Vasyl Stefanyk Research Articles

Vasyl Stefanyk’s short story All Alone as interpreted in translations by Olha Kobylianska, Mary Skrypnyk and Danylo Struk in English and German

Vasyl Stefanyk’s short story All Alone as interpreted in translations by Olha Kobylianska, Mary Skrypnyk and Danylo Struk in English and German

ДО ІСТОРІОГРАФІЇ ПРЕСОЗНАВСТВА: ВНЕСОК НАУКОВО-ДОСЛІДНОГО ІНСТИТУТУ ПРЕСОЗНАВСТВА

The scientific output of the staff of the Research Institute for Press Studies of the Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv is considered as an important component of the historiography of press studies, the scientific publications of the institution are characterized and systematized, the main topics of the researched problems are determined, the importance of the scientific publications of the Institute in the field of studying the history of the Ukrainian press is emphasized. It is accentuated that the team of the Research Institute for Press Studies for the first time researched a layer of the Ukrainian press that had not been studied before due to historical circumstances, and the successful result of which were dissertations and monographic works, historical and bibliographic studies, various thematic indexes, collections of scientific works, materials of scientific conferences, etc. The necessity of further processing of the Institute’s publications for the analysis and systematization of the content of collective collections of works, highlighting the topics of articles on the history of the press and journalism is emphasized. Keywords: Research Institute for Press Studies, historiography, press history, press, press studies

Збірка клепсидр Бібліотеки Наукового товариства імені Шевченка у Львові

The paper considers the obituaries collection of the Shevchenko Scientific Society Library in Lviv, which belongs to the “Obituaries collection of the 19th–20th centuries” (archive № 351 of the Manuscript Department of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv). These obituaries (pos­ters, announcements) notify about death and present biographical data of famous Ukrainian figures of public, political and cultural life, scholars (prima­rily, the Society’s members), most of whom died during the interwar period (1918–1939). The paper traces the history of the collection’s formation, in particular based on the collective materials, which arrived to the Society’s Library from various Lviv institutions, foremost from Stauropigion Institute, and highlights its further fate up until it was received into the archives of the Manuscript Department of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv; the content and types of the documents are outlined. The collection represent various spheres of the Society’s work, the history of its archives formation. The history of the Library’s obituaries collection is complex and long- lasting – covers more than half a century, approximately from 1892, when the Shevchenko Scientific Society was reformed into scientific and its Library was established, until the Society’s disbandment in 1940. The collection’s creation is related to the work of previous archival and scientific institutions, printing houses of Lviv and Halychyna. This had resulted into the creation of the “Obi­tuaries collection of the 19th–20th centuries”. The Library’s obituaries collection forms its first chapter. Obviously, mostly they include the obituaries of the Society’s members, made by its printing house, which, in particular, indicates the organization of commemorative events by the Society. The obituaries, printed by other Lviv institutions and received by the Library, replenished the archive and significantly expanded its chronology and themes. These documents appeared in private archives and museums, various departments of a few libraries, whereafter they found themselves in the Manuscript Department of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv, where they are kept until now.

Хирівський єзуїтський колегіум та його бібліотека (на прикладі фонду відділу європейської книги ХІХ–ХХ ст. Львівської національної наукової бібліотеки України імені В. Стефаника)

The Chyrów educational institution of the Jesuit fathers, founded in 1886, was an institution of great importance for the education of elites at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In terms of scientific and general equipment, it was considered the best-equipped collegium in pre-war Galicia. Moreover, the equipment often exceeded the world standards of the time. Pupils of the Chyrów institution worked in various fields: government officials, politicians, diplomats, parliamentarians, soldiers, scientists, lawyers, artists, writers, clergy. Many famous Jesuits passed through him – theologians, magazine editors and persons who held high positions in the order. The article highlights the past pages of the Chyrów college, its development as an educational institution, which was a bright phenomenon in the history of education in Galicia in the 19th – mid-20th centuries. The formation of the Chyrów library at different stages of the institution’s existence is analyzed, the characteristic features of the Chyrów collection are indicated, and the printed editions discovered from the book collection of the Chyrów College of Jesuit Fathers, stored in the fund of the Department of European Books of the Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv. The study of the Chyrów collection includes the ge­neral characteristics of the institutional library, the analysis of the book array, the development of typology, and the clarification of the type and content. In the process of working on the article, we created a scientific and bibliographic description of Chyrów prints and introduced them into the modern scientific and informational space. Special attention was paid to the processing of book marks contained on the publications and indicating that the publications belong to the library of the Chyrów College, the artistic printed bookplate was described, and the owner’s inscriptions on the examined copies were deciphered. It is characteristic of the books from the Chyrów collection that they contain numerous notes in the margins, which testifies to the scrupulous study of educational and fiction literature by high school students. Thus, the editions of the Chyrów library were examined from the standpoint of historical- bibliographical and historical-biographical analysis, interesting examples of the book heritage of the educational institution of the Jesuit fathers were investigated, which is an important direction of studying and revealing the historical and cultural funds of libraries as a significant component of the national cultural heritage.

Видавнича серія «Бібліотека Лемківщини» Юліана Тарновича (1936–1939)

In 1934, in the publishing concern of I. Tyktor “Ukrainian Press”, the editorial board of the biweekly “Nash Lemko” was formed, the first editor of which was Yulian Tarnovych, who later founded the “Library of Lemkivshchyna” publishing seria, which published and distributed books on Lemki subjects, in which the overarching idea was the idea of historical and mental unity of the Lemki people with Ukrainians from other regions, and hence the popularization of the Lemko region and the centuries-old cultural heritage of its inhabitants as a component of Ukraine and the Ukrainian people. In the article, for the first time, all editions of the book seria “Library of Lemkivshchyna” of the magazine “Nash Lemko” 1936–1939 edited by Yu. Tarnovych were investigated, and the exact authorship of individual numbers stored in the departments of Ukrainian studies and rare books of the Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv and in the Scientific Library of LNU named after I. Franko, the factual content and thematic palette of the book editions of the seria were analyzed, their relevance at the time and today was proven, reviews and reviews of the book products of the seria were introduced into scientific circulation. Among the analyzed publications are books by eight authors, cultural figures of the Lemko region (Yu. Tarnovych under his own name and pseudonym Vsevolod Yaroslavych, R. Antonovych, I. Shevchyk-Lukavychenko, F. Kokovsky, V. Klish, O. Mysevych, I. Bugera, V. Hylak under a pseudonym Yeronim Anonim). The analysis of the factual content and subject matter of the book editions of the entire seria showed that, promoting the idea of Ukrainian national unity, they contributed to the formation of the Lemks’ understanding of the uni­queness of their traditional material and spiritual culture, national identity, revitalization of the social life of the region, were an important factor in the pat­riotic education of young people, introduced wide circles of the Ukrainian public of Galicia to the life and spiritual heritage of the westernmost branch of the Ukrainian people. Today, they are a valuable source not only for studying the publishing culture of the past, but also for the history of the development of Ukrainian ethnic identity in the Lemko lands.

Remote Services of Libraries of Ukraine of National Significance

The purpose of the article is to research and conduct a comparative analysis of the services with which libraries of Ukraine of national significance provide their users remotely. The research methodology consists in the application of the following methods: analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, generalisation, and benchmarking. The scientific novelty consists in the study of remote services with which libraries of Ukraine of national significance, as leading institutions, provide their users in the conditions of a pandemic and martial law. Conclusions. The following libraries of national significance were found, which provide a wide range of remote services online in the conditions of martial law and lockdown restrictions: National Library of Ukraine named after Yaroslav Mudryi, V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine, Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv, the State Scientific and Technical Library of Ukraine, and Odesa National Scientific Library. A comparative analysis of remote services of these libraries has been carried out, which allows to give preference to the State Scientific and Technical Library of Ukraine, since it offers its users the following services: remote registration to the library; ordering the necessary documents and receiving an electronic copy of the document or its excerpt to the user's e-mail; the "online request" service, with the help of which users can get operational information about information resources, services, the availability of documents in the library collection; systematic informing of users on the selected topic about new arrivals to the funds of the State Scientific and Technical Library of Ukraine; formation and editing of bibliographic lists; organisation and holding conferences, seminars, workshops, and thematic exhibitions. Key words: national libraries, libraries of national significance, website, service, online services, lockdown, martial law.

Svitlana Povshyk: Artist, Designer, Teacher

The main objective of the study is to analyze Svitlana Povshyk’s main artistic and professional achievements, reveal the specifics of her creative and pedagogical methods. The article outlines the artist’s individual creative style; the means of artistic expression, technical-technological, stylistic features, plot-thematic focus of her graphic works are analyzed. The designer's project activities include the stage costumes development, design and manufacture of clothing for employees of public catering and household services. Based on Svitlana Povshyk's long-term experience and results of pedagogical work at the Department of Design and Theory of Art of Vasyl Stefanyk PreCarpathian National University, the specifics of her pedagogical methods have been revealed, pedagogical methods that influence the formation of the competence of to-be fashion designers have been identified. Methodology. The following research methods are used in the article: biographical, descriptive, interview method, artistic analysis. Results/findings and conclusions. Svitlana Povshyk’s graphics demonstrates consummate mastery of composition, original textural solutions, the use of various artistic techniques, metaphoricalness, experimentation, emotionality of images. Svitlana Povshyk turns to the authentic Ukrainian theme, successfully interpreting it, giving it a modern sound, which can be traced both in graphic letters and in design projects. The specifics of Svitlana Povshyk’s pedagogical method is based on the principles of consistency and sequence of solving project tasks, conceptual methods, understanding of the traditions of national and world culture, it is characterized by innovation, thorough methodical studies in special disciplines, constant improvement of educational programs, partnership cooperation between teacher and student. Significance for the industry, science, country. S. Povshyk’s creative method was formed under the influence of the Lviv art school and it is characterized by a synthesis of artistic, project and pedagogical activities. When creating sketches of stage costumes on the basis of national principles, the designer gives special importance to the study of the features of the folk costume, she considers it as a phenomenon of the spiritual and material culture of the people. Thanks to the high professional level and the use of innovative teaching methods, Svitlana Povshyk contributes not only to the development and growth of the artistic quality of design education in Ivano-Frankivsk region, but also to the formation of the creative personality of the to-be fashion designer.

«Збірник праць Науково-дослідного інституту пресознавства» (1994–2021 рр.) як джерело вивчення історії преси

The paper examines «The Proceedings of the Research and Scientific Institute for Periodicals», published during 1993–2021. The author characterizes the main features of its content, the problems that researchers touch on in their articles devoted to historical, functional, thematic, and typological issues of Ukrainian press of the past centuries. This academic publication of the Research and Scientific Institute of Press Studies at the Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv is stated to be an important source for studying the history of the Ukrainian press. The study has confirmed that articles contained valuable historical information that was previously unknown. The prominent feature of «The Proceedings» is the novelty of its publications, since the majority of them were the first to reconstruct the historical and journalistic processes, indicating characteristics, typological configurations, and the journalistic circle. These publications filled the gaps in the knowledge of the general history of journalism and particularly its functioning in local communities, with an emphasis on professional issues. The main themes of publications were identified, as were theoretical and methodological problems of studying the history of the press, historiographical and source features of the press as an object, and typological features of the press. The author demonstrated a need for continuing the study of the history of the press and the role of the press in the social, political, and cultural life of Ukrainian society, as well as filling in the white spots of the historical-journalistic process of the past, which, despite the careful work of researchers, still remain.

THE USE OF ICT TO PROVIDE THE COMPONENTS OF THE METHODICAL SYSTEM OF TEACHING UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE FOR PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

The article studies the potential of information and communications technology in teaching Ukrainian Language for Professional Purposes to future experts in pedagogy. The matter of applying information and communications technology in the process of distance education became relevant in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and is gaining more and more importance during the martial law in Ukraine. In the research process, a set of theoretical, empirical, and graphical methods has been used: studying the scientific sources in order to establish the degree of resolution of the problem; abstraction, comparison, and generalization to substantiate the conceptual apparatus of the research; observation, self-observation, and experimental teaching to implement and verify the distance learning system of Ukrainian Language for Professional Purposes; the methods of structuring and modeling objects for visualization and generalization of the research results. Within the article, the ability of information and communications technology to provide every component of the methodical system of teaching Ukrainian Language for Professional Purposes is examined: methodological and target-oriented, content-based, procedural, and evaluative. For this purpose, the didactic and technical potential of the D-Learn distance education platform of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University has been analyzed, the structuring and step-by-step description of the experimental distance course have been conducted, and the services of information and communications technology have been organized according to the components of the methodical system of teaching Ukrainian Language for Professional Purposes and visualized. The increasing importance of students’ independent work during informational and research projects is emphasized, and sample tasks for their research work on the Internet are provided. The potential of online programs for monitoring, evaluating and recording learning results has been revealed, due to which the possibility of subjective inaccuracies is eliminated.

Лінгвальні вияви оповідних голосів у наративі (на матеріалі новели Василя Стефаника „Нитка”)

The article discusses the necessity of differentiating a number of categories of narrative discourse and the importance of taking into account and clarifying the essence of the category of “story-telling voice” in cases of studying the means of the narrator’s realisation of a particular fiction story. A story-telling voice is understood as a means of the lingual (semantic, syntactic, pragmatic, rhetoric-stylistic) realisation of persons of narrative instances that forms the discourse of the story being told. A novel by the Ukrainian classic writer Vasyl Stefanyk entitled A Thread (1927) is analysed in terms of the lingual means of realisation, interweaving and differentiating the narrative voices of the author and the unknown main heroine. It is emphasised that the linguistic approach to the analysis of the categories of a fictional work is very promising because it allows the researcher to single out types of narrative instances as speaking persons, explicate their points of view, focuses, empathy, and other constituents of the narrative.

Лінгвальні вияви оповідних голосів у наративі (на матеріалі новели Василя Стефаника „Нитка”)

The article provides a foundation for the necessity of differentiating a number of narrative discourse categories as well as for the importance of taking into account and clarifying the essence of the category of “storytelling voice” in cases of studying the means of the teller’s realisation of a particular fiction story. A storytelling voice is understood as a means of language (semantic, syntactic, pragmatic, rhetoric-stylistic) realisation of narrative instances from different persons, which forms the discourse of the story told. A story written by Ukrainian classic writer Vasyl Stefanyk, A Thread (1927), is used as material for analysing language means of realisation as well as for interweaving and differentiating the author’s and the unknown main heroine’s narrative voices. It is emphasised that a linguistic approach to the analysis of a fiction text is very revealing because it allows the researcher to single out the types of narrative instances as speaking persons, and then explicate their points of view, focus, empathy, and other constituents of a narrative.

Information Activity as an Integral Part of Forming the Image of a Modern Higher Education Institution

The purpose of the studyis to analyse information activities as an integral part of shaping the image of a modern university. Methods and methods of researchwere chosen institutional method in combination with the normative approach to the consideration of key categories, comparative and analytical methods, methodologically sound tools of structural functionalism. Factual and statistical methods were used in the analysis of monitoring the output of videos about the university on television. Results and discussion. The updated information and advertising video content produced by higher education institutions for self-presentation, objective and prompt information about their activities, attracting the attention of a wide interested audience is analysed. The analysed content can be structured in several problem-thematic areas, which represent the multifaceted work of the educational institution: scientific, educational, entertaining, event, educational. Conclusions. Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University organized information activities that promote its self-presentation, image campaign in the information space, and popularize the university among the public of the region. Recommendations are formed: 1) it is necessary to form such a unique image of the university, which contains bright, informative, timely updated information materials intended for external presentation; 3) the necessary system of targeted information to consumers about their potential, successes and educational services offered; 4) it is important to formulate the purpose of information material, choose a genre (note or message, report from the scene), focus on compositional construction, selection of musical accompaniment, place information product on various media platforms (social networks, online publications, regional and national TV , radio, newspapers, magazines). Key words: university, image, regional mass media, press service, website of higher education institution.

VASYL STEFANYK – LESIA UKRAINKA: AN UNFINISHED DIALOGUE

The study is devoted to the research of specifity of the literary communicationbetween Vasyl Stefanyk and Lesia Ukrainka in the form of an unfinished dialogue. The aim of the article is todisclose the peculiarities of relations between Vasyl Stefanyk and Lesia Ukrainka, foremost, the analysis is conducted in the bibliographical aspects of the research, namely the materials of O. Radavska “Lesia Ukrainka and Vasyl Stefanyk: literary relations, creative echoes”, of M. Moklytsia “Lesia Ukrainka’s aesthetics: the problem of an authorial notional dictionary”, of L. Vasylyk “Lesia Ukrainka and Vasyl Stefanyk: the semantics of the stony in the fictional world”, as well as major literary tendencies of their articles that lay in searches of creative echoes of the indicated authors, of the interpretation of creative work, of the research of stylistics and the system of image creation. However, the theme of relations between Vasyl Stefanyk and Lesia Ukrainka is still not exhausted and not explored to a full extent. The author performs the research on the basis of Lesia Ukrainka’s article “Writers-Rusyny in Bukovyna” (1899), giving it a detailed interpretation, of Lesia Ukrainka’s letters to Olha Kobylianskaand Mykhailo Kryvyniuk, and, respectively, of Vasyl Stefanyk’s letters to Wacław Moraczewski, Olha Kobylianska and others. That provides the practical significance and novely of the work. Consequently, the course of relations between Vasyl Stefanyk and Lesia Ukrainka is analysed in the chronological order, the writers’ attitude to the creative work of each other is elucidated, as well as mentions, recollections and fragments of the letters are commented.

COGNITIVE MARKERS OF SHORT FICTION BY VASYL STEFANYK: THE ARTISTIC NARRATIVE OF A «SIMPLE TEXT»

The aim. Through the context of formation of the principles of cognitive narratology, the article makes an attempt at a (new) (re)reading of separate works by Vasyl Stefanyk as a leading representative of the literary canon, of the literary classic, being the center of the latest paradigmatics of humanitarian sense creation. Such an angle of view on the writer’s novella heritage is completely actualized, as it is based on the tasks of cognitive narratology. 
 The research methods. The article employs a narratological, psychoanalytical and biographical methods of studying Vasyl Stefanyk’s creative work, the grounds of reader-response criticism, dominant markers of the writer’s novella poetics, particularly those directly connected with with storytelling forms of the account of the created fictional material by him. 
 The research results. The analysis of separate poetical devices, frequently used by Vasyl Stefanyk in his novellas, gave an opportunity to reveal in them the regularities of unfolding a cognitive chain where threading questions with a subseqent outline of the horizon of answers is in agreement with the author’s search for universal narratives in his novellas. It is proved that Vasyl Stefanyk’s fictional world can be understood, in addition to other approaches, in the prism of combined narrative and cognitive strategies of presentation and reception. 
 The scientific novelty lies in the fact that in the proposed research Vasyl Stefanyk’s literary-fictional heritage is examined through the prism of cognitive narratology in such a systematic and complex way, as a matter of fact, for the first time, that it has become one of rather effective ways of rereading the Ukrainian literary classic. Simultaneously, the article shapes new questions and attempts (also for the first time) at finding new, different, sometimes inconspicuous answers in the writer’s novella poetics that are extremely important and essential for cognizing the human psyche of Vasyl Stefanyk’s prose heroes, finally, for understanding intellectual-emotional vicissitudes that inevitably accompany the reading of his works. 
 The practical significance. The obtained research results may be used for delivering courses of Ukrainian literature at educational establishments, for studying the creative works by Vasyl Stefanyk, whose fictional world is shown in the prism of amalgamation of narrative and cognitive strategies of presentation and reception, for researching modern ways of prosewriting in Ukrainian classic literature.

THE DRAMATIC DOMINANT OF VASYL STEFANYK’S NOVELLAS

The aim of the research is to analyze the genre features of Vasyl Stefanyk’s short stories, and first of all the dramatic component of their artistic structure. The main focus is on the short stories that formed the basis of the staging of the Zagrava Theater. Director Volodymyr Blavatsky chose the productions of the short story, the dynamic structure of the genre, which are revealed by modern researchers as dramas in the novel – «She is the Earth», «Sons», «Maria», «Thief», «Pious», «Morituri», and «My Word» (as a prologue). These works paid attention to the director, especially thematically expanded the scope of contemporary drama. The main article was the method of genealogical studies, combined with the methods of poetic analysis of the dominants of the internal organization of short stories by Vasyl Stefanyk. As a result of the research it was proved that it was the sharp conflict, dialogic speech, tension of the plot, temporal condensation, related issues, minimized descriptions that allowed the director to combine these works in one theatrical production. In addition, literary-critical reviews and works of Mykola Yevshan, Mykola Zerov, Mykhailo Rudnytsky, Ivan Franko, Lesia Ukrainka, etc. were used to characterize the ideological and artistic features of Vasyl Stefanyk’s short stories, which indicated the expressiveness of writing and minimal authorial presence in Vasyl Stefanyk’s short stories. The writer’s memoirs, archival materials, and diaspora research were also used, including Hryhor Luzhnytsky’s article «Son of the Earth», which outlined the specifics of the development of contemporary Ukrainian theater and the urgent need to enrich the repertoire with stagings by Ukrainian authors, including Vasyl Stefanyk. The main focus of the article is on the analysis of the short story «She is the Earth», which is central in the production of the same name. It is illustrated that the earth in the works and stagings of Vasyl Stefanyk appears in various guises – Motherland, home, people, family, symbolizes the inseparability of generations. The novelty of the article is the analysis of the longevity of the Ukrainian theatrical tradition, which was intuitively felt by the novelist Vasyl Stefanyk, transforming into an artistic structure of prose text, which led to the emergence of the original genealogical form of drama in the novel. This artistic tradition has found its refraction in the modern production of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Academic Drama Theater Ivan Franko’s drama-oratorio «She is the Earth».

THE OUTSTANDING OPERA SINGERS SOLOMIYA KRUSHELNYTSKA AND MYKHAILO GOLYNSKY IN THE VASYL STEFANYK`S LIFE

One of the peculiarities in the studying of the Vasyl Stefanik’s creative life is his relationships with the prominent Ukrainian singers Solomiya Krushelnytska (1872–1952) and Mykhailo Golynsky (1890–1973). Having strong national and cultural identity and talent they filled the artist’s spiritual life with new colors, impressions, and feelings. Being all-arounder personalities the singers paid tribute to the writer’s talent, supported him in his difficult period of life. One of Solomiya Krushelnytska, as one of the most famous women of ancient and modern Ukraine, made a strong impression on the young Vasyl Stefanyk. He was fascinated by her talent, beauty, temperament, and praised Solomiya' s voice and intellect. The writer carried this reverence for the singer throughout his life. Vasyl Stefanyk’s relationship with Mykhailo Golynsky was of a different nature. A native of Horodenka region, which borders the Sniatyn region, the peasant’s son Mykhailo, like Vasyl Stefanyk, was a great patriot of Ukraine, a romantic who dreamed of singing for his people. He was applauded by Lviv and Warsaw, Torun and Berlin, Kharkiv and Kyiv, New York, Ottawa and Winnipeg. He was compared to the great Caruso. As a relative of Marko Cheremshyna (Ivan Semanyuk), Mykhailo often visited him in Sniatyn. Vasyl Stefanyk also came here from Rusov. While in Soviet Ukraine in 1926–1930 (Odesa, Kyiv, Kharkiv), the singer became a link between Ukrainian writers and V. Stefanyk, who conveyed greetings to the Galician novelist and wished to meet him. Gaining prestige after his triumphant speeches in Kharkiv (then the capital of Ukraine), M. Golynsky, fulfilling the request of Professor Kyrylo Studynsky, appealed to the Minister of Education M. Skrypnyk with a request for financial assistance for Vasyl Stefanyk. In 1928, the Soviet government granted him a personal pensionfor propaganda purposes, and in 1931 he celebrated his 60th birthday in Kharkiv. M. Golynsky took part in the writer' s jubilee on June 17, 1927 in the People' s House in Lviv. The article’s key sources are the epistolary and memoir heritage of these extraordinary individuals.

POETICS OF NARRATIVE STRUCTURES IN THE TEXTS OF VASYL STEFANYK

The article is devoted to the topic of poetics in Vasyl Stefanyk's short stories.
 The purpose of the article is to analyze the poetics of narrative structures of Vasyl Stefanyk's works on the example of motive-thematic complex of death, to consider also features of descriptive structures of the writer, in particular combination and interaction of descriptive and narrative manners.
 This goal was possible to be achieved by using the research methods, namely: analysis and synthesis, comparison, specification, and generalization.
 The authors explore the issues of poetics of narrative structures on the basis of the texts of short stories "Maple Leaves", "Funeral", "Lan", "May" and others.
 Comparisons of descriptive and narrative elements in Vasyl Stefanyk's short stories are made mainly on the basis of a thorough study of the problems of Gerard Genet's poetics "Figures".
 The authors focused on the analysis of narrative structures, the peculiarities of the combination and interaction of descriptive and narrative manners of the writer, the functions of the strategy of visualization and descriptiveness in the narrative texts of Vasyl Stefanyk.
 This is the practical value and novelty of the presented study.
 The authors found that the principle of visualization allows adding a moment of descriptiveness to the narrative text. Considering the distinction and interaction of visualization and descriptiveness in the texts of Vasyl Stefanyk, the authors trace the moments of transition (or intersection/overlap) of passages in a descriptive and narrative manner of narrative. 
 In addition, the authors of the article analyzed the relationship of time and space dimensions in texts to narrative and descriptive structures.
 Analysis of Vasyl Stefanyk's short stories through the prism of the interaction of ekphrasis and diegesis opens up completely new perspectives on the interpretation of the text. The high frequency of descriptive structures in Vasyl Stefanyk's texts may be one of the signs of genre heterogeneity in the writer's works.

VASYL STEFANYK’S KRAKOW

The article revolves around the «dialogue» between Vasyl Stefanyk and cultural, spiritual and literary and artistic Krakow. The purpose of the study is to figure out the role and significance of this European city in the life and work of the Ukrainian classical writer, their mutual influence and relationships. The main research methods rely on biographical and cultural-historical approaches in the analysis of the life facts and short stories of the writer. The results of the study: the author of the article views the city of Krakow as a text and an aesthetic school, which affected the work of a Ukrainian writer, the article traces a pattern of close relationships between Vasyl Stefanyk, Stanislav Przybyshevsky, Vladyslav Orkan, Vaclav Morachevsky, as well as other Ukrainian representatives of the literary and artistic center of then Krakow – Bohdan Lepkyi, Ivan Trush. Rich factual material concerning literary works of Vasyl Stefanyk convincingly proves that many of them were created in the Krakow atmosphere and environment. The scientific novelty of the article is based on the perception of Krakow as a center not only of Polish, but also of European cultures and its relationship with the life and work of the Ukrainian writer Vasyl Stefanyk. The practical significance of the article is that its material can be used in the study of the Vasyl Stefanyk literary legacy, as well as in the study of the Ukrainian-Polish literary and artistic ties.

THE CONTEXTS OF VASYL STEFANYK`S LETTER ABOUT THE STRUGGLE FOR THE UKRAINIAN UNIVERSITY

The aim. To do a research through Vasyl Stefanyk’s epistles into his views on important social-historical and national-political phenomena and processes developing in Halychyna, namely in Lviv, at the beginning of the XXth century. It deals, first and foremost, with the need of starting a Ukrainian university in Halychyna as well as the participation of the metropolitan bishop of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church Andrii Sheptytskyi in this important campaign.
 The research methods. With the aim of elucidating the declared social-political problem the following methods are employed: cultural-historical and biographical. 
 The results. The article analyses the contexts of Vasyl Stefanyk’s letter, written in December 1901, to Father Kyrylo Hamorak. It is underlined that it is this letter that is an extremely interesting testimony of that epoch, that demonstrates the interest of both Stefanyk and his future father-in-law in political events concerning the struggle of the intelligentsia from Halychyna in order to create a Ukrainian university in Halychyna. The letter persuasively demonstrates the Ukrainian community’s special attention to the figure of Andrii Sheptytskyi, the metropolitan bishop of Halychyna. It is revealedthat the fight to create a Ukrainian university lasted throughout several decades but was not settled neither in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy nor in the Second Partition of Rzeczpospolita. The matter of the Ukrainian university was that first political event, in which, as wrote Vasyl Stefanyk in his letter, Bishop Sheptytskyi demonstrated that he “adheres to Rusyny in a loyal way”. 
 The scientific novelty: for the first time the attention is accentuated on Vasyl Stefanyk’s separate epistle, giving an insight into the multifaceted activities(foremost, social-political ones) of the writer and activist from Pokuttia, into his understanding of the need of establishing a Ukrainian university in Lviv and the participation of the metropolitan bishop Andrii Sheptytskyi in that.

LITERARY LESSON OF VASYL STEFANYK IN YURII STANYNETS` CREATIVE WORKS STANYNTS

The aim. The suggested literary critic research traces the influence of Vasyl Stefanyk’s creative experience upon shaping worldview, aesthetical grounds of Yurii Stanynets (1906-1994), a prose writer from Zakarpattia. On the rich literary-fictional material, the task is set to analyse the writer’s works that came out in different periods of his creative life and to reveal the “lessons of the master of psychological prose” in the planes of Yurii Stanynets’s genres and styles, as well as problems and themes. The research methods are outlined through using comparative-typological, cultural-historical and biographical methods, as a result of which the extent of Vasyl Stefanyk’s impact on Yurii Stanynets’s prose works in the periods of 20s ‒ 40s and 50s ‒ 80s of the XXth century is elucidated. The research results witness that shaping the prose mastery of the word artist from Zakarpattia was under the direct influence of the best literary models of the Ukrainian national prose writing. The writer himselfhighlights the role and significance of Vasyl Stefanyk’s novellas in that, witnessed by his “Autobiography”. Hence, the article singles out those aspects of Yurii Stanynets’s fictional practice that are brightly marked with the imprint of the creative work of the Ukrainian literature classic. In particular, the correlation of worldview and aesthetical grounds of the word artist from Zakarpattia from Vasyl Stefanyk’s worldview-aesthetical guidesis elucidated,. Simultaneously, typologically comparable parallels define the impact of the latter on Yurii Stanynets’s long and short prose, the peculiarities of his fictional thinking, that is revealed in in his external and internal structures of stories, novellas and narratives, in the peculiarity of the style manner of the prose writer from Zakarpattia. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in contemporary Ukrainian literaryscience the comparative-typological study of creative works by Vasyl Stefanyk and Yurii Stanynetsis conducted in the field ofaspectual levels of their fictional heritage, Vasyl Stefanyk’s notable influence upon the creative work of the prose writer from Zakarpattia is proved.