Victims Of Human Trafficking Research Articles

THE PROBLEM OF FAMILY VIOLENCE AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING WITH A SPECIAL ASPECT ON KOSOVO

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">The paper analyzes domestic violence and human trafficking, with special reference to the Republic of Kosovo. The aim of the work is to analyze the circumstances that favor the aforementioned criminal acts, the behavior of victims in the matter of reporting violence, and the way in which society treats the aforementioned criminal acts. The dogmatic method, through the prism of the legislation of the Republic of Kosovo, describes the work of the institutions and the manner in which the procedure for reporting the aforementioned criminal offenses is carried out. Preventive measures, treatment of suspects for domestic violence, protection measures for victims of domestic violence and rehabilitation of victims of human trafficking were presented. Along with statistical indicators of various forms of domestic violence, the paper describes the most common forms of domestic violence and the methods of recruiting victims of human trafficking.</span></p> <p> </p>

Examining factors predicting sexual exploitation among victims of human trafficking

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the factors predicting sexual exploitation among victims of human trafficking, specifically examining how traffickers’ means of control, types of sexual services, nature of recruiter relationships and female age groups play a role in this phenomenon. The data analysed spanned from 2002 to 2019 and were sourced from anonymised public data provided by the Counter-Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC), a global hub collecting information from counter-trafficking organisations worldwide. Utilising a binary logistic regression approach, the study identified that traffickers employ various means of control, such as debt bondage, taking earnings, threats, sexual abuse, false promises, use of psychoactive substances, exploitation of children, threat of law enforcement and withholding necessities, aligning with Biderman's Theory of Coercion. Additionally, victims experience prostitution, pornography and private sexual services, often recruited by intimate partners and friends. Furthermore, the study revealed that young women aged 30 years and above were less likely to experience sexual exploitation compared to younger girls.

Interpol's strategy in enhancing the regional network to combat human trafficking in West Africa

The main problem in this study is the human trafficking practices in West Africa. Trafficking in human beings is a serious transnational crime involving blackmail, exploitation, and forced labor. Victims of human trafficking are often forced to work in modern slave industries, such as prostitution, agriculture, and manufacturing. They can also experience physical and psychological violence. Human trafficking has many root causes, including poverty, gender inequality, and conflict. Research methods use qualitative descriptive approaches with data analysis techniques that focus on understanding a problem, context, complexity, and subjectivity to more detail about the data source. Results: Interpol's role and initiatives have saved hundreds of victims of human trafficking in West Africa. The organization has been a valuable partner for governments and law enforcement agencies in the region in combating human trafficking crimes and rescuing victims. Interpol's efforts to rescue victims of human trafficking in West Africa are critical to combating this crime. By raising awareness, identifying victims, disrupting trafficking networks, and providing support to victims. Interpol recognizes the urgent need to facilitate interstate police cooperation in addressing transnational crime, regional security and resilience.

From Slavery to Modern Slavery, Trafficking in Human Beings (Challenges and Solutions) At the Regional and International Level

Human trafficking crimes threaten societies' security and stability. They also hinder social growth and harm economic, social, and security institutions. These crimes also confront global security agencies, pushing the international community to fight them. By establishing accords and conventions to address slavery and enslavement, one of the most disgraceful global afflictions and a grave infringement on human rights, including the trafficking, sale, and exploitation of individuals, sometimes called transnational organized crime, Unfortunately, every country is vulnerable to humanitarian violations. through Crossing borders takes many forms. There is also a lack of accurate statistical data and thorough information on human trafficking, especially for women and children.
 in the light of the lack of agreement on basic assessments, data, and indications of the volume and geographic distribution of different kinds of trafficking makes tackling this problem difficult. A crime cannot be called a "phenomenon" without specifying its scope. also, the victims' ambition for quick and large financial gain drives them into trouble. Organized crime syndicates exploit this tendency, coupled with poverty, unemployment, military conflicts, and natural disasters. Family disintegration, population growth, slums, globalization, the Internet, and an environment of culture that exploits people, especially vulnerable groups, contribute to perceiving them as a commodity that can generate income. Human trafficking victims face security, economic, social, political, psychological, and health risks. Some of these effects may be lethal. The victim's broke immigration and employment rules, as well as fraud, forgery, bribery, smuggling, and rape. Thus, this crime may exceed traditional criminality by including a variety of interrelated violations that result in inhumane deeds.
 Technology serves as a catalyst for the amplification of trafficking operations, facilitating the widespread commercialization and exploitation of victims. Victims are subject to recurrent exploitation when perpetrators reproduce identical advertisements and engage in live-streaming activities across various platforms, with the intention of maximizing their reach and financial gains.
 Technology has also contributed to reducing the barriers for individuals involved in human trafficking. In the past, criminal organizations would have had to establish physical control and dominance over specific urban areas, typically relying on a large network of members. However, newcomers to the human trafficking industry can now effectively operate an online business without the necessity of a physical criminal infrastructure and with a smaller workforce. Consequently, the acquisition of technological expertise may enhance the potency of a criminal organization while also rendering it more elusive to law enforcement entities.
 So the paper will clarify the challenges of these serious crimes in all their forms (traditional and modern) and the weakness of international, rigorous cooperation in confrontation and its negative impacts on international society as a whole.

The Linkage Between Human Trafficking and Migration: Identification of Victims

Trafficking in human beings, as a modern form of slavery, severely violates people’s fundamental rights and dignity. The victims of human trafficking are being subjected to exploitation as a result of violence or the threat of it, fraud, or lack of awareness of their rights. Migrants are especially vulnerable to trafficking, and among them are especially those with certain socioeconomic issues or in need of international protection. Considering the socio-economic, humanitarian, and documentation problems of the aforementioned group and the probability of illegal movements and presence in the territory of certain countries, they are more vulnerable to trafficking. The current article seeks to analyze the correlation between migration and the phenomenon of human trafficking, as well as analyze the minimum necessary steps that the state authorities, particularly, those operating in the field of migration need to implement. Those activities should be aimed at ensuring effective combat against the trafficking in human beings by detecting and referring the relevant cases in the frame of migration to the competent authorities.

Human trafficking risk factors, health impacts, and opportunities for intervention in Uganda: a qualitative analysis

BackgroundHuman trafficking is a global public health issue that is associated with serious short- and long-term morbidity. To address and prevent human trafficking, vulnerabilities to human trafficking and forces sustaining it need to be better understood among specific subpopulations. We aimed to explore risk and protective factors for human trafficking, the health impact of exploitation, and barriers and facilitators of seeking help throughout the human trafficking trajectory among forced labor and sex trafficking victims in Kampala, Uganda.MethodsBetween March and November 2020, in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 108 victims of forced labor and sex trafficking who had completed a human trafficking survey conducted by the Uganda Youth Development Link (UYDEL). Participants who experienced various forms of exploitation were purposively invited for qualitative interviews and a convenience sample was interviewed. Interviews explored personal history, trafficking recruitment, experiences of exploitation and abuse, and experiences seeking help. Interviews were analyzed using a combination of deductive and inductive thematic analysis. Themes and subthemes were organized using an adapted conceptual framework of human trafficking.ResultsPoverty and an abusive home life, frequently triggered by the death of a caretaker, underpinned vulnerability to human trafficking recruitment. Limited education, lack of social support, and survival needs pushed victims into exploitative situations. Victims of human trafficking were systematically exploited and exposed to dangerous working conditions. Victims suffered from sexually transmitted diseases, incontinence, traumatic fistulae, musculoskeletal injuries, and mental health symptoms. Lack of awareness of resources, fear of negative consequences, restrictions on movement, and dependence on the trafficker and exploitation income prevented victims from seeking help. The police and healthcare workers were the few professionals that they interacted with, but these interactions were oftentimes negative experiences.ConclusionsTo address and prevent human trafficking, localized interventions are needed at all stages of the human trafficking trajectory. Health impacts of human trafficking are severe. As some of the few professionals trafficking victims interact with, police and healthcare workers are important targets for anti-trafficking training. Improved understanding of human trafficking drivers and barriers and facilitators to seeking help can inform the design of necessary interventions.

Human Trafficking in Western Balkan: Case Study of Kosovo

Background: The object of this paper is the criminal offence of human trafficking in Kosovo, addressing the negative and illegal phenomenon of this activity. It aims to pay special attention to the detection and prosecution of the perpetrators and the imposition of sentences and other criminal sanctions against them, with the sole purpose of combating and preventing it in society. Also, in this paper, some basic legal-criminal and criminological features of the criminal offence of human trafficking are analysed and treated. Given that this criminal offence represents a serious type of criminality, this study explores how it manifests itself in its consequences on the individual and society. This research conducted on human trafficking in Kosovo is of crucial importance because by studying this negative phenomenon, we can slowly conclude whether the victims were innocent or contributors to the issues leading to their trafficking. Methods: In preparing this research-scientific paper, very significant content for our country is presented using the following methods: comparative, statistical, graphic, historical, analytical, survey and case studies from 1999 to now. Through these research methods and techniques, we have recognised and addressed multiple aspects of the crime of human trafficking. Contrary to the common belief that there are enough studies on the victims of human trafficking and other criminal acts, this is not true. In many cases, the states have quantified the victims of various crimes and other criminal acts solely through numerical measures. The extracted statistics form the basis of data identification and conclusion, as well as determining the recommendations contained in this paper. Results and Conclusions: Trafficking in human beings is one of the most significant crimes of our time and a violation of human rights in itself, and in our work, we have encountered difficulties in coming up with the most adequate and concrete data to prevent and combat this. Phenomenon. Human beings are trafficked for the purpose of forced labour, illegal employment, the entertainment industry, forced and fake marriage, forced prostitution, etc. and this, in our case in the Western Balkans countries, is generally encountered because of socio-economic problems and freedom of movement. Human trafficking is a form of profitable organised crime and is believed to be important because the risk is low and the payoff is high; after drug and weapons trafficking and the prostitution trade comes as a great benefit, in our case, Kosovo, we have come across data from 1999 on how war refugees are abused and how narcotic substances are trafficked and used. The most common form of human trafficking is the trade of human beings for sexual exploitation or the purposes of forced prostitution. This is a challenge in our country because we do not have an adequate law to legalise prostitution. In this case, we have a lot of good organised in the region and Kosovo that abuse, especially minors, for prostitution and the purpose of the work is to issue an adequate law regarding the decriminalisation of prostitution to manage, control, prevent and combat human trafficking. The most frequent victims of this form of trafficking are children and women, who belong to the most vulnerable social groups, according to the data presented in the paper.

Patterns and The Role of The Government in Preventing Human Trafficking

Human Trafficking is an iceberg phenomenon that is growing all over the world including in Indonesia. Indonesia is a tier 2 surveillance country because human trafficking cases are still high and one of the regions contributing to human trafficking cases is East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The purpose of this study is to analyze and find out how pattern of human trafficking in East Lombok and the role of the East Lombok Regency government in preventing human trafficking. The results showed that first, pattern human trafficking in East Lombok Regency which starts from the recruitment process carried out by neighbors, family, friends, and people who first go abroad, document forgery and manipulation of victims' data are made outside the East Lombok Regency area, and the departure process is relay and departure is not from East Lombok Regency but from the area where the documents are made. Second, the role of the East Lombok Regency Government for prevent human trafficking by conducting scheduled socialization in villages/villages that are vulnerable to human trafficking victims, forming Productive Migrant Villages, and providing training to retired migrant workers/families by forming novice business heroes. However, the Government's efforts to prevent human trafficking have not been maximized and effective due to the lack of coordination between related institutions and public awareness of the dangers of trafficking in persons.

Human trafficking victims: An emerging reality in forensic medicine

Human trafficking victims: An emerging reality in forensic medicine

CHALLENGES IN COMBATING THE TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS IN THE CONTEXT OF MIGRATION FLOWS – STRATEGY FOR IMPROVED APPROACH IN IDENTIFICATION OF VICTIMS AMONG MIGRANTS

The paper gives overview on the current state of play in combating the Trafficking in Human Beings in Europe. It evaluates the efficiency of the existing EU approach for contesting this phenomenon in the context of mixed migration flows. The paper identifies the main reasons for low number of registered victims of human trafficking among irregular migrants in the transit countries through the experiences of the countries along the so-called “Western Balkans Migration Route”. In addition, it offers a view on possible actions for improvement in identifying victims and potential victims among migrants in transit countries.

Naming, Blaming, and Claiming: Understanding Human Trafficking Victims’ Nondisclosure and Non-Reporting Behavior

ABSTRACTDespite efforts to combat human trafficking, most instances remain unacknowledged and unidentified. Through in-depth interviews with human trafficking survivors, this research uses a naming, blaming, and claiming framework to provide a comprehensive understanding of why human trafficking victims often do not disclose their victimization. Consistent with this framework, the interviews reveal that human trafficking victims face barriers in naming their victimization, blaming the offender, and making claims of victimization. The current study provides policy and practical implications for better identifying and responding to cases of human trafficking.

A state-wide analysis of characteristics and predictors of dual system involvement among child victims of human trafficking

BackgroundThe child welfare system is pivotal in identifying and responding to child (younger than age 18) human trafficking victims. Children who have experienced human trafficking—or are at risk of victimization—are increasingly recognized as also being served in the juvenile justice system. Yet little is known about human trafficking victimization among children in the juvenile justice population or among children with child welfare and juvenile justice involvement. ObjectiveBuilding on previous research with child welfare–and juvenile justice–involved children, we investigated characteristics and system experiences among children who have experienced a human trafficking abuse allegation in Florida. Participants and settingThe overall study population included all children born on or after January 1, 1993, who had at least one DCF-documented maltreatment allegation before March 1, 2020. This study examined a total of 12,167 allegations in the first set of analyses and the first human trafficking allegation for each child (N = 9300) in the second set of analyses. MethodsAnalyses are based on linked administrative data for a cohort of children involved with Florida's Departments of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) and/or Children and Families (DCF). We used descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses to document the characteristics of single and dual system–involved children and examine predictors of child welfare, juvenile justice, and dual system involvement. Results(1) Nearly half of children with a human trafficking abuse allegation are involved in DCF at the time of the allegation, (2) females who experienced trafficking are more likely to be involved in DCF (with or without DJJ involvement) than involved in no system, (3) Black children with an alleged trafficking incident were more likely than White children to be involved in both systems compared with DCF only, and (4) children who experienced labor trafficking abuse allegations were less likely than those who experienced sex trafficking to be involved with either system. ConclusionsThis study depicts child victims of sex and labor trafficking who are involved with one or both systems in one state.

Criminal Investigation Department Of Cianjur Police Resort Services In Providing Support To The Victims Of Human Trafficking

This study motivated by existence case trading people in the police station Cianjur, which is during This often ignored is related giving support to trafficking victims human level police, This like those in the environment Police Cianjur was discovered own problem or gap in protection of humans trafficking victims, who can seen from exists uncertainty in get due rights and support given by the Police Cianjur. Various problems This need reviewed in a way deep order the problem the can resolved. Therefore that, research This addressed For analyze Criminal Investigation Unit services Police Cianjur in giving support towards trafficking victims human.The theory used in study This is theory service public, theory management public, and theory policy public. Research methods This is method study field carried out through approach study qualitative, with type study exploratory, which is next analyzed with technique data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. Research results This show that service protection and provision support to trafficking victims human, police Cianjur can provide service comprehensive medical, psychological, legal, social, and educational. This thing will help victims of trafficking man recover in a way physical and mental, giving protection legal, and helpful they start new life. However, there is a number obstacle like limitations facility medical, stigma against service psychological, slow legal process, social stigma, and limitations access education is also necessary resolved. Therefore the improvement strategy involving services strengthening Work same, provision facilities, training personnel, and campaigns awareness public need implemented.

Local Wisdom as an Effort to Prevent and Restore Victims of Human Trafficking through Online Scammers

Tindak pidana perdagangan orang menjadi isu penting untuk dibahas. Perkembangan teknologi membuat modus tindak pidana perdagangan orang bukan lagi dilakukan dengan cara konvensional, melainkan juga secara daring dengan menggunakan berbagai platform. Salah satu modus yang digunakan adalah melalui online scammer. Kearifan lokal membentuk karakter masyarakat Indonesia menjadi pribadi yang baik. Dengan begitu, kearifan lokal dapat menjadi upaya pencegahan dan pemulihan korban tindak pidana perdagangan orang melalui online scammer. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif. Penelitian dengan studi kepustakaan berfokus pada analisis dan penafsiran terhadap sumber-sumber hukum. Di beberapa sistem hukum, kearifan lokal diakui sebagai sumber hukum yang penting. Sumber hukum ini mungkin tidak tertulis dan lebih bersifat tradisional, seperti adat istiadat, kepercayaan lokal, dan praktik yang diakui dalam masyarakat tertentu. Hasil penelitian ini ialah bahwa tindak pidana perdagangan orang secara online scammer adalah penipuan perdagangan orang yang dilakukan secara daring. Pelaku biasanya akan menargetkan para korbannya dengan sebuah iklan pekerjaan di berbagai platform ataupun dengan menghubungi korban secara langsung dengan menawarkan pekerjaan. Kearifan lokal sesungguhnya dapat menjadi salah satu upaya preventif untuk mencegah tindak pidana perdagangan orang melalui online scammer. Karena dengan adanya ajaran atau pengetahuan kearifan lokal sejak dini, maka masyarakat akan memiliki bekal untuk hidup di dunia luar. Seorang korban perdagangan orang akan terpengaruh secara negatif fisik, mental, dan/atau emosinya. Kearifan lokal bisa menjadi salah satu sarana untuk membantu proses pemulihan pada korban tindak pidana perdagangan orang.

Migration and Human Trafficking: The A Case Study of the Deceived Sub-Saharan African Women in Turkey

Since the mid-1990s, Turkey has experienced a massive increase in sub-Saharan African migrants. According to the U.S. Department of State’s 2021 report on trafficking in Turkey, in 2019, there were 276 victims of human trafficking. This paper examines the issue of human trafficking through the lens of the concept of deceptive trafficking. The cases of eight victimized women trafficked to Turkey from sub-Saharan Africa are examined, and their responses are thematically analyzed using migration theories with a focus on Van Hear’s model. The testimonies of these sub-Saharan African women exploited by human traffickers serve as the foundation for this study. The paper reveals the circumstances that give rise to the practice of human trafficking and the factors that maintain its existence in sub-Saharan African countries. The results highlighted the vulnerability of African women as a target for international and transnational human trafficking.

The Role of Juju Rituals in Human Trafficking of Nigerians: A Tool of Enslavement, But Also Escape

In 2018, the Oba (King) of Benin city in Edo state (Nigeria), a spiritual and traditional leader with significant authority, made a public, spiritual declaration on Nigerian human traffickers (especially those originating from Edo state) and proclaimed that victims of trafficking who were bound by oaths taken during the juju rituals were free. The Nigerian trafficking network relies mainly on juju as a control mechanism to keep the victims bound and subservient to them. Based on repeated in-depth interviews with young Nigerian women and teenager teenage victims of human trafficking for sexual exploitation, this article discusses how juju is used by the trafficking networks to keep their victims exploited, enslaved and indebted. Concurrently, the participants’ narratives also illustrate the important impact of the declaration of the Oba for some women and teenagers in their process to leave the trafficking networks.

Victims of human trafficking and exploitation in the healthcare system: a retrospective study using a large multi-state dataset and ICD-10 codes.

Trafficking and exploitation for sex or labor affects millions of persons worldwide. To improve healthcare for these patients, in late 2018 new ICD-10 medical diagnosis codes were implemented in the US. These 13 codes include diagnosis of adult and child sexual exploitation, adult and child labor exploitation, and history of exploitation. Here we report on a database search of a large US health insurer that contained approximately 47.1 million patients and 0.9 million provider organizations, not limited to large medical systems. We reported on any diagnosis with the new codes between 2018-09-01 and 2022-09-01. The dataset was found to contain 5,262 instances of the ICD-10 codes. Regression analysis of the codes found a 5.8% increase in the uptake of these codes per year, representing a decline relative to 6.7% annual increase in the data. The codes were used by 1,810 different providers (0.19% of total) for 2,793 patients. Of the patients, 1,248 were recently trafficked, while the remainder had a personal history of exploitation. Of the recent cases, 86% experienced sexual exploitation, 14% labor exploitation and 0.8% both types. These patients were predominantly female (83%) with a median age of 20 (interquartile range: 15-35). The patients were characterized by persistently high prevalence of mental health conditions (including anxiety: 21%, post-traumatic stress disorder: 20%, major depression: 18%), sexually-transmitted infections, and high utilization of the emergency department (ED). The patients' first report of trafficking occurred most often outside of a hospital or emergency setting (55%), primarily during office and psychiatric visits.

"PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA OF CHILDREN IN MIGRATION PROCESSES"

"Personal data is used in various areas of our society, but in this article, we would like to analyze the collection, use and storage of personal data in migration processes. And we would like to pay special attention to the protection of personal data of children involved in migration processes. So in our state there is a program «Protection of children in migration processes in Kazakhstan», implemented by the UNICEF Representative Office in the Republic of Kazakhstan with the assistance of the Committee for the Protection of Children’s Rights of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (and later – the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan), as well as the Public Fund «Kazakhstan International Bureau for Human Rights and Rule of Law», Public Fund «Legal Center for Women’s Initiatives «Sana Sezim», Public Fund «Center for Social and Psychological Rehabilitation and Adaptation for Women and Children «Rodnik». The concept of «children in migration processes» includes children applying for refugee status, refugee children and children who have been victims of human trafficking, except for candases (oralmans). The term «Child» means an individual between the ages of 0 and 18 years. Keywords: personal data, law, protection, migration, children, program."

Human Trafficking: Problems of Counteraction in Kazakhstan

Background: This paper assesses the current circumstances regarding the protection and rights of victims of human trafficking in Kazakhstan. The study aims to evaluate Kazakhstan’s main national instruments and laws adopted to combat human trafficking. Methods: The study employed several key methodological approaches, including a systematic approach, which involves the study of combating human trafficking in conjunction with the provision of guarantees of human rights; an integrated approach that consists of the study of objective and subjective factors, as well as an analysis of internal and external (socio-economic, demographic, geopolitical, etc.) factors that are the causes of illegal migration and human traf- ficking; an empirical approach involving research, taking into account the application of relevant experience available in Kazakhstan and abroad; a formal-legal approach to analyse the existing regulatory framework for combating human trafficking and ways to improve it. Results and Conclusions: Based on the study’s results, several practical proposals are put for- ward to eliminate the identified shortcomings and gaps in the legal framework of Kazakhstan and law enforcement practice. This paper concludes that Kazakhstan’s response to its interna- tional obligations to prevent human trafficking has some shortcomings. However, we conclude that significant improvements are possible through the adoption of a special law, as well as in cases of implementation of special organisational measures, strengthening legal responsibility.

인신매매방지법상 피해자 보호의 한계와 개선방향

Today, slavery is prohibited in most countries. However, human trafficking is acting as a transformation that continues the legacy of slavery. Accordingly, the international community has continued various efforts to eradicate human trafficking. Efforts to prevent human trafficking have been diversified in Korea, and some legislative results can be found. Representatively, the revision of the criminal law(April 5, 2013) can be cited as an example, and the Trafficking Prevention Act enacted on April 20, 2021 and enforced on January 1, 2023 is expected to be a full-fledged starting point for the protection of human trafficking victims.
 The purpose of this article is to review the Human Trafficking Prevention Act, which was enacted relatively recently for the purpose of preventing human trafficking and protecting and supporting victims of human trafficking, which has not been discussed in earnest. To this end, ① current status of human trafficking in Korea(II), ② problems of the recently enacted and enforced Human Trafficking Prevention Act(Ⅲ), and ③ ways to improve these problems(IV) were presented. Accordingly, ① the lack of data that can accurately grasp the current status of human trafficking, ② the problem of the main concept of the Human Trafficking Prevention Act, the problem of the human trafficking punishment regulation, and the problem of the victim protection procedure, The procedure for issuing a confirmation letter for victims of human trafficking, etc. was reviewed. ③ As a way to improve upon these problems, the interpretation of ‘human trafficking, etc.’ in the law, the necessity of deleting ‘crimes such as human trafficking, etc.’, and human trafficking in the criminal law The need for revision of regulations and other system improvements for early identification of victims were suggested.