Abstract
Introduction: Anemia is one of the common medical conditions prevalent in our society. The correct categorization of varying types of anemia is essential for therapeutic purposes. Various laboratory tests are done to find out its underlying cause, but peripheral smear (PS) study of red blood cells (RBCs) morphology is important along with study of red blood cell indices in the classification of anemia.
 Objectives: This study was done to evaluate RBC morphology on peripheral smear examination in patients of anemia and to compare these findings with cell counter generated red blood cells indices comprising of Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
 Methodology: Red blood cell morphology on peripheral blood smear was studied in 350 patients of anemia irrespective of age and gender received under six months duration from 1st January 2019 to 30 th June 2019 and findings were compared with cell counter generated red cell parameters generated by automated hematology analyzer.
 Results: Most common anemia seen on smear examination was microcytic hypochromic anemia which accounted for 210 (60%) cases followed by dimorphic anemia in 73 (20.86%) cases. Most of the patients were female, comprising of 227 (64.85%) cases. Highest numbers of patient were in the age group of 21-30 years (20.30%). Sensitivity of MCV was 78%, MCHC was 14% and MCH was 80% in detection of microcytic hypochromic anemia. The sensitivity of MCV and MCH was found to be 100 % in detection of macrocytic anemia. Sensitivity of MCHC was only 10% for detection of macrocytic anemia. The sensitivity of MCV, MCHC and MCH was 78%, 100% and 67 % respectively in detection of normocytic normochromic anemia. 
 Conclusion: The peripheral smear examination should always be interpreted along with the red blood cell indices generated by an automated analyzer in order to classify various types of anemia.
Highlights
Anemia is a common medical problem faced by Nepalese popula on which is o en ignored
Red blood cell morphology on peripheral blood smear was studied in 350 pa ents of anemia irrespec ve of age and gender received under six months dura on from January to June, 2019 and findings were compared with cell counter generated red cell parameters generated by automated hematology analyzer
The peripheral blood smear examina on should always be interpreted along with the red blood cell indices generated by an automated analyzer in order to classify various types of anemia
Summary
Anemia is a common medical problem faced by Nepalese popula on which is o en ignored. Anemia leads to ssue hypoxia due to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Anemia affects 1.62 billion people worldwide which correspond to 24.8% of the world popula on. The most common cause of anemia is nutri onal deficiency of iron, vitamin B12 or folic acid. Many clinical condi ons can lead to anemia like decreased produc on of RBCs in disease causing bone marrow failure and increased destruc on of RBCs in clinical condi ons leading to hemolysis. Every pa ent of anemia should be inves gated to find out the cause and the type for proper medical treatment. There is lack of consistency in the protocols for proper screening for anemia. There is lack of consistency in the protocols for proper screening for anemia. 2-4
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