Failures of immunization in animals with reference to the West Africa sub-region.

Abstract

Event Abstract Back to Event Failures of immunization in animals with reference to the West Africa sub-region. Moses O. Odugbo1* 1 National Veterinary Research Institute, Nigeria In West Africa, outbreaks among livestock vaccinates of vaccine-preventable anthrax, brucellosis and clostridial diseases, have been common occurrences suggesting that no vaccine could be 100% protective. Longitudinal studies conducted over the last five years to determine active immunization against these diseases have shown in general that the antibody titres found in members of vaccinated populations were distributed on a statistically “normal” curve; a few animals having very high titres and another small group failing to respond at all, however many times the animals were re-vaccinated. This varied response is probably due to individual genetic make-up. In general we also observed that a supposedly live vaccine may be dead due to poor storage especially during transportation, or the animal may recently have been treated with an antibiotic, residues of which may be sufficient to inactivate a live bacterial vaccine. If for example more than one antigen is given at one time, the balance of antigens may be such that the response to one or more of them is overwhelmed by a greater stimulation of antibody production effected by the others. In very young animals passive immunity obtained from colostrums or through the placenta may be the cause. The implication of these failures is that where an enzootic disease such as anthrax, brucellosis or tetanus is concerned, many deaths will occur in the unprotected animals because individuals are exposed to the chance of infection over long periods of their lives. Keywords: Immunization failure, Livestock, enzootic diseases, livestock vaccines, Adaptive Immunity Conference: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Milan, Italy, 22 Aug - 27 Aug, 2013. Presentation Type: Abstract Topic: Adaptive Immunity Citation: Odugbo MO (2013). Failures of immunization in animals with reference to the West Africa sub-region.. Front. Immunol. Conference Abstract: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.01204 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 19 Sep 2013; Published Online: 19 Sep 2013. * Correspondence: Dr. Moses O Odugbo, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria, modugbo@yahoo.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Moses O Odugbo Google Moses O Odugbo Google Scholar Moses O Odugbo PubMed Moses O Odugbo Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.