Vasyl Stefanyk Research Articles

Escape into Creativity: Thoughts on the Margins of a New Work about Vasyl Stefanyk

Reviews - Velykochyi, V., Monolatii, I., & Derkachova, O. (2022). (Un)Expected Stefanyk. Brustury: Discursus.

Staying True to Oneself

Reviews - Velykochyi, V., Zhernokleiev, O., Monolatiy, I. et al. (Eds). (2022). Oleksandr Karpenko: the road to himself. Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University.

Students’ healthy lifestyle formation in english classes (using materials of Polish and Ukrainian authors)

The article aims to present the comparative results of a study of the formation of a healthy lifestyle among students of some pedagogical specialties; to analyze the content of the students’ healthy lifestyle formation in English lessons, and to present materials on health issues from the works of Ukrainian and Polish authors which could be integrated into the content of English lessons. The following research methods were used: analysis of scientific literature, surveys, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the obtained results. Motivational-value, cognitive and behavioral-activity criteria for the formation of a healthy lifestyle for students are determined. The participants of the study were first-year students majoring in “Biology” (n=34, the experimental group – EG) and “Primary Education” (n=86, control group – CG) at Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University (Ukraine). The pedagogical possibilities for solving the outlined tasks through teaching English are proved. It was found that “health improvement” is possible under the following pedagogical conditions: systematic and purposeful inclusion of healthy lifestyle issues in the content of education, use of additional literary works, especially by Ukrainian and Polish authors, and writing effective teaching aids on techniques for the use of additional literature in the process of healthy lifestyle formation in both classroom and extracurricular work.

To the problem of conceptualization of the poetics of Vasyl Stefanyk, a novelist (level of the personosphere)

To the problem of conceptualization of the poetics of Vasyl Stefanyk, a novelist (level of the personosphere)

«Lithuania with the Crown has a common cause…»

The article has archeographic nature and contains the text of two documents in Polish found in the Manuscripts Department of Vasyl Stefanyk Lviv National Scientific Library, the report of a certain apprentice of the nobleman Krzysztof Fasz about the siege of Gomel and the report prepared for the command of the crown army about Cossack diplomatic mission to the field hetman of Lithuania Janusz Radziwiłł in June 1651. The purpose of the article is to make the first edition and scientifically comment on the mentioned documents together with their translation into Ukrainian.The year 1651 promised to be a turning point for the young Cossack state, which was trying to establish itself on the map of Europe. At the end of the winter, the Zaporozhian Army, the Crimean Khanate, the Polish Crown, and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania began preparations for a new round of armed conflict. The war, as two years before, was to last on two fronts – the Cossack-Polish and the Cossack-Lithuanian.Cossack regiments led by Martyn Nebaba, Matvii Gladkyi and Prokop Shumeiko, as well as certain Tatar units were transferred to Liubech and Loyev. The Cossacks guarded the crossings across the Dnieper and Sozh, preparing for the possible arrival of Lithuanian troops or the beginning of the Cossack offensive to the north.In the spring, Sivershchyna, which was a border region, became the scene of small skirmishes between the Cossacks of the Chernihiv Regiment and some units of the Lithuanian army. These skirmishes quickly escalated into full-fledged hostilities. Finally, on May 26, the Cossacks began the siege of Gomel Castle.Although the course of the siege of Gomel has been well studied by M. Hrushevskyi, the published document (№ 1) contains valuable and unique evidence of the activities of the Cossack departures, the mood in the besieged castle and the mention of the massacre of the burghers made by the Lithuanian garrison, also movement of the main Lithuanian army to repel Gomel.The second document, a report from the Lithuanian camp about the Cossack embassy to J. Radziwiłł, is already known to researchers. For the first time, M. Hrushevskyi partially introduced it into scientific circulation, using several fragments of it translated into Ukrainian. However, the historian did not pay much attention to the interesting data given in this report, first of all those concerning the description of the reception of envoys, their life in the Lithuanian camp, etc. Also, the researcher failed to correctly read certain fragments, including the name of one of the Cossack envoys.

The Technology of Development of Communicative Culture of Elementary School Teachers

The deepening and complication of connections in today’s globalized world have led to an increased interest among scientists in the problem of formation of communicative culture of future professionals in all industries. Many scientific works of both Ukrainian and foreign scientists are devoted to the problem of formation of communicative culture of future teachers. However, scientists mainly consider the problem of formation of communicative culture of future professionals separately from other types of culture. As a result, the scientific achievements of scientists may not be fully implemented in practice. This leads to a lot of gaps in the training of future teachers. The insufficient level of communicative culture of teachers creates a barrier for the spiritual, psychophysiological and social development of children. The purpose of this article is to determine the effectiveness of cultural dialogue technology techniques in the formation of communicative culture of future teachers in primary school. To achieve this goal, the following research methods have been used: analysis of the development of communicative culture of elementary school teacher, more specifically students at Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University (Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine), participants questionnaires, various diagnostic methods, pedagogical experiment, as well as statistical methods. 92 students of the pedagogical faculty of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian University participated in the experimental work. The results of the experimental work confirmed the effectiveness of the technology of culture dialogue in the formation of communicative culture of prospective primary school teachers.

University: Steps of Growth

The origins of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University trace back to the Pedagogical Institute established in 1941 in Stanislav, which was the regional centre at that time. During the eighty years of its existence, the educational institution developed gradually: first it functioned as the Pedagogical Institute and its long-term existence was marked by numerous significant events, then it became a classical university, and, finally, it received the title and status of a national university. In recent years, the university has undergone radical changes in all areas of its life and work. There has come to the forefront the need of focusing on the experience of European universities while preserving national and state positions. Cooperation with leading European universities has made it possible to provide students with an opportunity to obtain a diploma not only from Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, but also from one of the Polish ones. On the part of the staff the ongoing process of supporting the Ukrainian language as the state language goes hand in hand with general and persistent efforts teachers and students to master the English language.
 There have taken place significant changes in the organization of the educational process, introduction of new curricula, as well as modern teaching methods. Information technologies and the Internet have become an integral part of the educational process, while a powerful information center has been established to provide technical support for the training session organization and the online access to scientific sources. New ways of teaching presupposes the activation of the factor of students’ individual work, which accounts for independent acquisition of a significant part of the necessary information. The scientific library now has better possibilities to make scientific and educational literature essential for the training of highly qualified specialists available through the university website.
 The scientific activity of teachers has risen to a new level; new scientific centers have been created, new laboratories have been equipped; there is an ongoing international project aimed at restoration of the observatory on Mount Pip Ivan in the Carpathians. There has been a significant rise in scientific output measured by the Scopus scientific metric base; in recent years the number of doctors of science has increased by a third, and new promising scientific schools have been opened. Several multivolume fundamental scientific works have seen the world. Student self-government has also intensified, cultural life is booming, there are significant achievements in sports. In the future, the university seeks to enter the top 100 best universities in the world.

МАЙСТЕР-КЛАС З АКАДЕМІЧНОГО ВОКАЛУ ЯК ФОРМА АКТИВІЗАЦІЇ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ У МИСТЕЦЬКИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

The article reveals the experience of using a master class on academic vocal as a form of activation of the educational process in urban institutions of higher education in Ukraine. Since Ukrainian scholars have not identified theoretical works on the role of master classes in the educational process in the vocal sphere, the disclosure of experience, which is the purpose of our article, should update the development of methodological and methodical principles of research. It has been established that over the last decade the form of master classes has been increasingly used by domestic vocal teachers. The experience of their holding at the Mykola Lysenko Lviv National Academy of Music, the Institute of Arts of the Borys Hrinchenko Kyiv University and the Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University with the participation of leading foreign opera singers, most of whom are of Ukrainian origin, was summarized. All of them worked on master classes on a volunteer basis. In Lviv they were conducted by the professor from the Academy of Music (Norway), world-famous singer (tenor) Carlo Allemano, in Kyiv – world-famous opera singer (lyric-coloratura soprano) Victoria Lukianets from Vienna, in Ivano-Frankivsk – also world-famous opera singer (baritone) Pavlo Gunka (Great Britain), young singers, soloists of Polish opera theaters Iryna Zhytynska and Stanislav Kufliuk. In each case, the duration of master classes lasted from one to seven days, the number of participants was 4–30 people. A pre-studied program of 1–3 works (aria, solo songs, folk song) was chosen for the work. Some teachers paid more attention to technical problems in voice production, others – to the artistic image, associations, understanding of the works performed. The structure of the master classes included: 1) demonstration by a recognized singer-mentor of his skills and his understanding of the problem in a practical form; 2) involvement of the student in active activity on mastering of skill under the control of the expert; 3) publicity, ie the presence of a wide audience (teachers, students, journalists), who perceived the process of communication between the master and his wards, and who joined this process, asking questions and demanding explanations. The organizational and semantic aspects of the use of master classes in academic vocal in higher educational institutions in the field of art are in need of further consideration.

Use of Interactive Digital Posters as an Innovative Learning Technology in Ukrainian Higher Education (on the example of the course "Children's Literature and Methods of Teaching Literary Reading" )

The article analyses the ways of making a successful graduate - a future New Ukrainian School teacher. One of the key competencies, interrelated with values, linguistic and literary, is outlined. It is emphasized that at the present stage of development of language education a significant role is given to the technological approach to the organization of the educational process. Effective modern teaching aids that help present educational material in a different way are analyzed; arouse students’ interest; contribute to the development of a future teacher’s creative potential. They are convenient and effective to use, facilitating the work of both teachers and students. This is an innovative form in the lecture structures, practical classes, as well as independent work, school teaching practice. The study focuses on the peculiarities of creating interactive posters and their importance in the reception of fiction texts. The text of the article contains interactive digital posters created by students of speciality "Primary education" of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathion University with some illistrations that are free available on the Internet.

Peculiarities of Organization of Pedagogical Practice for Future Teachers of Primary School in Ukraine and Cyprus: Comparative Analysis

The article substantiates the relevance of practice-oriented learning and highlights the importance of practice in school in the process of training future teachers. The authors define progressive ideas of teachers’ practical professional training in Ukraine and the Republic of Cyprus. A comparative analysis of the Field Placement Program of student teachers of the two countries was performed. The stages of practice-oriented training of future primary school teachers, the content and results of pedagogical practice are highlighted. The paper describes the experience of the University of Cyprus (UCY) on the activities of clubs in teacher education, where students create conditions to discuss positive and negative situations, share ideas with students at school, carry out collaborative analysis of their teaching during field placement in video clubs. It was found out that in Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University (PNU) the discussion of the results of students’ work during pedagogical practice at school is carried out mostly at the university with a group of teachers and learners where future teachers publicly report on their work. The graduate students’ feedback on Teacher Education (results of pedagogical practice in school) is analyzed: the presence of clear instructions on the organization of teacher activities in primary school; ability to set goals and objectives of the lesson; ability to plan professional activities to achieve these goals; skills of organizing educational dialogue in the classroom; ability to create comfortable psychological comfort in the classroom; establishing partnerships with students’ parents and teachers at school; skills of communicative culture in teaching children; use of means to stimulate students’ motivation, etc.

THE FOLKLORE SCENARIO OF “THE OLD MELODY” BY VASYL STEFANYK

The paper offers an analysis of Vasyl Stefanyk’s short story “The Old Melody”. This piece, first published in 1927 in the May edition of Kharkiv magazine “The Red Way” under the title “Brothers. The Old Melody”, is a highly artistic literary representation of the Christmas traditions in Pokuttia region. The author not only outlined the concept of the ritual behavior of the caroling community members but also enriched the piece with skillfully engraved passages from some glorifying carols addressed to an unmarried man. The history of this short story is worth special attention. The first attempt of reproducing a bright childhood memory in the form of an accomplished literary piece was undertaken by Stefanyk back in 1902. At that time, however, he limited himself to mere shaping of the plan. The final part of the incomplete essay “To My Mates” may be regarded as a kind of experimental version featuring the major Christmas motif, which was subsequently offered to the readers in the form of an accomplished short story. The folklore and ethnographic background of “The Old Melody” served as a context that allowed to trace out Stefanyk’s journey towards the perception of the Christmas spirit and scholarly consideration of the caroling repertoire (being a gymnasium student, he prepared an essay on carols). Very vivid passages from Christmas carols motivate to make an attempt to establish the exact folklore content that inspired the writer and name those samples of the lavish Ukrainian caroling tradition that were steadily present in the memory of the literary master. The short story reflects a kind of initiation ritual where a novice boy first communes with the archaic carol melody and enters the temple of the national millennial spiritual tradition.

VASYL STEFANYK IN CZECHIA: LIFETIME PERCEPTION IN REVIEWS AND TRANSLATIONS

The paper traces the perception of Vasyl Stefanyk’s works in Czechia, from the first mention of him by Ivan Franko in the monthly “Slovanský přehled” in 1898 to the obituaries of the writer, who passed away at the end of 1936. The research outlines the genre spectrum of Czech publications concerning Stefanyk’s works (translations; reviews in periodicals; scholarly, educational, and reference editions) and the circle of authors that paid attention to Stefanyk’s writings. In particular, it specifies the authorship of A. Proházka’s and V. Prach’s works assigned by cryptonyms.
 Stefanyk’s writings aroused the interest of the authors representing various literary directions and groups: Czech Modernism (František Šalda), the decadent periodical “Moderní revue” (Arnošt Proházka), a group of anarchist rebels (Stanislav K. Neumann), and the Masaryk’s movement of ‘realists’. The decadents and ‘rebels’ even showed a special affection for the Ukrainian author, as they were the first to translate him in their magazines and published the writer’s earliest and most complete lifetime Czech collection “Povídky” (“Stories”) in 1905. There were five Stefanyk’s books published in the writer’s homeland during his lifetime, but the biggest attention of the Czech translators was drawn to the collection “The Little Blue Book”, and among the short stories — “The News”, “He Committed a Suicide”, “Maple Leaves”, and “My Word”. Among well-known translators were Karel Rypáček, Jaroslav Rozvoda, and Rudolf Hůlka.
 Alois Koudelka, Jan Máchal, Vincenc Charvát published critical works exploring the expressionist style and existential issues of Stefanyk’s works. Czech critics often took guidance from the discourse on Stefanyk represented by I. Franko, B. Lepkyi, and Lesia Ukrainka. Perception of Stefanyk’s writings developed into an engaging study of the writer’s works in the institutionally branched and aesthetically dierentiated cultural environment of Czechia in the interwar 20th century. This interest helped to establish a closer Czech-Ukrainian literary dialogue.

МАТЕРІАЛИ ДО ІСТОРІЇ ПЕРЕМІЩЕНИХ ОСІБ (ДіПі) У ВІДДІЛІ РУКОПИСІВ ЛННБ УКРАЇНИ ім. В. СТЕФАНИКА

The goal of the paper is to characterize materials from Department of manuscripts of Vasyl Stefanyk Lviv National Scientific Library of Ukraine dedicated to the history of Ukrainian displaced persons after World War II. Source criticism going to be the main methodological aspects of the presented research. The research on post-war displaced persons is quite popular in both Ukrainian and foreign historiography and that is why the paper will add some new information to this topic. Among domestic researchers of this problem it is worth noting the monograph by O. Podobed, which studies the cultural life of Ukrainians in DP camps. N. Sydorenko is engaged in the study of the camp press. Lviv researcher L. Holovata also pays attention to this issue in her articles. The activities of the Soviet repatriation commission are closely connected with the history of Ukrainians in the camps of postwar Europe. L. Khromeichuk and A. Andreev published papers dedicated to the USSR’s attempts to «bring» its citizens home. About a dozen of Ukrainian archival institutions store primary sources to the history of Ukrainian DP camps. And now the Department of manuscripts of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine can be added to that list. The topics dedicated to the history of Ukrainian DPs are still incomplete in historiography and revealing of a new archives and documents will do much help for future researches. Conclusion. Most of the materials for studying the history of Ukrainian DPs are stored in the personal archive of Mykhaylo Demkovych-Dobryansky (Fond # 298). Documents related to the movement of the fundraiser to the United Kingdom from the DP camp are available for researchers. Also within the fond #298 are collection materials of Stepan Baran who took an active part in a life of Ukrainian DP camps. Other materials could be found in the personal poet Canadian journalist A. Bedriy and 1917‒1921 Ukrainian revolution military activist I. Hnoyovyi.

Preparation of Primary School Teachers for Communicative and Rhetorical Activity in School in the Context of their Practical Training

The article deals with the analysis of the state of the primary school teachers’ preparation for communicative-rhetorical activity at school, diagnostics of formation of communicative-rhetorical skills of future teachers. The theorists and practitioners give an important place to rhetoric as a science and an academic subject in the training teachers of the new generation. It is the communicative and rhetorical skills as an important component of the general and professional culture of the teacher that will help the primary school educator to organize the pedagogical process effectively, build convincing communication with children, their parents, colleagues, officials etc. However, in the theory and practice of pedagogical education and science the phenomenon of communicative-rhetorical competence as the most important component of the teacher's professional profile is not realized, its structure is not distinguished, psychological and pedagogical bases and, technology of its formation for students are not clearly defined, the world’s experience of rhetorical personality formation is studied. This was confirmed by the results of a survey conducted among undergraduate students, graduates of pedagogical faculties of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Kamyanets-Podilsky Ivan Ogienko National University, Drohobych State Pedagogical University of Ivan Franko, students of postgraduate pedagogical education Ivano-Frankivsk, Khmelnytsky, Lviv regions. Thus, most respondents consider their level of communication and rhetorical skills to be insufficient. More than 70% are afraid of the audience; 84% do not know how to speak “without paperˮ. All respondents, including teachers, regardless of work experience, called the main reason for the ineffectiveness of pedagogical communication the fact that during professional training they did not have well-formed communication and rhetorical skills. The obtained results convincingly prove the need for their purposeful formation in future primary school teachers. Optimal construction and implementation of the educational process for the formation of students’ communicative and rhetorical skills is possible with a technological approach, the essence of which is to modernize the didactic system based on the study of its components and experimental verification of its effectiveness, as well as the introduction of in general, the rhetoric of the initial process in the pedagogical institution.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ПРОЦЕСІ ВИВЧЕННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ МОВИ МАЙБУТНІМИ ПЕДАГОГАМИ В ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

The article considers innovative approaches to the study of the Ukrainian language in the mode of distance learning by future primary school teachers, which is important for their professional development, defines the concept of “information and communication technologies”, analyzes those that promote effective learning in accordance with the Standart of Higher Education. The article presents the experience of implementing ICT tools in the process of learning of Ukrainian language by students of specialty 013 Primary education of the Kolomyia Educational-Scientific Institute of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University. We are convinced that the search for effective methods and forms of organizing the work of students in modern conditions obliges the lecturer to implement ICT tools that can provide a comprehensive, consistent, active and systematic study of the state language. We consider ICT as a wide range of electronic educational resources, among which we single out those that promote the study of the state language at a high professional level, namely electronic courses of lectures, electronic practicums and dictionaries, electronic methodical recommendations and program requirements, didactic materials, test tasks for control and self-control online. Based on these resources, the lecturer creates an electronic training course on the study of the Ukrainian language and places it on the platform of distance learning of the university. Thanks to video meetings, free access to the necessary online services and online resources future teachers have the opportunity to improve the knowledge of the state language. Prospects for further research are aimed at finding effective innovative methods, forms and tools for working with students majoring in 013 Primary Education to deepen their cognitive and practical skills and communication skills between the subjects of the educational process, enriching oral and written speech in the course "Modern Ukrainian language with a workshop "in terms of distance and blended learning.

Dynamics of Ragweed Pollen Concentration in the Air of Ivano-Frankivsk

The article updates the conduct of aeropalynological monitoring in Ukraine because today, there are only a few studies in the country that cannot be automatically extrapolated to other regions, as the diversity of climatic zones affects the duration of pollination and pollen grains in the air. Furthermore, this type of research is needed due to the increasing number of people suffering from pollen allergies (hay fever).The research was conducted in the city of Ivano-Frankivsk (western Ukraine) from early February to mid-October 2019, using a gravimetric Durham pollen collector installed on the roof of the Faculty of Natural Sciences of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University (24 m from the ground). The pollen grains were counted using an Olympus CX-300 light microscope (magnification x 400). The main goal was to study the aeropalynological spectrum of the city and the dynamics of concentrations of ragweed pollen grains (the most important plant allergen).The study determined the aeropalynological spectrum of Ivano-Frankivsk and provided data on pollination of the following taxa: Betula, Quercus, Acer, Fraxinus, Pinus, Juglans, Carpinus, Alnus, Populus, Urticaceae, Poaceae, Artemisia, and Ambrosia; conducted a comparative characterization with the spectra of the cities of Vinnytsia (central Ukraine) and Zaporizhia (southern Ukraine); determined the beginning and end of pollination of ragweed and the peak of its flowering, as well as conducted a comparative description with last year's data.Seeing an alarming trend, there is a need to continue to conduct aeropalynological monitoring to create calendars of sawing and alleviate the course of allergies in people prone to it.

Ecological Features of Terrestrial Insect Fauna of the Botanical Garden of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University

In 2018, we conducted a study of the terrestrial insect fauna of the Botanical Garden. Research was conducted at six areas: three areas in the meadow-steppe biotope, one area near a pond, and two areas in the forest part of the botanical garden.As a result, 54 species of terrestrial insects were found to be inhabited, among which beetles from two families – Ground beetle and Darkling beetle (Coleoptera). The basis of the fauna of the botanical garden is widespread species (cosmopolitan, trans- and western Palearctic, trans- and western Eurasian, Scythian) – 88%; in most cases, these are evrybiont species that are well adapted to life in agrocenoses and in urbanized areas. The terrestrial insect fauna of the botanical garden is dominated by steppe and polyzonal species (57%), as well as a large share of field, steppe-field and meadow-field species (29%).Comparing the species composition of insects in different areas, it can be noted that in the meadow areas of the botanical garden (Areas 2, 3, 6) there are no virgin species such as Amara pastica, Pterostichus macer, Taphoxenus gigas, and in the areas near the lake (Area 1) and in the forest part of the botanical garden (Areas 4-5) there are no field species Pterostichus punctulatus, Harpalus zabroides, Harpalus distringuendus, Silpha obscura; thus, the fauna of the meadow areas of the Botanical Chad is closer to the virgin steppe than the fauna of Areas 1, 4, 5.56% of terrestrial insect species in the botanical garden are species with one or another degree of phytophagy, zoophagy is characteristic of 40% of species; pure phytophages make up 32% of species, pure zoophages 24%. Predominance of phytophages is a characteristic of agrocenoses and disturbed ecosystems.One trend is observed – a decrease in the biodiversity of entomofauna in August; this is explained by the drying of biotopes at the end of summer, especially in 2018. If we compare the indices by biotopes, then in June biodiversity is much higher in the meadow areas of the botanical garden, and in August these indicators are slightly higher in the areas near the pond and in the forest part of the botanical garden, which can also be explained by environmental factors and their influence on terrestrial insect organisms.

Особливості однойменних новел Василя Стефаника

The article deals with the peculiarities of the eponymous short stories («Angel», «Sin») by Vasyl Stefanyk. It examines the specifics of the textual organization of works. The paper explores the basic image-symbol. Their semantics are often associated with biblical, mythological, and folkloric aspects. The author introduces psychological details that emphasize the state of the protagonist. He emphasizes the sensual component. This feminine dominant regulates the pace of the story and expresses the stream of consciousness as a confessional monologue. Vasyl Stefanyk's novels of the same name distinguish the connection on the formal and content levels. All the analyzed works are united by the feminine dominant (central images, intimate narration, the sensual component determines the conventional chronotope and determines the tempo of the presentation, the stream of consciousness, the priority of being), the multilevel of the issues raised, among which the main one is self-awareness of the interaction and interdependence of emotions, thoughts, word and deed. The author uses psychological details to emphasize the state of the protagonist, to involve the recipient in the mystery of the confession. Artistic texts with the name "Sin" are a kind of dilogy of contrast because it is about the actions and consequences associated with the transgression of social morality or ethical norms. Responsibility for what has been done is the basis for long-term self-reflection, which leads to different conclusions. Causing damage to the community becomes an irreparable crime, and death becomes penance-salvation. On the contrary, the birth of a child enables penance-purification in a preserved life and decent upbringing. Hence, the concept of "sin" acquires a polysemantic meaning, taking into account the subjective interpretation of the main character by the reader. The works with the common name "Angel" contain many self-allusions, connected by a central iconic symbol and its meaning for the protagonist. The materialized heavenly messenger acts as a guardian and interlocutor, able to hear, feel, understand and respond to any, even silent, call of the soul. Despite the common name, the works reveal unique stories with individualized characters, primarily central images. Probably, this is a creative finding of a brilliant prose writer, a master of the small epic form, who in this way not only knows how to intrigue the reader, raising provocative topics primarily related to internal conflict but also encourages the recipient to an original research game, inspiring him to study carefully common and distinct components of the formal and content levels. Hence, the choice of the same names is probably not accidental, reassuring the recipient to compare the novels and understand the multidimensionality of the symbolic names.

Національна своєрідність потрактування образу землі в українських народних думах та творчості Василя Стефаника: психологічний аспект

The article studies the original psychologism in the interpretation of the land image in Ukrainian folk dumas and short stories by Vasyl Stefanyk, who was a representatives of the “Pokutia triad” (Vasyl Stefanyk, Les Martovych, Marko Cheremshyna). Using the comparative method, the semantic-cognitive and the concept-analysis, the authors determine the national peculiarities of worldview of the heroes, the role of the author's principle, the transformation of linguistic signs of nationally marked lexes, expressing the worldview of ethnocultural groups of Galicia, Pokuttya and Steppe Ukraine in their dialectical unity. The article emphasizes that the symbolism of the land in Ukrainian folk dumas and short stories by Stefanyk is expressed in the paradigm of the concepts “land - breadwinner”, “land - family”, “land - will”, “land - glory”, “land - life”. It is noted that for the Galician peasants the land was of the greatest value and holiness, which is most often expressed in the image of “land - breadwinner”, while for the heroes of Ukrainian folk dumas, the land is a symbol of freedom. The focus on the originality of the poetic means, which reveal the national characteristics of the heroes. Such a comparative research has been conducted for the first time to be further expanded in future in the folklore and literary studies.

CULTURAL BORDERLAND IN THE WORKS OF NAPOLEN ORDA

The article deals with the main biographical information of the famous artist and composer Napoleon Orda. In addition to this, we analyse the moSt famous art Studies, based on the primary source base of the artiSt’s creative heritage and inStitutions related to his activities. We are talking, firStly, about the books “Napoleon Orda and Ukraine”, which was published by the scientiSts of the Lviv National Library named after Vasyl Stefanyk, and “Lectures on the HiStory of Theatre and Drama” by Oleksii Gvozdev, which was translated into Ukrainian, equipped with an introductory article and a scientific, and bibliographic apparatus on Department of Theatre Studies and Acting, Faculty of Culture and Art, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv. The subject of consideration is also the book of theatre hiStorian, art critic and museum curator Vera Mints “Theatrical Collections of France”, which was written and published chronologically after O. Gvozdev, based on the same source material. O. Gvozdev’s book “Lectures on the HiStory of Foreign Theatre” is also read as an example of Russian censorship of cultural figures who took part in uprisings against the Russian Empire, and subsequently, were members of the resistance movement. The example of Napoleon Orda’s biography is one of the arguments that debunk the myth of the “great Russian culture”.