Various Types Of Anemia Research Articles

The association between anemia and sensorineural hearing loss: A review.

Anemia affects a third of the world's population and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality, decreased work productivity, and impaired neurological development. In recent years, many studies have found a possible association between anemia and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), especially in various types of nutritional deficiency and hemoglobin disorders anemia. Anemia may affect hearing through various mechanisms, including affecting microcirculation in the ear, causing tissue hypoxia in the ear, and through inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the association between various types of anemia and SNHL, including possible biological mechanisms, clinical features, and treatment strategies, and clarify the importance of anemia treatment and management in preventing SNHL.

Anaemia Profile and Inflammation Markers in Stunted Children Under Two Years in Indonesia

Background: Stunting is a common issue affecting children who suffer from chronic malnutrition in Indonesia. The Indonesian government has introduced supplementary food programs for stunted children, but the results have been less satisfactory. This may be due to the presence of anaemia and comorbid diseases. Haematology tests and inflammation markers are necessary to identify these conditions. This study aimed to examine the anaemia profiles and inflammation markers in stunted children under two years old. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design with cluster samples and consecutive analysis was used. The study was conducted between December 2023 and March 2024 at the West Nusa Tenggara Hospital and Palabuhanratu Sukabumi Hospital laboratories. Samples were obtained from various Public Health Centres in Sukabumi, West Java, North Maluku, and West Nusa Tenggara. Data collection comprised interviews, measurements, and the assessment of haematology, biochemical, and inflammatory markers. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20, which includes descriptive analysis, correlation, comparison, and chi-square tests. Results: Two hundred and ten stunted children were identified with various anaemias and comorbidities. These anaemias included suspected thalassemia (38.1%), iron deficiency (18.1%), and anaemia of chronic diseases (13.3%). Based on the inflammatory markers obtained, TB was suspected (21.4%), inflammatory bowel disease (18.1%) was suspected, and allergic proctocolitis was suspected (31.9%). Conclusions: Analysis of the anaemia profiles and inflammatory markers revealed various types of anaemia and suspected comorbidities in stunted children. It is recommended that anaemia profiles and inflammation markers be assessed at the primary healthcare level.

Sheng Xue Ning as a Novel Agent that Promotes SCF-Driven Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Proliferation to Promote Erythropoiesis.

Stimulating erythropoiesis is essential in the treatment of various types of anemia. Sheng Xue Ning (SXN) is commonly used in China as an iron supplement to treat iron deficiency anemia, renal anemia, and anemia in pregnancy. This research reports a novel effect of SXN in enhancing the proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) to promote erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, which is distinct from conventional iron supplements that primarily aid in the maturation of red blood cells. Employing a model of hematopoietic dysfunction induced by X-ray exposure, we evaluated the efficacy of SXN in restoring hematopoietic function. SXN significantly promoted the recovery of peripheral erythroid cells and enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of Lin-/c-KIT+/Sca-1+ HSPC in mice exposed to X-ray irradiation. Our results showed that SXN elevated the expression of stem cell factor (SCF) and activated the SCF/c-KIT/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, facilitating the proliferation and differentiation of HSPC. In vitro, SXN markedly enhanced the proliferation of bone marrow nucleated cell (BMNC) and the colony-forming capacity of BFU-E, CFU-E, and CFU-GM, while also elevating the expression of proteins involved in the SCF/c-KIT/PI3K/AKT pathway in BMNC. Additionally, SXN enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and increased SCF secretion. In conclusion, SXN demonstrates the capacity to enhance erythropoiesis by upregulating SCF expression, thereby promoting HSPC proliferation and differentiation via the SCF/c-KIT/PI3K/AKT pathway. SXN may offer a new strategy for improving the activity of HSPC and promoting erythropoiesis in the treatment of hematopoiesis disorders.

Current Utilization and Research Status of Herbal Medicine Sipjeondaebotang for Anemia: A Scoping Review.

Anemia is a global health issue affecting diverse populations, particularly older adults, and conventional treatments often show limited efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the utilization and effectiveness of Sipjeondaebotang (SDT), a prescription drug used in traditional East Asian medicine, in treating various types of anemia. A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Six electronic databases were searched for clinical studies on SDT, while focusing on human participants and excluding animal and cellular studies. Sixteen studies, including nine randomized controlled trials, two controlled clinical trials, two case series, and three case reports, involving 863 participants, were analyzed. These studies were primarily conducted in China, Korea, and Japan. According to the analysis, SDT improved hemoglobin levels across all types of anemia studied, with all controlled studies showing significant improvements compared with the control groups. Additionally, SDT reduced blood loss, improved recovery times, and decreased transfusion requirements in patients with post-operative anemia, with lower adverse event rates than those in the control groups. These findings suggest that SDT may enhance hematological parameters and improve overall patient outcomes. In conclusion, SDT may be an effective treatment for anemia that improves hemoglobin levels and patient outcomes. However, further high-quality, large-scale studies are necessary to standardize SDT prescriptions, confirm the optimal treatment duration, and validate its efficacy and safety across different anemia types.

RBC histogram: Useful diagnostic tool in evaluating anaemia

: Anaemia is a widespread public health problem, more common in developing countries. Red blood cell histogram is a vital part for evaluation and diagnosis of anaemia. Histogram can be a useful modality for arriving at the probable diagnosis of anaemia reporting in short span of time.: To observe various RBC Histogram on haematology Analyser in anaemia and analyse the usefulness of RBC Histogram to correlate with peripheral smear.: A prospective study was done in Department of Pathology of Secondary Care hospital from January 2024 to March 2024 on 300 anaemia patients. RBC Histogram were observed, analysed and correlated with peripheral smear. Out of total 300 patients, Most common anaemia is Microcytic Hypochromic (60%), Normocytic normochromic (21.33%), Dimorphic anaemia (12.33%) and macrocytic anaemia (6%). 95.5% microcytic hypochromic anaemia showed left shifted curve, 84.3% Normocytic normochromic anaemia showed normal curve, 88% macrocytic anaemia showed right shift curve. Considering the speed, reliability and less inter observer variation of the modern haematological analysers RBC histogram are important diagnostic tool for various types of anaemia and provide accurate morphological typing of anaemia in most cases hence presumptive report can be released based on RBC histogram.

Growth Differentiation Factor-15 and Erythroferrone are Reliable Predictors of Iron Status among Iraqi Pregnant Women with Anemia: A Case-Control Study

Background: It is estimated that more than half of pregnant women all over the world are anemic. The potential of erythroferrone (ERFE) and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) as indicators for iron deficiency could be used to detect various types of anemia, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Objectives: To assess whether variations in erythroferrone and Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in blood levels among pregnant women might be used as a marker for anemia. Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited 120 pregnant women into a study group: 60 anemic pregnant women and 60 healthy pregnant controls. Their demographics, hematological indices, and biomarkers (growth differentiation factor-15, erythroferrone, serum ferritin and iron) were collected. Results: It has been found that anemic pregnant women have statistically higher levels of Growth Differentiation-15, Erythroferrone, and other iron status compared to healthy pregnant women. The average concentration of ERFE in anemic pregnant women was 5.6 ng/mL, while in healthy pregnant women, it was 2.2 ng/mL. For GDF-15, the average concentration was 457.27 pg/mL for anemic patients and 228.89 pg/mL for healthy pregnant women. The cutoff value of both GDF-15 and ERFE had the highest sensitivity and specificity in differentiating anemic pregnant women, 1.000 (p<0.0001) for the area under the curve in the case of healthy controls. Conclusions: The markers erythroferrone and GDF-15 have a significant correlation with iron indicators and are recommended for screening anemic pregnant women.

Prevalence of various types of anemia and thalassemia in pregnant women: experience from Northern India

Prevalence of various types of anemia and thalassemia in pregnant women: experience from Northern India

Novel reticulocyte parameters in thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia

Reticulocytes are immature, non-nucleated RBCs that still contain RNA. It provides useful information about the capacity of the bone marrow to synthesize and release red cells in response to anemia and helps to distinguish between decreased RBC production and enhanced peripheral destruction. A prospective study was done between thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia cases. The duration of the study was 1 year where 139 cases were included. In our study, a total of 139 patients are included out of which 94 cases were of Thalassemia and 45 cases of Iron deficiency anemia. Measurement of complete blood count (CBC) with reticulocyte fractions was done in the SYSMEX XN-550 system and for serum ferritin, Architect iSystem was used. This study demonstrates the cut-off value of IRF for detecting Thalassemia trait as 15.85-21.50%, IDA was >21.50% and for Thalassemia major it was < 15.85%. The LFR% optimum cut-off for detecting Thalassemia trait was estimated to be 83.1-84.2%, IDA <83.1%and for Thalassemia major it was > 84.2%. The MFR% optimum cut-off for detecting Thalassemia trait was estimated to be <12.9%, IDA was >13.25% and for Thalassemia major it was 12.9-13.25%. The HFR% optimum cut-off for detecting Thalassemia trait was estimated to be 2.4-5.3%, IDA was >5.3%and for Thalassemia major it was < 2.4%. The use of new hematological parameters and doing further comparative-based studies will help in differentiating various types of anemia and give knowledge of physiopathology of the underlying disease.

Cirrhosis-induced oxidative stress in erythrocytes: The therapeutic potential of taurine.

Cholestasis/cirrhosis could induce erythrocyte lysis. The incidence of various types of anemia in cirrhosis is approx. 75%. Several studies have mentioned the pivotal role of oxidative stress in this complication. Taurine (TAU) is the human body's most abundant free amino acid. TAU is known as a robust cell membrane stabilizer. Many studies have mentioned that TAU could counteract oxidative stress in various experimental models. The current study was intended to evaluate the effect of TAU on erythrocytes in cirrhotic rats. Bile duct ligation (BDL) surgery was carried out on rats. Then, complete blood count (CBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (HTC), and erythrocytes' G6PD, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. Moreover, biomarkers of oxidative stress were assessed, and the erythrocytes' morphological changes were monitored in the cirrhotic mice exposed to TAU (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% w : v in drinking water). Significant changes in the assessed erythrocyte parameters (G6PD activity, Hgb, HTC, and erythrocyte count) and red blood cells (RBC) morphological alterations were detected on day 42 after BDL surgery. Biomarkers of oxidative stress also did not change at the time points, except on post-BDL days 28 and 42. A significant decrease in blood parameters was evident at post-BDL day 42. All doses of TAU (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% w : v in drinking water) significantly improved erythrocyte parameters and encountered oxidative stress in the erythrocytes of cirrhotic animals. These data indicate that TAU could be a safe agent to mitigate cirrhosis-induced erythrocyte damage and anemia. Further investigations are necessary to prove this in clinical settings.

Efficacy and Safety of Luspatercept in the Treatment of β-Thalassemia: A Systematic Review.

β-thalassemia is characterized by the faulty generation of hemoglobinresulting in an elevated α/β globin ratio; this led to several patients needing red blood cell (RBC) transfusionsfor the rest of their lives. Luspatercept is an erythroid maturation test for treating various types of anemia, including β-thalassemia. It inhibits the Smad2/3 cascade and treats β-thalassemia by downregulating the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway. Luspatercept was evaluated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, there is still limited data. Therefore, the study aims to review the current literature to assess the efficacy of luspatercept in cure β-thalassemia and its safety. From 2015 to 2022, searches were undertaken in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. Only RCTs published in English were eligible for inclusion. The Cochrane Collaboration tool for bias assessment was used to analyze the quality of the publications. Our search strategy revealed 94 publications, of which 12 full-text papers were read and five were chosen for this review.All five trials included 1161 participants. Of whom, 153 (13.18%) entered phase 2, and 1008 (86.82%) entered phase 3. Two articles included 153 participants, of whom 70 (45.75%) were transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia (TD) and 83 (54.25%) were non-transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia (NTD) of phase 2. Three articles included 1008 participants, of whom 672 (66.67%) were given luspatercept and 336 (33.33%) were given a placebo. All participants in RCTs were 18 years of age or older. In phase 2, 0.2 to 1.25 mg/kg of luspatercept was given, and in phase 3, 1.0 to 1.25 mg/kg of luspatercept was given once every three weeks. In beta-thalassemia patients, luspatercept was more effective than a placebo and well tolerated. The high dose has shown promising results in the erythroid response, measured by a drop in blood transfusions or an average rise in hemoglobin levels. Luspatercept might make patients less likely to need RBC transfusions, improve their clinical results, and improve their quality of life. Adverse events were hyperuricemia, arthralgia, dizziness, influenza hypertension, and bone pain, but they were manageable.

Reticulocyte Haemoglobin Content (CHr) is a Reliable Marker of Iron Deficiency in Pre-dialytic Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a non-communicable epidemic disease. The CKD patients suffer from various types of anemia including iron deficiency anemia. Measurement of reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) has been proposed as a measure of available iron stores. In this study CHr and serum iron profile were compared with stainable iron in the bone marrow to evaluate the CHr as a marker of iron deficiency in pre-dialytic CKD patients. This cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2018 to December 2018. A total of seventy (70) pre-dialytic CKD patients were selected. All participants had undergone bone marrow study for detection of iron deficiency anemia and it was observed that, 60% CKD patients had iron deficiency by bone marrow iron stain. Serum iron profile [serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), serum ferritin, transferin saturation (TSAT)] and reticulocyte haemoglobin content (CHr) of each patient were determined accordingly. Data analysis reveals that CHr was significantly low in iron deficient group (p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of CHr at a cut-off 28 pg/cell was 81% and 75.0% respectively (p<0.001); sensitivity and specificity of serum ferritin at a cut-off 100 ng/ml was 40.6% and 67.9% respectively (p=0.051); while sensitivity and specificity of TSAT at a cut-off 20% was 54.2% and 57.1% respectively (p=0.465). The study proves that reticulocyte haemoglobin content (CHr) is a reliable marker to assess iron status for pre-dialytic CKD patients.

Evaluating the effects of anticoagulant rodenticide bromadiolone in Wistar rats co-exposed to vitamin K: impact on blood-liver axis and brain oxidative status.

The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of vitamin K relate to protection against detrimental effects of bromadiolone. Wistar rats (n = 30) were divided in three groups (n = 10): control group and two groups treated with bromadiolone (0.12mg/kg) and bromadiolone + vitamin K (0.12mg/kg + 100mg/kg) over the period of four days. The main findings in the bromadiolone-exposed rats, such as damaged hepatocytes, high levels of globulin, total proteins and lymphocytes, and altered albumin/globulin ratio, collectively indicate an acute inflammatory process. Morphological changes in erythrocytes include microcytosis, hypochromia, hyperchromia, hemolysis, stomatocytosis, and spherocytosis. Significantly low values of RBC, Hct, and hemoglobin concentrations indicate impairments of the hematopoietic pathway causing combined anemia. The selected dose of bromadiolone caused a non-significant increase of catalase activity and a significant increase of the total protein content in brain tissue homogenates. Vitamin K supplementation reduced many of the harmful effects of bromadiolone. The cytoprotective role of vitamin K was proved to be of great importance for the preservation of structural changes on the membranes of hepatocytes and erythrocytes, in addition to the known role in the treatment of coagulopathies. The results of the study suggest valuable properties of vitamin K in the prevention and treatment of various types of anemia caused by bromadiolone toxicity. Future research is necessary to determine the adequate dose and treatment duration with vitamin K in disorders caused by the cumulative action of bromadiolone and possibly other pesticides.

The Loss of Liver Kinase B1 Accelerates Maturation Time in the Developing Erythrocyte

In the US, iron-restricted anemia contributes greatly to morbidity. The erythroid iron deprivation response, characterized by a pathway in which erythropoiesis is suppressed during iron restriction, underlies this anemia. In preliminary studies, liver kinase B1 (LKB1) was implicated as a potential key component in the erythroid iron deprivation response. Normal human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells cultured for 3 days in erythroid medium with 100% or 10% transferrin saturations underwent immunoblot of whole cell lysates. Reproducibly, the levels of LKB1 did not change based on the transferrin saturation; however, immunofluorescence imaging showed a shift in subcellular localization when cells were subjected to low iron conditions.To assess the effects of LKB1 loss in the erythroid compartment, we used control and LKB1 conditional knockout (STK11 F/F; EpoR-Cre+) mice. In steady-state conditions, the loss of LKB1 does not confer a change in RBC count, though, there is a baseline increase in the number of reticulocytes, and a large increase in the level of serum Erythropoietin (Epo). In a model to precipitate anemia, these mice were challenged with intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine (PHZ). It was found that LKB1 is dispensable for an appropriate response to this type of stress erythropoiesis.To assess the impact of LKB1 on maturation, we performed flow cytometric analysis using an ex vivo culture system of splenic erythroblasts. LKB1-deficient erythroid progenitors show increased percentages of more advanced cells as evidenced by the surface markers CD71 and Ter119 (the mouse analogue of human glycophorin A). Current studies are underway to assess if this change is due to signaling through the AMPK pathway. These studies will provide mechanistic detail of LKB1 function and activity on erythropoiesis, improving our understanding of programs involved in maturation of differentiation and lineage selection which may ultimately help to improve health outcomes and advance treatment for various types of anemias. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) As Prognostic Factor in Acute Leukemia Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Transplantation

Background:Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an erythrocyte index influenced by anisocytosis and useful in approaching patient with various types of anemia or suspected myelodysplasia. RDW can predict mortality in sepsis, chronic kidney diseases and cardiovascular disease, RDW has a prognostic value also in patients with breast cancer, lung cancer, glioblastoma, myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. No data, however, are available on the prognostic value of RDW in patients affected by acute leukemia. We studied prognostic value of RDW-SD assessed at pre-transplant evaluation, in acute leukemia patients who underwent allogeneic transplantation.Methods:We retrospectively studied the prognostic value of RDW-SD in a group of 94 adult acute leukemia patients affected by AML (70) ALL (19) or advanced MDS (5). RDW-SD was measured after patients had received induction and consolidation chemotherapy to achieve maximal anti-leukemic response. A MINDRAY BC6800 automatic cell counter was used. Patients, subsequently, underwent allogeneic transplantation from a sibling or from an alternative donors (MUD or Haplo-identical donors). Median age was 46 years (18-70). Ninths-five percent of patients received a fully myeloablative conditioning. Cytogenetic classification of leukemic cells was available in 95% of AML/MDS patients (72/75). Fifty-four percent of all patients were in an early phase of disease (1st complete remission) while 46% in the advanced phase (2nd CR or active disease). RDW-SD upper normal limit was 55 fL and patients were grouped according to this threshold. Data were analyzed by R software.Results:At baseline, before the transplant, an RDW-SD higher than normal (=/> 56 fL) was observed in 44% of all acute leukemia patients. RDW-SD correlates with MCV (r=0.611, p=0.0001) but not with other hematological parameters present at the time of RDW assessment. A high co-morbidity score (HTC-CI score 2-5) at the pre-transplant screening was a factor significantly associated to high RDW-SD, in fact, 27% of patients having an “RDW-SD over normal” had a comorbidity score of 2-5, while in the group of patients having an “RDW-SD within normal” a comorbidity score 2-5 was observed only in 9% (Chi-square-test p:0.02). The group of patients having an “RDW-SD over normal” had in respect to group “RDW-SD within normal” a higher serum LHD (p: 0.02). An unfavourable cytogenetics was observed in 26% of patients in the group “RDW-SD over normal” versus 8% in the group “RDW within normal” (p=0.10). The two groups of patients were not significantly different in age, gender, diagnosis, phase of the disease, level of WT-1 before transplant, previous transplantation, C-reactive protein, ferritin, creatinine and arterial diastolic pressure. In the whole set of patients, the Overall Survival at 3 y was 45% with a median follow up, for uncensored patients, of 99 weeks. OS at 3 years in the group “RDW within normal” was 61% versus 25% in the group “RDW-SD over normal” (log-rank, p=0-01). Differences in OS between these two groups was present also when patients were stratified according to cytogenetics or phase of disease (Fig 1). In univariate analysis other factors important for OS were phase of disease (p=0.004), graft from an alternative donor (p=0.03) and age (p=0.005). The comorbidity score was not an important factor for OS. In multivariate analysis, using Cox proportional hazard, factors important for OS remained age (HR: 1.040; CI: 1010-1070; P=0.008) and a pre-transplant “RDW-SD over normal ” (HR, 3.274; CI: 1.694-6.328; p=0.0004). The group of patients having an “RDW over normal” had a Relapse Rate (RR) higher than the group having “RDW-SD within normal” (RR: 60% versus 30%, Gray test p= 0.05). Treatment related mortality (TRM) was 14% in the group “RDW within normal” versus 22% in the group “RDW over normal” (Gray test not significant).Conclusions:Abnormal RDW-SD is frequently found in acute leukemia patients treated by chemotherapy and in complete or partial response before allogeneic transplantation, “RDW-SD over normal” at time of pre-transplant screening is an independent negative prognostic factor for outcome after transplantation. The poor OS of the group of patients showing “RDW-SD over normal” is, at least in part, due to a higher relapse rate. The association of “RDW-SD over normal” and adverse cytogenetics deserves further studies. [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

STUDY OF THE SAFETY OF ANTIANEMIC PREPARATIONS BY METHOD OF THE SYSTEM OF PROBLEMS RELATED TO MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS

Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide. Prevention and treatment of iron deficiency conditions are some of the most important health problems in many countries of the world. At the same time, the main problems for it remain the timely diagnosis, elimination of the cause, as well as the choice of replacement therapy with iron-containing drugs and correction of adverse reactions (ADR) that occur during their use.The aim. This research aims to study the peculiarities of the development of antianaemic drugs ADRs in patients living in the territory of the Republic of Crimea.Materials and methods. The objects of research were cases of ADR occurrence associated with the use of a group of antianaemic drugs and revealed during the 2009-2018 period in the territory of the Republic of Crimea. The main tasks in the analysis of notification forms were the study of the ADR severity, the causality assessment for suspected drugs and ADRs, as well as analysis of particular problems associated with the use of antianaemic drugs (Drug-related problems, DRP).Results. Iron supplements in combination with other drugs became the leaders in the incidence of ADR among antianaemic drugs (28 cases, 42.4% of all cases of ADR). The largest number of cases was registered in patients aged from 18 to 30 years, with female patients prevailing. Among the clinical manifestations of ADR, the most cases were drug hypersensitivity reactions of varying severity (40 cases) and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (18 cases). The study of the problems associated with the use of antianaemic drugs made it possible to determine that the highest rates of DRP values were observed with the use of iron preparations for parenteral use and cyanocobalamine. The minimal DRP values were observed when prescribing iron protein succinylate preparations.Conclusion. The basis of pharmacotherapy for various types of anemias is the replenishment of iron and vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) depots. The effectiveness of the treatment in these cases largely depends on the patient's adherence to treatment, which is, in turn, depends on the frequency and severity of ADRs that occur during the use of antianaemic drugs.

Evaluation of complete blood count in bitches with ovarian tumors: A preliminary study

Ovarian tumors are rarely seen in bitches and they usually occur in older ages. The most common type of ovarian tumor is epithelial tumors. Hematological parameters are frequently affected by the presence of neoplasms. There are various types of anemia associated with neoplasms. In the present study; we investigated the relationship between complete blood count (CBC) and the presence of ovarian tumors in bitches. Seven bitches with ovarian tumors and 6 bitches with histologically healthy ovaries were selected for this study. Increased level of platelet (PLT) was determined in bitches with ovarian tumors and considered as a significant finding to estimate the cancer progression. Besides, red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), and hemoglobin (HGB) levels were decreased in bitches with ovarian tumors, which might be associated with cancer related anemia. In conclusion, the evaluation of complete blood count in bitches with ovarian tumors can be important to estimate the hematological effect of tumor progression.

Natural Antioxidants in Anemia Treatment.

Anemia, characterized by a decrease of the hemoglobin level in the blood and a reduction in carrying capacity of oxygen, is a major public health problem which affects people of all ages. The methods used to treat anemia are blood transfusion and oral administration of iron-based supplements, but these treatments are associated with a number of side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and stomach pain, which limit its long-term use. In addition, oral iron supplements are poorly absorbed in the intestinal tract, due to overexpression of hepcidin, a peptide hormone that plays a central role in iron homeostasis. In this review, we conducted an analysis of the literature on biologically active compounds and plant extracts used in the treatment of various types of anemia. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the use of these compounds and plant extracts, in order to explore their therapeutic potential. The advantage of using them is that they are available from natural resources and can be used as main, alternative, or adjuvant therapies in many diseases, such as various types of anemia.

Study of peripheral blood smear findings in patients of anemia and to compare it with automated hematology analyzer generated red cell parameters

Introduction: Anemia is one of the common medical conditions prevalent in our society. The correct categorization of varying types of anemia is essential for therapeutic purposes. Various laboratory tests are done to find out its underlying cause, but peripheral smear (PS) study of red blood cells (RBCs) morphology is important along with study of red blood cell indices in the classification of anemia.&#x0D; Objectives: This study was done to evaluate RBC morphology on peripheral smear examination in patients of anemia and to compare these findings with cell counter generated red blood cells indices comprising of Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)&#x0D; Methodology: Red blood cell morphology on peripheral blood smear was studied in 350 patients of anemia irrespective of age and gender received under six months duration from 1st January 2019 to 30 th June 2019 and findings were compared with cell counter generated red cell parameters generated by automated hematology analyzer.&#x0D; Results: Most common anemia seen on smear examination was microcytic hypochromic anemia which accounted for 210 (60%) cases followed by dimorphic anemia in 73 (20.86%) cases. Most of the patients were female, comprising of 227 (64.85%) cases. Highest numbers of patient were in the age group of 21-30 years (20.30%). Sensitivity of MCV was 78%, MCHC was 14% and MCH was 80% in detection of microcytic hypochromic anemia. The sensitivity of MCV and MCH was found to be 100 % in detection of macrocytic anemia. Sensitivity of MCHC was only 10% for detection of macrocytic anemia. The sensitivity of MCV, MCHC and MCH was 78%, 100% and 67 % respectively in detection of normocytic normochromic anemia. &#x0D; Conclusion: The peripheral smear examination should always be interpreted along with the red blood cell indices generated by an automated analyzer in order to classify various types of anemia.

CORRELATION OF PERIPHERAL SMEARS FINDINGS WITH RBC INDICES AND RBC HISTOGRAM IN DIAGNOSIS OF ANAEMIA IN PREGNANT FEMALES.

Background: Red Blood Cell (RBC) histogram is a graphic representation of particle size distribution (cell frequencies verses size). RBC histogram with complete blood cell counts by automated analyser provides an idea about morphological changes of red blood cells in anaemias. Peripheral smear examination (PBS) helps in diagnosing different types of anaemias by visualizing abnormal shape and size, arrangement and immature red cells. This study was intended to analyze various types of anemia in pregnant women and to correlate RBC indices, RBC histogram with peripheral smear. Aims and Objectives: 1) To Correlate RBC indices, RBC histogram with peripheral smear in anemic pregnant women. 2) To categorize the type of anemia based on RBC indices, histogram and peripheral smear. Materials and Methods: Venous blood sample was run in SYSMEX XNL/350 six-part analyser. The haematological investigations of CBC, red blood cell indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) and RBC histogram were obtained by analyser. Peripheral blood smear study was performed. Results: The present study included 55 cases among which in decreasing order of frequency, NNA (50.9%) was more common followed by MHA (40%), macrocytic anaemia (3.63%) and dimorphic anaemia (5.45%), as categorized by peripheral smear examination. Analysis by erythrocyte indices and histogram showed similar findings except in normocytic, microcytic and dimorphic which were 13.63%, 32.14% and 1.8% respectively. The correlation was done between the diagnosis made by the two methods which showed 76% concordance and discordance of 23.63%. Conclusion: Findings of the present study shows automated analyzer correlated well with PBS in cases of macrocytic and dimorphic anemia, compared to normocytic normochromic and microcytic hypochromic anaemia. As, RBC histogram with RBC indices and PBS are supplementary to each other, both should be used in conjunction for accurate diagnosis.

PSY5 ECONOMIC VALUE DRIVERS IN SEVERE RED BLOOD CELL DISORDERS: A REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ECONOMIC CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Anemia treatments have greatly improved patient life expectancy in the past decade. However, few economic studies have evaluated the budgetary impact and cost effectiveness of these new therapies. The purpose of this study is to review published economic studies in severe red blood cell disorders, including autoimmune hemolytic anemia, beta-thalassemia, chemotherapy-induced anemia, chronic kidney disease anemia, and severe aplastic anemia to inform the conceptual framework for future economic research in severe anemia. Economic literature for the various types of anemia was reviewed by a targeted search. The review considered cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA), cost-utility analyses (CUA), and budget impact models (BIM) and evaluated the main assumptions impacting their validity. Primarily, the assumptions assessed included the model structure (decision tree, Markov model), the time horizon, the perspective, and the included costs. Based on these assessments, an optimal conceptual framework was proposed for future economic research, accounting for the criteria used previously. A total of eleven studies were analyzed: five CEAs, four BIMs, and two CUA. The studies were predominantly from G8 countries. The time horizon varied significantly from 15 weeks to lifetime, which is important as smaller timeframes do not take into consideration the long-term impact of treatment outcomes. Additionally, the types of costs included varied among studies, and mortality costs were rarely included. Furthermore, the association between serum ferritin and mortality was neglected in most of the studies considering adverse events. Lastly, uncertainty was not always assessed properly, particularly for lifetime models. The economic analyses found in red blood cell disorders seem to overlook core elements, particularly the included costs. Importantly, adverse events, administration, and mortality costs were not calculated in most of the studies. The conceptual framework proposed will help identify and reduce gaps related to economic model conceptualization in red blood cell disorders.