Veterinary Research Institute Research Articles

A Case of Newcastle Disease Virus in Red-Headed Lovebird in Sudan

Two diseased red-headed lovebirds were presented for diagnosis to the Department of Avian Diseases and Diagnosis,Veterinary Research Institute, aged 37 days and 4 years. The symptoms were dyspnea, cyanosis of the comb, diarrhea, and fever. Postmortem lesions included pale liver and bloody enteritis. Newcastle disease virus was isolated from lungs, trachea, and intestines following inoculation in the allantoic cavity of 10-day-old fertile eggs; the NDV was identified by the means of HA&HI tests using specific NDV antisera (Lasota strain). The isolate agglutinated equine RBCs but failed to agglutinate sheep and bovine RBCs. The pathogenicity of the NDV isolate was studied, the mean death time was 96 hours, and the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) value was 0.9, indicating the isolate of lentogenic type.

Backyard Poultry Mortality Associated with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks in Nigeria

Backyard poultry farms infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus in Nigeria between 2006 and 2008 were investigated for morbidity, mortality and Pathology. Affected farms raised local chickens, duck, turkey, guinea fowl and geese and were already confirmed to be infected with HPAI virus by virus isolation and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction at the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom Nigeria. Backyard local chickens recorded the highest number of death with 89.4% of the total flock size while the duck had the highest mortality rate at 87.1%. Mortality rate was least in guinea fowls (20.55%), and above average in geese (54.64%). For Pathology, submitted carcasses comprised of sixty (60) chickens, twenty-nine (29) ducks, thirty-seven (37) turkeys, fourteen (14) guinea fowls and twelve (12) geese which were examined for gross morphological changes and histopathology. Though lesions sparingly occurred in these village poultry, main pathologic findings were associated with the nervous, circulatory, respiratory, and gastro-intestinal systems and occasionally lesions were general unspecific and multi-systemic. It was observed that mortality rate was highest in duck, then chicken and turkey compared to guinea fowl and geese

Profile of dog bite victims in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria: a review of dog bite records (2006-2008)

INTRODUCTION: Dogs are the major reservoir of rabies virus in Nigeria; transmission to humans is via a bite by rabid dog. Between 2006 and 2008 National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) rabies laboratory reported increased numbers of rabies in dogs and human dog bites. The objective of the study was to use veterinary and health records to develop a profile of bite victims and recommend appropriate public health actions. METHODS: We used the dog brain specimen result register of Rabies Laboratory of NVRI, from

Profile of dog bite victims in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria: a review of dog bite records (2006-2008)

Introduction: Dogs are the major reservoir of rabies virus in Nigeria; transmission to humans is via a bite by rabid dog. Between 2006 and 2008 National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) rabies laboratory reported increased numbers of rabies in dogs and human dog bites. The objective of the study was to use veterinary and health records to develop a profile of bite victims and recommend appropriate public health actions.

Study on buck's mating behaviour, libido score and semen biology in local goat of Rohilkhand region, India

The experiment was conducted to record normative sexual behaviour, libido test along with physico- morphological characteristics of semen in bucks of local goats maintained at sheep and goat unit, Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar Bareilly. Available bucks were categorized in to Group I: Experienced (2yrs), Group II: Non experienced Adolescence (1 year), Group III: Pubertal (6 -12 months). Six males from each group utilized for the normative sexual behaviour. Each male was observed 3 times for recording sexual behaviour for 30 min. Semen collection using artificial vagina was done using bucks from group II. Mean time spent in licking and vocalization was higher in Gr2, followed by Gr1 and Gr3. Irrespective of group sniffing and licking were predominant courtship activities observed. False mounting was higher in Gr3, followed by Gr2 and Gr1. Mounting and number of ejaculation was higher in Gr1 followed by Gr2 and Gr3. The time spent in standing without any mating activities was highest in Gr3 followed by Gr2 and Gr1. Introductory ejaculatory latency (IEL) for Gr1, Gr2 and Gr3 was 0.72±0.38, 1.75±0.94 and 6.91±1.73 min. respectively. The lowest IEL was in Gr1 followed by Gr2 and Gr3. The same trend was observed for 1st, 2nd and 3rd post ejaculation interval (PEI). Mean values was lowest in Gr2 followed Gr1 and Gr3 for 4th PEI except Gr3 for 2nd PEI. 5th onwards there was no particular trend followed which might be due to less number of males which exhibited the mating (Gr2). However, the number of bucks which showed the mating was higher in Gr1. Initial mount latency (IML) for Gr1, Gr2 and Gr3 was 0.20 ±0.02, 0.31±0.04 and 0.68±0.27 min., respectively. However, there was no particular trend observed in Gr2 and Gr3.The probable reason for no trend in Gr2 and Gr3 was due to inexperienced bucks. Further, the numbers of bucks showed 4th mating onwards were less. Therefore, Gr1 showed the increment in the refractory period in a consistent manner except 6th and 7th refractory period. Libido score was almost similar in Gr1 and Gr2 but it was higher than Gr3, which differed significantly (P

Abstracts of the Papers (Oral/Poster) Presented During the XXI National Conference of Indian Virological Society (IVS) on “Immunobiology and Management of Viral Diseases in 21st Century”, Held from 8–10 November, 2012, at Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Mukteswar Campus, Mukteswar, Nainital 263138, Uttarakhand

Abstracts of the Papers (Oral/Poster) Presented During the XXI National Conference of Indian Virological Society (IVS) on “Immunobiology and Management of Viral Diseases in 21st Century”, Held from 8–10 November, 2012, at Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Mukteswar Campus, Mukteswar, Nainital 263138, Uttarakhand

경남 중부지역 도축장 출하우의 요네병 감염실태 조사

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the pathogen of paratuberculosis called Johne's disease. Johne's disease is hardly eliminated because of its long latent period and continuous dissemination, so it is found in ruminants worldwide and can cause substantial economic losses in cattle. It has been reported in many studies on the distribution of Johne's disease in some provinces of Korea that not many, but noticeable numbers of infected cows have been detected since the first detection in 1984. The aims of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Johne's disease obtained from slaughtered cattle in central area of Gyeongnam province, Korea. In this study, the ELISA serum antibody test and PCR were employed on a total of 240 blood and ileac substrate samples from slaughtered cattle in two slaughtering and wholesale centers in Gyeongsangnam-do Livestock Veterinary Research Institute Central Branch. Out of the entire 240 blood samples, three (1.3%) were positive by ELISA, while five (2.1%) were suspected cattle. But ileac substrate samples, eight (3.3%) were positive by PCR. By breeds, positive rates of ELISA and PCR in Korean native cattle were 1.3% and 3.5%, respectively, but no positive cows were found in dairy cattle. By provinces, sero-positive rates of Gyeongnam and Gyeongbuk were 1.6% and 1.3%, respectively. And PCR positive rates of Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk and other provinces were 2.4%, 5.0% and 2.8%, respectively. These results indicate that it requires the nationwide monitoring test and measure to deal with subclinically infected slaughtering cows.

Antibiogrammes et profils plasmidiques d'isolats de <em>Pasteurella multocida</em> de bovins dans le centre nord du Nigeria

Des essais sur la sensibilité d’antimicrobiens et la présence de plasmides ont été effectués sur dix-huit souches de Pasteurella multocida isolées à partir de zébus du Laboratoire de recherche vétérinaire, Institut national de recherche vétérinaire, Vom, en 2012. Parmi les 18 isolats, 13 (72 p. 100) étaient sensibles à la sulfaméthoxazole/triméthoprime, 8 (44 p. 100) à la gentamicine, 8 à l’acide amoxicilline / acide clavulanique, 7 (39 p. 100) à la ciprofloxacine, 7 au chloramphenicol, 5 (28 p. 100) à l’ampicilline, 1 (5,6 p. 100) à l’oxacilline, et 1 à la vancomycine. Tous les isolats étaient résistants à la tétracycline et à l’érythromycine. Tous hébergeaient un plasmide de 5 kb. Trois isolats du sérotype E ont présenté un plasmide supplémentaire de 3 kb, un autre a exhibé un plasmide supplémentaire de 6 kb mais aucun des isolats ne contenait à la fois les trois plasmides.

Determination of anti-inflammatory cytokine in periparturient cows for prediction of postpartum reproductive diseases

Forty-one pregnant cows at 240 days of gestation were selected from the cattle herd at the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India. The cows were critically observed daily during the periparturient period until 45 days postpartum. The prepartum sampling day was fixed on the basis of AI date supported by the external signs of the animals approaching parturition. Blood sampling was done for each experimental animal on 15 days prepartum (−15 d), calving day (0 d), 15 days (15 d), and 30 days (30 d) postpartum, and thorough gynecological examinations were performed on 0 d, 15 d, 30 d, and 45 d for diagnosis of postpartum reproductive diseases like retained placenta (ROP), clinical metritis (CM), clinical endometritis, cervicitis, and delayed involution of the uterus. The blood serum was used for estimation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). Determintaion of IL-10 concentration in serum was done by using a commercially available bovine-specific ELISA kit. The IL-10 concentration (pg/mL) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher for ROP (1956.96 ± 325.30) and CM (2283.01 ± 326.82) than normal cows (827.19 ± 127.11) at 15 days before calving. The values for IL-10 was also significantly (P < 0.05) higher for cows with ROP and CM than for normal cows at 0 d and 15 d postpartum. However, the values for IL-10 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for cows with clinical endometritis (1847.83 ± 539.38) than for normal cows (770.75 ± 29.22) at 30 d postpartum. The concentration of IL-10 was lower (P > 0.05) in cows with delayed involution of uterus than other groups of cows at all days of the periparturient period. The cytokine level in cows with delayed involution of the uterus was 328.906 ± 107.19, 263.08 ± 84.92, 415.26 ± 102.14, and 386.28 ± 111.11 on −15 d, 0 d, 15 d, and 30 d, respectively. According to the results of this study it can be concluded that increased serum concentration of IL-10 at 15 d prepartum was observed in cows that developed ROP and CM and remained significantly higher until 15 d postpartum. Therefore, this cytokine might be used as a prognostic marker to identify the cows that are going to develop ROP and CM.

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Lung Specimen of Slaughtered Cattle and Goats by a DNA Based multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction and Ziehl-Neelsen Methods In Jos, Nigeria

Aims: Determine percentage positive by the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain; detect 245 base pair fragment of the IS6110 gene for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using INS1 and INS2 primers and 500 base pair fragment of the RvD1Rv2031c gene for M. bovis using the Research Article British Microbiology Research Journal, 3(4): 550-556, 2013 551 JB21 and JB22 primers by a multiplex PCR (M-PCR);compare number of positive samples detected by ZN stain and M–PCR; determine prevalence rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex between the two animal species studied and estimate the rates of detecting agents of tuberculosis using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) technique and a MultiplexPolymerase Chain Reaction (M-PCR) in lung samples of slaughtered cattle and goats in the study area. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were analyzed at the Central Diagnostic Laboratory and Molecular Biology Departments of the National Veterinary Research Institute Vom. This work was carried out between July-October 2010. Study Design: Experimental. Methodology: Our PCR amplified the 245 base pair (bp) fragment which is specific for this group of Mycobacterium while ZN exploited the acid-fast nature of the organisms. We examined one hundred lung samples, of cattle and goats, fifty for each. Results: Out of the lung samples from cattle, 15 (30%) were positive by ZN while 9 (18%) were positive by PCR. Among the ZN negative samples from cattle, one was positive by M-PCR. All the 50 samples from goats were negative by the two diagnostic tools used in this study. Results obtained in this study showed 0% TB infection in goats and 18% in cattle. Conclusion: The study showed a high infection rate of tuberculosis among cattle sampled in the area of study, as such, preventive and curative measures have to be stepped up in controlling the zoonosis.

Parasitological Evaluation of Domestic Water Sources in a Rural Community in Nigeria

Aim: To evaluate the level of safety of water sources in a rural settlement in Nigeria with reference to parasitic infections and to make appropriate recommendations to the government and the community dwellers. Study Design: Investigative study. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected in Heipang, Barkin Ladi Local Research Article British Microbiology Research Journal, 3(3): 393-399, 2013 394 Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria between October-December, 2012. They were processed at the General Laboratory of National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria. Methodology: 100 water samples were collected from domestic water sources. 10 of the samples were from streams, 60 from ponds, 20 from wells and 10 were from bore holes. Samples were investigated for presence of parasites using standard World Health Organisation approved laboratory techniques. Each sample was subjected to macroscopy, filtration, centrifugation and microscopy. Results: It revealed that 59 out of 100 water sources investigated had parasitic infestation. Ponds had the highest degree of parasitic contamination (78.3%), streams followed closely with 50%, while wells and bore holes had 35% and 0% in that order. Helminths were the leading parasitic genera encountered with Ascaris species accounting for 33.9% of the parasites. Hookworm was the second most common helminth with the prevalence of 20.3%. Strongyloides species accounted for a paltry prevalence of 3.4%. Protozoan cysts of Balanditium coli and Entamoeba histolytica accounted for 18.6% of parasites each. Conclusion: These findings clearly show that most water sources in the study area constitute grave epidemiological threat to public health. Inhabitants of such communities should boil or treat their water before consumption while government authorities should provide safe drinking water to the rural dwellers.

Recombinant polyepitop-forming chimera protein derived from Borrelia burgdorferi OspC variants induces specific antibodies recognizing wide spectrum of antigenic variants of pathogenic Borreliae.

Event Abstract Back to Event Recombinant polyepitop-forming chimera protein derived from Borrelia burgdorferi OspC variants induces specific antibodies recognizing wide spectrum of antigenic variants of pathogenic Borreliae. Michal Krupka1*, Josef Masek2, Romana Cahlikova1, Barbora Knoppova1, Evzen Weigl1, Marek Sebela3, Jaroslav Turanek2 and Milan Raska1 1 Ústav imunologie Lékařské fakulty univerzity Palackého, Czechia 2 Veterinary research institute, Czechia 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czechia Lyme disease is the most frequent zoonosis in Europe and in the United States. It may progress into a chronic form and could lead to nervous or cardiovascular system, joints, skin or eyes affections. Outer surface protein C (OspC) is 23 kDa, lipoprotein antigen of spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi species complex - causative agent of Lyme disease. OspC is one of the most promising candidates for vaccine design. Due to high sequence variability of OspC it is not possible to induce protective immunity to broader range of Borrelia strains by single variant of OspC protein. In this study, we created a fusion chimera recombinant protein (chOspC) composed of OspC immunodominant domains from most frequent infective strains of B. burgdorferi. Protein was expressed in E. coli in fusion with His-tag allowing metalloaffinity chromatography purification. Identity of protein was confirmed by MALDI-TOF. Recombinant chOspC was used for the immunization of experimental mice. Hyperimmune sera were tested to evaluate their reactivity with several OspCs using Western blot and human diagnostic line-blot stripes. Mice immunized with B31 variant of OspC served as a control. Sera of chOspC-vaccinated mice reacted specifically and strongly with whole B. burgdorferi bacteria lysates on Western blot forming single band at position corresponding to OspC as well as with all three OspCs from selected pathogenic subspecies on line blot. In contrast, control sera reacted to only subspecies-specific OspC. Described properties are promising for further testing of chOspC protein as potential Lyme disease vaccine component. Acknowledgements Supported by grants LF_2013_13, TA01011165 and GAP304/10/1951. Keywords: Borrelia, OspC vaccine, Lyme Disease, Recombinant Proteins, polyepitope Conference: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Milan, Italy, 22 Aug - 27 Aug, 2013. Presentation Type: Abstract Topic: Translational immunology and immune intervention Citation: Krupka M, Masek J, Cahlikova R, Knoppova B, Weigl E, Sebela M, Turanek J and Raska M (2013). Recombinant polyepitop-forming chimera protein derived from Borrelia burgdorferi OspC variants induces specific antibodies recognizing wide spectrum of antigenic variants of pathogenic Borreliae.. Front. Immunol. Conference Abstract: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.00469 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 15 Apr 2013; Published Online: 22 Aug 2013. * Correspondence: Dr. Michal Krupka, Ústav imunologie Lékařské fakulty univerzity Palackého, Olomouc, Czechia, krupka.olomouc@gmail.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Michal Krupka Josef Masek Romana Cahlikova Barbora Knoppova Evzen Weigl Marek Sebela Jaroslav Turanek Milan Raska Google Michal Krupka Josef Masek Romana Cahlikova Barbora Knoppova Evzen Weigl Marek Sebela Jaroslav Turanek Milan Raska Google Scholar Michal Krupka Josef Masek Romana Cahlikova Barbora Knoppova Evzen Weigl Marek Sebela Jaroslav Turanek Milan Raska PubMed Michal Krupka Josef Masek Romana Cahlikova Barbora Knoppova Evzen Weigl Marek Sebela Jaroslav Turanek Milan Raska Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

A retrospective study of ocular occurences in domestic animals: 799 cases

Aim: The present study was conducted to determine the approximate prevalence, distribution and different types of ocular disorders in domestic animals. Material and Methods: A retrospective study of ocular affections in domestic animals was conducted at referral veterinary polyclinic, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar from January 2002 to December 2011. The data obtained were analysed after calculating percent of distribution. Results: Totally 799 animals were affected among which Canines and Equines were most commonly affected, followed by Cattle, Buffaloes, Caprines, Felines, Avian and lab animals. Among the disease conditions corneal opacity showed higher incidence and the Caprines and buffaloes were the most affected. Equines and canines highly affected by ocular setariasis and traumatic injury respectively. Cataract incidences were high in spitz breed and cherry eye affect mostly the Neapolitan mastiff. As per age mostly animals of more than 5 years were affected except in Caprines, ages between 1to 5 years were most commonly affected. Left side of the eye was most commonly affected than the right side and fewer incidences were noted in both sides of the eye. Sex wise distribution showed increased incidences of eye diseases in male canines and equines and, female cattle, buffaloes and caprines. Conclusion: Based on this study we concluded that traumatic injury and ocular setariasis are more common in Canines and Equines respectively.

Failures of immunization in animals with reference to the West Africa sub-region.

Event Abstract Back to Event Failures of immunization in animals with reference to the West Africa sub-region. Moses O. Odugbo1* 1 National Veterinary Research Institute, Nigeria In West Africa, outbreaks among livestock vaccinates of vaccine-preventable anthrax, brucellosis and clostridial diseases, have been common occurrences suggesting that no vaccine could be 100% protective. Longitudinal studies conducted over the last five years to determine active immunization against these diseases have shown in general that the antibody titres found in members of vaccinated populations were distributed on a statistically “normal” curve; a few animals having very high titres and another small group failing to respond at all, however many times the animals were re-vaccinated. This varied response is probably due to individual genetic make-up. In general we also observed that a supposedly live vaccine may be dead due to poor storage especially during transportation, or the animal may recently have been treated with an antibiotic, residues of which may be sufficient to inactivate a live bacterial vaccine. If for example more than one antigen is given at one time, the balance of antigens may be such that the response to one or more of them is overwhelmed by a greater stimulation of antibody production effected by the others. In very young animals passive immunity obtained from colostrums or through the placenta may be the cause. The implication of these failures is that where an enzootic disease such as anthrax, brucellosis or tetanus is concerned, many deaths will occur in the unprotected animals because individuals are exposed to the chance of infection over long periods of their lives. Keywords: Immunization failure, Livestock, enzootic diseases, livestock vaccines, Adaptive Immunity Conference: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Milan, Italy, 22 Aug - 27 Aug, 2013. Presentation Type: Abstract Topic: Adaptive Immunity Citation: Odugbo MO (2013). Failures of immunization in animals with reference to the West Africa sub-region.. Front. Immunol. Conference Abstract: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.01204 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 19 Sep 2013; Published Online: 19 Sep 2013. * Correspondence: Dr. Moses O Odugbo, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria, modugbo@yahoo.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Moses O Odugbo Google Moses O Odugbo Google Scholar Moses O Odugbo PubMed Moses O Odugbo Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

An Investigation of Haemo and Gastrointestinal Parasites of Pigs in Some Parts of Langtang North Local Government Area of Plateau State

A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of haemo and gastro-intestinal parasites of pigs in some parts of Langtang north local government area of Plateau State. 171 blood and 171 faecal samples were collected from 171 pigs and were analyzed in the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, using floatation technique and thin blood smear for faecal and blood samples respectively. Results of the analysis showed that 36.84% pigs were tested positive for haemoparasites and 35.09% pigs were tested positive for gastro-intestinal parasites. The study recorded high prevalence with Babesia trautmanni 32(18.17%) and lowest prevalence with Eperythrozoon suis for haemoparasites parasites prevalence. For gastro-intestinal parasites prevalence, Oesophagostomum dentatum & Coccidia spp recorded equal high prevalence with 34(14.04) in each case while Ascaris suum, Fasciolopsis buski and Globourcephalus diducta recorded lowest with 1(0.58) in each case. In both haemo and gastro-intestinal parasites prevalence, there was no significant different (p>0.05) among the parasites encountered. No significant variations (p>0.05) were observed in relation to sex and age prevalence. From this result, different sex and age groups are equally susceptible to haemo and gastro-intestinal parasites infection in the two study districts. The study recommends tick vector eradication and regular deworming in the study area.

Rabies in a Vaccinated 9-Month-Old German Shepherd Dog, Akure, 2010: A Case Report

After the onset of symptoms, the clinical course of rabies is almost invariably fatal. Rabies has traditionally been associated with dogs more than any other animal, and in parts of the world where domestic animal control and vaccination programs are limited, dogs remain the most important reservoir of the disease. We report a case of canine rabies in a vaccinated 9-month-old German shepherd female dog. The presenting clinical sign was jaw muscle paralysis with a hanging bronze color like tongue without salivation. Following encephalectomy, a rabies positive diagnosis was confirmed by fluorescent antibody technique at the Rabies Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom. The epidemiology of the rabies case is not understood. This case is of public health significance because of the at-risk population including animal health care service provider and animals. The following were recommended, (a) a reinvigorated control measure that includes the awareness program on prevention, responsible dog ownership with dog registration at veterinary hospitals, and registered veterinary clinics by the government and (b) a yearly rabies vaccination campaign that must be improved through the veterinary public health and other health departments collaborating.

Viral infections in goose flocks in Poland

The aim of this study was to determine the infectious agents isolated from infection - suspected geese sent for the diagnostic examination to National Veterinary Research Institute. The birds were sent from goose flocks localized in different parts of Poland. Totally, 1,013 birds from 122 flocks were examined. The presence of goose parvovirus (GPV), goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV), and goose circovirus (GoCV) was detected by triplex PCR. The presence of GPV DNA was shown in 36 flocks. The disease was most frequently diagnosed in goslings aging 3.5 weeks (ten flocks), and 2.5 weeks (six flocks). The analysis of the nucleotide sequence of VP1 encoding region has shown close similarity of Polish GPV strains within the group which ranged from 92% to 100%. Moreover, the similarity level of these strains with GPV isolated in Europe was from 91.3% to 100%. The occurrence of GoCV DNA was shown in 25 goose flocks. The presence of GoCV DNA was found among geese aged from 2 to 6 weeks, but predominantly in those aging 3.5 (three flocks) and 5 weeks (five flocks). The sequence analysis of PCR products from the sequenced region of ORFC1 capsid protein of GoCV has shown that Polish isolates share from 85% to 91% similarity with the sequences of GoCV strains isolated in other countries. The presence of DNA of GHPV was found in 3-week-old geese. During the last 2 years the presence of GHPV was confirmed in three flocks of goslings at the age from 3 to 3.5 weeks. During the last 12 years the occurrence of co-infection with GPV and GoCV was detected in six flocks aging from 5 to 6 weeks.

Bluetongue: a historical and epidemiological perspective with the emphasis on South Africa

Bluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious, infectious, arthropod transmitted viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV), the prototype member of the Orbivirus genus in the family Reoviridae. Bluetongue was first described in South Africa, where it has probably been endemic in wild ruminants since antiquity. Since its discovery BT has had a major impact on sheep breeders in the country and has therefore been a key focus of research at the Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute in Pretoria, South Africa. Several key discoveries were made at this Institute, including the demonstration that the aetiological agent of BT was a dsRNA virus that is transmitted by Culicoides midges and that multiple BTV serotypes circulate in nature. It is currently recognized that BT is endemic throughout most of South Africa and 22 of the 26 known serotypes have been detected in the region. Multiple serotypes circulate each vector season with the occurrence of different serotypes depending largely on herd-immunity. Indigenous sheep breeds, cattle and wild ruminants are frequently infected but rarely demonstrate clinical signs, whereas improved European sheep breeds are most susceptible. The immunization of susceptible sheep remains the most effective and practical control measure against BT. In order to protect sheep against multiple circulating serotypes, three pentavalent attenuated vaccines have been developed. Despite the proven efficacy of these vaccines in protecting sheep against the disease, several disadvantages are associated with their use in the field.

Modeling for body growth of crossbred piglets

This paper attempts to describe growth pattern in terms of body weight of crossbred variety (Landrace× desi) of pig for both male and female separately maintained at piggery farm, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar. The suitability of the model was established on the criteria of mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute predicted error (MAPE). On these criteria, Gompertz model was found to be the best fitted model as the shape of the curve for body weight and predicted weights were also quite closed.

Contaminated Soil and Transmission of Influenza Virus (H5N1)

Contaminated Soil and Transmission of Influenza Virus (H5N1)