They campaigned for the fulfilment of disabled rights in accessing justice, such as having special legal officers trained to handle disabled issues because they need special knowledge and handling. Moreover, they submitted aspirations to provincial parliaments during recess and provided input for draft regulations and bills. Also, conducting education and training. Lastly, make Memorandum of Understanding with networks for case assistance. Keywords: ’Aisyiyah, Legal Aid Post, Victim Assistance, Women and Children, strategy

Strains and Maladaptive Behaviors among High School Students in Qatar: An Empirical Test of the General Strain Theory

Objectives: This study aims to test the core assumption of Agnew’s general strain theory(GST) in maladaptive behavior (substance use, suicidality, and school truancy). Testing the effects of strain variables (negative life events) on negative emotions that lead to maladaptive behaviors or criminal coping. The present study tests the validity and applicability of a widely known criminological (GST) theory in a non-Western culture. Moreover, one significant contribution of this study is its applicability and generalizability in an Arabian heterogeneous society and culture. Methods: A survey was used, and a questionnaire was developed to measure the GST major assumptions and maladaptive behavior (substance use, suicidality, and school truancy). The survey was distributed among students by trained teams in public schools. A sample of 4096 high school students was randomly selected from seven public schools in Qatar. Results:. Findings showed that some negative life events variables had the highest significant unique contribution (when holding other variables constant) on the maladaptive behaviors more than other variables. These variables are: Depression had the highest significant unique contribution to suicidality, followed by violent victimization and negative feelings. Assaults had the highest significant unique contribution to substance use, followed by delinquency and sexual harassment. Assaults had the most significant unique contribution to school truancy, followed by delinquency. Conclusions: Findings suggest limiting maladaptive behaviors and crimes by equipping students with crime-preventive traits, increasing social support, enhancing social control, and reducing exposure to crime-prone situations. Schools should educate students on managing negative emotions and stress, implement low-abiding coping methods, and conduct awareness campaigns on illegal coping methods to prevent criminal behavior.

Penerapan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Perempuan dalam Kasus Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga

The phenomenon of cases of domestic violence (hereinafter referred to as domestic violence) is currently increasing, in terms of quantity and quality. This phenomenon is a serious concern and requires all parties to understand all forms of crime and the factors that cause it, as well as efforts to overcome domestic violence. The forms of domestic violence that occur vary greatly, such as physical, psychological, sexual violence and violence in the form of neglect. These various forms of crime are crimes that are prohibited and punishable as regulated in Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence (hereinafter referred to as the PKDRT Law) which aims to ensure that victims of domestic violence, especially women, receive legal protection.

ONE CRISIS WITHIN ANOTHER: COPING WITH DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Although Covid-19 has aggravated and initiated mental health concerns to domestic violence (DV) victims, there is a worrying lack of measures meant to DV victims in the context of a pandemic. This study aims to (a) identify and understand the types of domestic violence experienced by women during the pandemic, as well as the consequences in social and work contexts, (b) assess the coping strategies of abuse victims, and (c) identify the gap in government and organizational support for DV victims. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 19 Malaysian women. NVIVO 8 was utilised for thematic analysis. The qualitative findings suggest that there was an increase in gender-based violence in Malaysia during the lockdown, with psychological abuse appearing to be the most prevalent. Despite the difficulties, the majority of victims who were exploited during the lockdown did not report the abuse and instead employed avoidance-based coping mechanisms. Negative passive-avoidance and negative active-avoidance were the most prevalent coping mechanisms. The findings also indicate that eradicating domestic violence would necessitate a broader, more coordinated, and integrated system of government and organizational support. This is the first study to evaluate the serious impact of domestic violence on working Malaysian women in the wake of the Covid-19 crisis. As a result, it provides a wealth of information and could serve as a firm basis for designing effective psychological interventions for women in countries with similar cultural and societal norms to Malaysia.

The Impact of Domestic Violence on Women’s Mental Health and Well Being

Every act of aggression, abuse, or threat exhibited by an adult relative, spouse, or ex-partner qualifies as domestic violence. An important human rights issue and public health concern, domestic violence could have negative impacts on one physical and mentally well-being. Women are disproportionately the victims of violence, even though gender roles also play a part.

Peculiarities of the speech ways of responding to victims of sexual violence, taking into account internet communication

This article displays the results of a review of scientific research on the speech methods of responding to victims of sexual violence, taking into account Internet communication. When conducting the review, the results of scientific research from different countries of the world community were used to more fully describe the topic under study, taking into account the cultural and intercultural characteristics of different regions and countries. Emphasis was also placed on other factors influencing the way a victim of violence responds in speech format, such as individual and psychological characteristics, the factor of the context of the situation, and social factors. The consequences of the response of victims of sexual violence, such as the psychological state of the victim, and the consequences for subsequent social interaction are described in detail. After a review of the literature, conclusions and conclusions were drawn that characterize the importance of the research work carried out for use by professionals providing assistance to survivors of sexual violence.

Examining Failings in Criminal Justice Responses to Sexual Offenses: Focus on Male Victims and Impact of Operation Bluestone

This article highlights the failings of the criminal justice system in offering support to the victims of sexual violence, and keeping the focus particularly on male victims of sexual abuse. The article also investigates the overall experiences of all victims and the current procedures and policies in place. Men are treated as non-deserving victims, because the definition of rape under the Sexual Offences Act 2003 defines rape as “penetration with penis” and does not take male victims into account. Male victims are also not treated the same way as female victims, however both experience rape myths such as males not being ‘man enough’ and females with vulnerabilities, such as alcohol consumption, not being believed. Furthermore, it is increasingly difficult to bring forward rape charges by the crown prosecution service and the victims withdrawal rate in 2019-20 remains at 57%, indicating failings within CJS. Moreover, the negative attitudes of officers dealing with rape cases, and officers abusing their powers to sexually assault victims, raised serious questions around the systematic failure within the CJS. There is a lack of support for rape victims, and the impact of Operation Bluestone, which was created to improve rape case procedures, shows that the number of cases making it to court has increased with the project, but conviction rates remain very low. This was impacted by rape myth culture, which was a consistent theme throughout the research.

Psychological Dynamics of Domestic Violence Victims: A Qualitative Study

This study aims to understand the psychological dynamics experienced by victims of domestic violence through a qualitative approach. By focusing on the subjective experiences of victims, this study explores how domestic violence affects the mental and emotional state of victims, as well as the coping strategies they use to survive. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with a number of victims of domestic violence, which were then thematically analysed to identify common psychological patterns. The results showed that victims of domestic violence experience various forms of psychological trauma, including fear, depression, anxiety, and a sense of worthlessness. In addition, many victims also experience internal conflict between the desire to leave a harmful relationship and a sense of emotional or economic dependence on the perpetrator. The coping strategies used by victims vary, ranging from seeking social support to using defensive mechanisms such as denial and avoidance. This study highlights the complexity of the psychological experiences of victims of domestic violence and the need for intervention approaches that are more holistic and sensitive to the psychological needs of victims. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of more effective policies and services in supporting the recovery of victims of domestic violence.

Associations Between PTSD and Depressive Symptoms and Victimization Among Female College Students: A Latent Class Analysis.

Research on subgroups of female college students who share similar experiences of childhood maltreatment (CM) and intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization is sparse. The primary aims of the current study are: (a) to identify subgroups of victims related to experience of psychological, physical, and sexual CM and IPV and (b) to test the association between subgroups and depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Survey data was collected from 327 female students at a public university in the Northeast. Three distinct subgroups, that is, victimization classes, were found using Latent Class Analysis: A lifetime victimization class, comprised of females reporting high rates of CM and IPV across types (19.0% of the sample), a childhood victimization class (26.9%); and a low victimization class (54.1%). Depressive symptom severity was positively associated with lifetime and childhood, relative to low, victimization class membership. PTSD symptom severity was associated with the childhood victimization class relative to both lifetime and low victimization class. Subgroups of institutions of higher education (IHE) females who share CM and IPV victimization experiences are discernable. The co-occurrence of IPV and CM in female college students is not uncommon. PTSD symptom severity may be more related to CM than IPV in IHE female students.

Unveiling the Narratives of Portuguese Professionals Engaged with Domestic Violence Victims: Persistent Challenges and Novel COVID-19 Impacts.

Domestic violence remains a complex and challenging issue, particularly for professionals engaged in providing support to victims. The occurrence of emergency situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, further exacerbates the difficulties faced by these practitioners. This study aims to explore the lived experiences of professionals working with domestic violence victims, with a specific focus on the primary challenges encountered during interventions. It also aims to identify key guidelines that could enhance their practices. Twenty-four professionals from the domestic violence victim support in Portugal participated in this qualitative research. Through semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, the study identified a range of challenges professionals confront in their intervention efforts. These challenges encompassed various aspects of the intervention process, vulnerabilities observed in victims, and the existing support system. Furthermore, the study uncovered specific challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Alongside these challenges, the research highlighted a set of recommendations designed to refine intervention strategies and promote better professional adaptation. The findings underscore the array of challenges that professionals grapple with, impacting both their strategies for intervention and their overall well-being. Thus, the development of effective intervention methodologies for professionals and organizations emerges as a crucial endeavor, essential for assisting domestic violence victims in their daily lives and enhancing preparedness for potential future crises.