Vehicle Registration Research Articles

Estimating environmental impacts of large-scale transportation networks with vehicle registration data

Estimating environmental impacts of large-scale transportation networks with vehicle registration data

ІНЖЕНЕРНИЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ МОНІТОРИНГУ ПОТОКІВ ТРАНСПОРТНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ПРИ ЗБИРАННІ ЗБІЖЖЯ

The results of using equipment for determining the location of vehicles based on global navigation sat-ellite systems to modernize field road networks and improve the quality of vehicle flow monitoring systems during grain harvesting are presented. An engineering solution for optimizing vehicle registration points is presented and substanti-ated, which allows to eliminate congestion at entrances and/or exits by reducing the cost of the infrastructure required for operation. A list of measures for implementing an improved toll collection system has been formulated, including: installation of access points at entrances and exits, creation of special data centers, development of machine code and reflashing of previously released devices. To verify the proposed solution, data transmitted from vehicles to a GSM base station based on the mass service system. Keywords: grain harvesting, monitoring, flow, vehicle, queuing system.

The effects of cash for clunkers on local air quality

We study the effects of a large car scrappage scheme in Germany on new car purchases and local air quality by combining vehicle registration data with data on local air pollutant emissions. For identification we exploit cross-sectional variation across districts in the number of cars eligible for scrappage. The scheme had substantial effects on car purchases and did not simply reallocate demand across time in the short-term. Nevertheless, about half of all subsidized buyers benefited from windfall gains. The renewal of the car stock improved local air quality suggesting substantial mortality benefits that likely exceed the cost of the policy. While policy take-up is somewhat smaller in urban districts, improvements in air quality and health tend to be larger due to a higher car density.

Aspek Hukum Surat Tanda Nomor Kendaraan Yang Pajaknya Telah Habis Masa Berlaku Saat Dilakukan Pemeriksaan Oleh Polisi Lalu Lintas

Introduction: The ticket is a fine imposed by the police on road users who violate the regulation. Vehicle registration certificate or STNK for short, is proof of registration and ratification of a motorized vehicle based on its registered identity and ownership. Motor Vehicle Tax is a tax levied on ownership and/or ownership of motorized vehicles. 
 Purposes of the Research: The traffic police have the authority to provide evidence of violations (tickets) in the form of confiscating vehicle registration certificates during motor vehicle inspections. What legal policy is followed by motor vehicle users whose Vehicle Registration Certificate has expired. 
 Methods of the Research: This study clearly includes normative legal with secondary data. The main problem in this study obviously is achieved by using a juridical-normative approach. 
 Results Originality of the Research: The results of this study were the police have the authority in terms of traffic violations such as vehicle registration tickets whose taxes have expired. All regulations regarding vehicle registration tickets by the police are regulated in the Traffic and Road Transport Law, Law no. 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police and Government Regulation No. 80 of 2012 concerning Procedures for Inspection of Motorized Vehicles on the Road and Enforcement of Traffic and Road Transportation Violations. Legal policies that can be carried out include preventive measures that carry out traffic regulation, conduct traffic control, socialize to the public to comply with traffic regulations, increase the number of police facilities and increase patrol escort activities, especially in vulnerable and vulnerable areas. Meanwhile, for repressive efforts, namely by issuing ticket and reprimand.

Using a Convolutional Neural Network for Machine Written Character Recognition

Convolutional neural networks are special types of artificial neural networks that can solve various tasks in computer vision, such as image classification, object detection, and general recognition. The paper presents the basic building blocks of convolutional neural networks and their architecture, and compares their recognition accuracy with other character recognition techniques using the example of character recognition from vehicle registration plates. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the optimal configuration of the convolutional neural network and the influence of the size and design method of the training set on the recognition rate. The study shows that although convolutional neural networks have recently gained attention, traditional recognition methods are still relevant, and the choice of the right classifier and its configuration depends on the type of recognition task.

DESIGN AND BUILD VEHICLE PLATE DETECTION SYSTEM USING YOU ONLY LOOK ONCE METHOD BASED ON ANDROID

The method of collecting the vehicle data is conducted conventionally by gathering data from each region to be converted into single, raw information in the form of vehicle plates for all regions, to be processed on a computer and sent to the Central Bureau of Statistics. It is then transformed into a form of national data file that provides information on vehicle plates for the Indonesian people. This kind of data gathering method requires a lot of time and effort. Therefore, it is a concern for researchers to detect vehicle plates using image processing by utilizing the Android-based You Only Look Once method. The YOLOv4 technique is used because it processes image data directly with optimal performance in order to produce faster predictions. In its application, the researchers use Google Collaboratory to create models and Android Studio for android applications. At the same time, the parameters studied were precision, recall, F1 score, average IoU, and mAP. By using the "Vehicle Registration Plate" dataset, the ratio of which is 70% in training data and 30% in data validation, an accuracy of 77% is obtained with a detection time of 0.05 seconds, whereas the average accuracy value is 86.82%. Therefore, it can be concluded that this study has an optimized performance for detecting vehicle plates using the Android application.

Electric Vehicles as Electric Energy Storage for a Zero Emission Grid

Electric Vehicles, especially electric vehicles with bidirectional Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) connectivity, can serve as electric energy storage assets. Following the dramatic increase in electric vehicle registrations in 2022 there can be little doubt that electric vehicles will become a major portion of the entire light duty personal transportation fleet. This paper endeavours to project the growing electric energy storage capability of this asset. It shows that the storage available from the EV fleet may grow to match the daily output of projected solar PV generation in the 2025-30 time period, and greatly exceed the requirements of the EV fleet itself. This presents the possibility of a massive renewable generation capability, levelled and controlled by an even more massive electric vehicle fleet energy storage capability which can offset its intermittent and uncontrolled nature, as a future zero emission energy grid.

TELAAH PASAL 338 -340 KUHP TENTANG PEMBUNUHAN BERENCANA (Analisis Pembunuhan Berencana Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya Yang Di Masukkan Koper Lalu Dibuang oleh Guru Les Musik)

Some time ago, 22-year-old Angelina Natania, a University of Surabaya (Ubaya) student, became the victim of a murder. He was allegedly killed by Rochmat Bagus Apriyatna, who was his music tutor. However, there are other allegations that the perpetrator tried to control the victim's property. The victim's parents, Mr Bambang, said that the perpetrator deliberately approached his daughter to control his property. This allegation is based on the case of the loss of the vehicle registration certificate (STNK) for the victim's Xpander car. The formulation of the problem is as follows: How to study Article 338 of the Criminal Code and Article 340 regarding the determination of the offense of Murder in the Criminal Code? How can the judge decide on Article 340 of the Criminal Code regarding the offense of premeditated murder in the murder case of a University of Surabaya student? The type of research used in this study is normative legal research, which is a type of legal research obtained from literature studies, by analyzing a legal issue through laws and regulations, literature and other reference materials related to the Crime of Premeditated Murder.

Is Banning Fossil-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines the First Step in a Realistic Transition to a 100% RES Share?

Planning the best path for the energy system decarbonization is currently one of the issues of high global interest. At the European level, the recent policies dealing with the transportation sector have decided to ban the registration of light-duty vehicles powered by internal combustion engines fed by fossil fuels, from 2035. Regardless of the official positions, the major players (industries, politicians, economic and statistical institutions, etc.) manifest several opinions on this decision. In this paper, a mathematical model of a nation’s energy system is used to evaluate the economic impact of this decision. The model considers a superstructure that incorporates all energy conversion and storage units, including the entire transportation sector. A series of succeeding simulations was run and each of them was constrained to the achievement of the decarbonization level fixed, year by year, by the European community road-map. For each simulation, an optimization algorithm searches for a less costly global energy system, by including/excluding from the energy system the energy conversion units, storage devices, using a Mixed Integer Linear approach. Three optimization scenarios were considered: (1) a “free” scenario in which the only constraint applied to the model is the achievement of the scheduled decarbonization targets; (2) an “e-fuels” scenario, in which all new non-battery-electric light-duty vehicles allowed after 2035 must be fed with e-fuels; (3) a “pure electric” scenario, in which all new light-duty vehicles allowed after 2035 are battery-electric vehicles. The comparison of the optimum solutions for the three scenarios demonstrates that the less costly transition to a fully renewable energy system decarbonizes the transportation sector only when the share of renewable energy sources exceeds 90%. E-fueled light-duty vehicles always turn out to be a less expensive alternative than the electric vehicles, mainly because of the very high cost of the energy supply infrastructure needed to charge the batteries. Most of all, the costs imposed to society by the “e-fuels” and “pure electric” light-duty-vehicle decarbonizing scenarios exceed by 20% and 60%, respectively, the “free” transition scenario.

Motor Vehicle Registration Taxes (MVRT) across EU countries: MNEs’ profitability and the role of market concentration

This paper discusses the effects of one-off Motor Vehicle Registration Taxes (MVRT) and market concentration level on the profitability of multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in the European Union motor vehicle industry. Our simple theoretical framework shows that firm profits depend on the demand function and therefore on taxes applied to prices. We overcome empirically the challenges of making informative theoretical predictions on the pass-through rate under imperfect competition. We find that MVRT,—both as ad valorem taxes and as specific taxes,—have a significant negative effect on MNEs’ profitability. Our findings show a statistically significant positive effect of market concentration on profitability. Finally, our results suggest that the degree of competitiveness in the motor vehicle market moderates the effect of MVRT on firm profitability only in EU countries where the MVRT is an ad valorem tax, with the negative effect of the ad valorem MVRT becoming higher as the motor vehicle market becomes less competitive.

Atypical intersection of a bicycle path and a carriageway with marked car priority: Which car drivers give way anyway?

The issue of the safety of vulnerable road users is particularly important at points of collision with other roads and road users. The most common solution at the intersection of a carriageway and a cycle path is a cycle crossing, with specific rules of priority for cyclists and drivers. However, the constantly increasing number of accidents involving cyclists prompts the creation of new and innovative solutions in infrastructure and traffic organisation. One novel solution in this respect takes the form of intersections of cycle paths with carriageways with traffic organisation that always gives priority to drivers, introduced in the city of Rybnik in Poland. The aim of the study is to analyse the behaviour of drivers at the intersection of the cycle path and the carriageway with signage indicating car priority in a situation when simultaneously a driver was coming along the carriageway and a cyclist was preparing to cross and crossed the intersection. The study took the form of a trial in which two cyclists—a man and a woman—negotiated the designated intersection in two directions. Drivers’ decisions to give or not to give priority were analysed in the context of the cyclist’s gender and direction of travel, as well as observable driver characteristics such as gender and residence based on the vehicle registration number. The study confirms that a significant number of drivers give priority to cyclists despite the rules at the intersection under study. However, no significant differences were found between the behaviour of female and male drivers. The study found that only one variable—place of vehicle registration—had a statistically significant relationship with giving priority to cyclists, contrary to the variables defining the gender of drivers and cyclists.

FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM OF MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF WHEELED VEHICLES

In the past, Ukraine’s transport vehicles and their maintenance systems were state-owned. The government had vehicles that were organized into large groups of the same brand for operational purpos-es, and the planned economy created conditions for the emergence of maintenance and repair systems for transport enterprises and specialized repair enterprises (overhauling cars, engines, and other components). The quality of repair with disassembly of components for repair and random assembly of them on the conveyor was low. These factors had a negative impact on the evaluation of the feasibility (importance) of the system for years. Even in educational institutions today, it is often said that it is not advisable to create such a system because “such a system is not mandatory in the European Union.” Such a view would not be so misleading if we had a majority of technical service enterprises that are adapted to current market conditions, that strive for repair quality, not just survival. On one hand, Ukraine has created a system for admitting vehicles to the market, but periodically takes unjustified steps to reduce tech-nical regulation requirements for the import and registration of vehicles, seemingly forgetting the need for their systematic technical maintenance and repair. The basis for such a system in terms of operation is the manufacturer’s requirements, which are regu-lated both in the EU and in other countries. The changes in the EU’s acquis over the last 60 years have been studied. The analysis shows that it is necessary to regulate vertical and horizontal agreements in the automo-tive sector and to introduce technical regulation regarding the requirements for the technical maintenance and repair system of vehicles.

대구광역시 어린이 및 노인 보행자의 교통사고 영향 요인 분석

A pedestrian traffic accident is a collision between a pedestrian and a moving vehicle that occurs within the surrounding road environment. The traffic accident data and secondary data from Daegu were collected and utilized between January 2014 and December 2019. The traffic accident data was divided into children, ordinary, and seniors according to the age of pedestrians. A classification model was applied to determine the ranking of the influencing factors. SMOTE was used to address the imbalance in traffic accidents among children and seniors compared to ordinary. The multinomial logistic regression model (MLR), random forest (RF), GBM, and XGBoost were considered classification models. The classification performance of RF, XGBoost, and GBM using ensemble-based decision trees was superior to that of the MLR. The results showed that the important variables for explaining pedestrian traffic accidents were as follows: children pedestrians suffered between 13:00 and 20:00 on sunny days in densely populated industrial complex areas. On the other hand, senior pedestrians faced higher risks of vehicle accidents between 9:00 and 12:00 on sunny days, mainly at intersections in downtown areas with traditional markets. As for the important influencing factors derived from the research, the number of educational institutions, the number of vehicle registrations, precipitation, the number of academies, the number of parks, and the number of facilities for the elderly ranked high accordingly.

Web system for vehicle management in a University Center

This article presents the development process of a web application designed to manage the entrances and exits of institutional vehicles at the University Center for Exact Sciences and Engineering of the University of Guadalajara, under the supervision of the Coordination of General Services. A detailed description of the analysis, design and development of the project is provided. The web application was developed in the Mobile Programming and Innovation Laboratory, with the purpose of digitizing and automating the vehicle registration and control process, replacing the manual filling of sheets or folios with an efficient web system. The main objective of the project was to improve the efficiency and precision in the registration of departures and returns of vehicles, through the capture, storage and consultation of various data related to drivers, vehicles, itineraries, fuel, tools and equipment, mileage, among others. Relevant aspects for vehicle control. The development of the project was carried out applying the agile SCRUM methodology, which is characterized by its focus on adaptability, iterative delivery, effective collaboration, value generation and efficient risk management. SCRUM allowed greater flexibility in development, ensuring customer satisfaction and alignment with their needs and expectations.

A Smart Car Rental Management System using Data Mining

The car rental management system is a comprehensive software application designed to help car rental companies manage their operations efficiently. It includes features such as vehicle registration, inventory management, pricing management, billing and invoicing, customer management, and reporting. The system provides a user-friendly interface for customers to search for available vehicles, make reservations, and manage their bookings. The CRMS encompasses a comprehensive suite of features aimed at automating and optimizing various aspects of car rental operations. These include customer registration and authentication, vehicle inventory management, reservation handling, rental duration tracking, payment processing, and reporting functionalities. By integrating these components into a unified platform, the CRMS simplifies and streamlines the entire rental process, enabling car rental companies to operate efficiently and deliver a superior customer experience. Key benefits of the CRMS include improved operational efficiency, enhanced accuracy in managing rental bookings, minimized administrative tasks, and reduced paperwork. Customers can conveniently browse vehicle options, make reservations, and complete transactions through user-friendly interfaces, fostering a seamless and hassle-free rental experience. Additionally, the car rental management system provides reporting and analytics features, enabling the company to analyse rental patterns, track revenue, and monitor performance metrics. This information can help in making informed business decisions, optimizing fleet utilization, and enhancing customer satisfaction. Overall, the car rental management system streamlines operations, improves efficiency, and enhances customer service in the car rental industry by automating key processes and providing real-time access to crucial information.

Pengaruh Layanan Pengurusan Surat Tanda Nomor Kendaraan terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen

One of the public service systems to realize people's welfare is the One-Stop Single Administration System (SAMSAT). The SAMSAT office in Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi, is also carrying out this as a form of Good Public Service. SAMSAT is an administrative system formed to expedite and speed up services for the benefit of the community whose activities are held in one office. This research wants to know the effect of the service of obtaining vehicle registration certificates on customer satisfaction in Wajo Regency. This research was conducted at the Samsat office in Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The sampling technique used Accidental Sampling to 90 respondents who took care of STNK at the Wajo District Samsat Office. The reason for determining the object of this research is because it is easily accessible by researchers so that it can facilitate the implementation of research. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the procedure factor has a positive and significant influence on the satisfaction of the STNK administrators at the Wajo District Police, the efficiency factor has a positive and significant influence on the satisfaction of the STNK administrators at the Wajo District Police, the effectiveness factor has a positive and insignificant effect on the satisfaction of the STNK administrators at the Wajo District Police, the cost factor has a positive and insignificant effect on the satisfaction of STNK administrators at the Wajo District Police, the time acceleration factor has a positive and not significant effect on the satisfaction of STNK administrators at the Wajo District Police, and the innovation factor has a negative and insignificant effect on the satisfaction of STNK administrators at the Wajo District Police. Taken together, only the procedure variable has a simultaneous effect on SIM applicant customer satisfaction at the Makassar city police station, while other variables have a simultaneous insignificant effect on the satisfaction of STNK administrators at the Wajo District Police.

The impact of electric vehicle charging infrastructure on the energy demand of a city

With the increased market penetration of electric vehicles (EVs), energy consumption is growing at a quicker rate. Electric vehicles are slowly but surely gaining a foothold in India’s rapidly expanding market. With more EVs on the road, there will be more demand for charging and more energy use in some places, which can put a lot of stress on the power grid. In the absence of sufficient planning, there is a risk of power system interruption and failure. Therefore, the need for energy in cities will shift in light of the advent of EVs in the next decade or two. Accordingly, Surat has been chosen as the research region for the planning of charging infrastructure in the current study. After reviewing the literature, primary data was acquired to estimate citizen travel demands. Vehicle registration statistics were compiled from the Regional Transport Office (RTO) for the purpose of EV forecasting. After collecting data, the EV population and demand for public charging stations by 2025 and 2030 were calculated. This study aims to meet the public charging demand in the city of Surat by analyzing the electric vehicle growth rate and vehicle forecast. This anticipated data was then utilized to compute the energy demand consumption for Surat city by calculating vehicle kilometers traveled. The demand for public charging comes out to be 42.4 MWh/day in 2025 and 358.05 MWh/day in 2030, respectively. The study’s objective is to determine energy demand per region in order to better understand grid planning due to the imbalance in electricity demand.

Mode shift behaviour and user willingness to adopt the electric two-wheeler: A study based on Indian road user preferences

As per statistics, two-wheeler (TW) alone shares the highest number of vehicle registrations in India, which develops the various transportation-related issues such as traffic conflicts, congestions, and pollutions. Electric two-wheelers (E-TW) are a better alternative to conventional two-wheelers because of their significant advantage in mitigating environmental impacts. But E-TWs are less attractive among road users due to unawareness of the benefits of E-TW. In addition, the traditional methods are less accurate in predicting users' mode choice behavior because of their limitations. Therefore, there is a need to conduct a study to understand the road user's willingness to adopt E-TW and find a suitable method for predicting mode choice behavior accurately. This study analyzes the Indian road users encouraging and discouraging factors to adopt E-TW and investigates the application of non-traditional models for estimating mode shift behaviour towards E-TW. Based on the literature review and expert opinion, a detailed questionnaire form was framed, and a total of 522 samples were collected from four states of India. The data findings show that Indian road users prefer TW compared to public transport, private four-wheeler, paratransit, and non-motorized transport because of its easy to ride, low maintenance, fast and convenient travel nature. The environmental concern of reducing air pollution and lower vehicle operating costs are significant factors that encourage E-TW adoption. However, the non-availability of charging infrastructure, lower speed, higher initial purchase cost, and lack of awareness about EVs are the significant discouraging factors in adopting E-TW in India. Further, Machine Learning (ML) methods were adopted to predict the mode shift behaviour from the fuel based TW to E-TW, and the results were compared with the Binary Logit (BL) method. The model results indicated that Support vector machine predicted the mode shift behavior with the highest accuracy rate compared with other methods such as Artificial Neural Network, K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, and BL. The outcome of this study would help the transportation planner, EV manufacturers, researchers, and policymakers to understand the Indian user's preference to adopt E-TW.

E-Challan Generation System using ANPR with Desktop Application

Abstract: Efficiently overseeing adherence to traffic regulations is an arduous task faced by authorities in light of population growth and increased vehicular activity on roads. The conventional approach to managing road users who break laws involves time-intensive manual processes that interfere with smooth transportation operations. This paper proposes a promising tactic for automating the production of E-challans through incorporation of Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) technology. By installing mounted cameras with ANPR capabilities alongside CCTV equipment which utilizes image processing together with optical character recognition technology (OCR), swift automated identification of infringing drivers can be achieved through read-outs from their vehicle registration plates. Ultimately, this method seeks to lessen reliance on human resources while enhancing the effectiveness of law enforcement activities

Estimating individual vehicle emission factors from near-road measurements in India

Over the years, vehicular emissions have been the main contributor to the deterioration of urban air quality. However, quantification of real-world vehicular emissions is quite limited in low- and middle-income countries like India. Developing real-world vehicle emission factors (EFs) using reference-grade instruments requires a significant amount of resources. This study aims to develop the individual and fleet vehicle EFs and the fraction of high-emitting vehicles using high-time resolution, low-cost sensors from near-road measurements – a first-of-its-kind study in India. Traffic and air pollutant measurements were conducted at the kerbside of a street canyon in Mumbai. The individual vehicle fuel-based EFCO and EFNOx were estimated using the plume-identification technique coupled with the information obtained from the vehicle registration number plates. The fleet mean (±SD) EFCO, EFNO, and EFNO2 were 6.30 (±3.16), 1.38 (±1.17), and 0.43 (±0.32) g/kg, respectively, while for EFPM1, EFPM2.5, EFPM2.5-10, and EFPM10 were 0.70 (±0.34), 1.19 (±0.57), 0.90 (±0.65), and 2.09 (±1.05) g/kg, respectively. The developed individual vehicle EFCO and EFNOx were greatly varied within each vehicle type due to differences in emission control technology, engine size, and the prevalence of “super-emitters”. There was no substantial difference in EFCO and EFNOx among the different BS emission standards across almost all vehicle types. The reconstructed fleet EFCO and EFNOx from the developed single-vehicle EFs were 1.4 and 1.9 times higher than the recorded fleet EFs. Approximately 14% of vehicles in the fleet were identified as super-emitters, responsible for 37–54% of total emissions, primarily from private passenger vehicles such as cars and two-wheelers. The EFCO and EFNOx from these high-emitters were 3–30 times greater than the laboratory-reported emissions. Our study suggests that improving emission standards alone is not enough to decrease tailpipe emissions from vehicles. Proper vehicle inspection and maintenance programs are crucial in controlling these emissions.