Various Parts Of Turkey Research Articles

Distribution data on the family Melittidae (Hymenoptera) of Turkey with considerations about their importance as pollinators

The examination of specimens collected from various parts of Turkey, mainly from East Anatolia, and an overview of the literature allows us to reach the conclusion that the Melittidae of Turkey are represented by 3 genera, Dasypoda (14 species), Macropis (2 species), and Melitta (9 species), with a total of 25 species including Dasypoda toroki Michez, 2004, a new record for the Turkish fauna. Dasypoda hirtipes (Fabricius, 1793), Melitta (Melitta) leporina (Panzer, 1799), and M. dimidiata Morawitz, 1876 are the most widespread and abundant species. Dasypoda friesana Schletterer, 1890; D. longigena Schletterer, 1890; D. patinyi Michez, 2002; D. visnaga (Rossi, 1790); Melitta rasmonti Michez, 2007; M. nigricans Alfken, 1905; M. singular Michez, 2012; M. haemorrhoidalis; and M. melanura (Nylander, 1852) are very rare species and most are known from one locality only. The rest of the species are moderately distributed in Turkey. Five species of Dasypoda and 3 species of Melitta have type localities from Anatolia; of these, D. longigena, M. bicollaris, M. singular, M. rasmonti, and D. warnckei are endemic to Anatolia. New distribution areas were added for each species and the plant species visited were included. Although the genus Dasypoda visits mostly wild flowers, D. hirtipes also frequently visits sunflowers and it is an important pollinator of this plant. In the case of the genus Macropis, females collect oil and pollen from the flowers of Lysimachia (Primulaceae) as larval food. Melitta leporina, M. dimidiata, and M. bicollaris are important pollinators of fodder crops, such as alfalfa, sainfoin, and various clover species and some other legumes.

Some Morphological Characteristics of Kangal Dogs Raised in Various Parts of Turkey. I. Body Measurements

In this PhD Thesis, data of some morphological characteristics of Kangal Dogs raised in various parts of Turkey were analyzed. Data collected from 432 male and 303 female, total 735 dogs were examined at 3 different groups as sheep breeders, civil and official dog breeding farms. Collected data were analyzed for sex, coat colour, style of breeding, national and local regions using methods of ANOVA and Duncan. Means of adult weight, withers height, height at rump, body length, heart girth circumference, cannon circumference, ear length, head length, muzzle length, head circumference, limb length, tail length, head width, chest width, abdomen width, chest depth, haunch width at Kangal Dogs were found as 45.9 kg; 74.8, 73.8, 84.5, 86.2, 13.2, 13.5, 30.7, 12.6, 53.8, 35.6, 47.8, 14.3, 19.7, 15.9, 31.6, 22.7 cm respectively. It could be concluded that the real examples of Turkish Kangal Shepherd Dogs could be found in a place where dogs raised by sheep breeders rather than raised at official or civil breeding farms.

A Statistical Investigation on the Wind Energy Potential of Turkey's Geographical Regions

Wind energy is one of the most significant and rapidly developing renewable energy sources in the world, and it provides a clean energy resource, which is a promising alternative in the short term in Turkey. The wind energy potential in various parts of Turkey is becoming economical due to reductions in wind turbine costs, and in fossil fuel atmospheric pollution. Because of this, it is necessary to make use of this resource immediately and start conducting the required technical and economical feasibility research. The aim of this study is to establish the potential and the feasibility basis for the wind energy resources in geographical regions of Turkey and provide suitable data for evaluating the potential wind power. For this purpose, the wind energy potential of Turkey's geographical regions is analyzed based on measured wind data over the 30-year periods by using 119 locations. The probability density distributions for all regions are derived from cumulative distribution functions. Two probability density functions are fitted to the measured probability distributions on a monthly, seasonally, and yearly basis for all regions. Based on these wind speed distributions, this study quantifies the available wind energy potential to provide practical information for the application of wind energy in this area. In addition to this, the wind energy potential of Turkey's geographical regions is studied based on the Weibull and the Rayleigh models for various hub heights.

The Effect of The Reproductive Health and Family Planning Education Given in TAF on the Attitudes of Recruits about Sexually Transmitted Infections

AIM: In this study, the effect of the reproductive health and family planning (RHFP) education given to recruits in Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) on the attitudes of the recruits towards the sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has been investigated. METHOD: The population of this cross sectional research comprises 1218 recruits assigned in 1st Gendarmerie Training Battalion Command in Kutahya in the third training term of the year 2009. A separate sample was not selected; the all population of survey were included in the study. 1109 recruits were contacted in the research and the rate of response elicited had been 91%. In the gathering of the data; an attitude scale prepared in the likert type was used before and after the training. The sociodemographic properties of the participants were identified separately with a form. The data derived were analyzed with nonparametric tests, and SPSS 15.0 statistics program was used for this purpose. RESULTS: The recruits involved in the research had an age range of 20 to 30, and the average age was 20,8(±1,8). The participants were from various parts of Turkey and the degrees of their education also varied. While the average attitude score was 4,00(±0,50) before the training, it increased to 4,32(±0,47) after the training and a significant %8 increase in score was achieved(P

Assessment of Wound Healing Activity of the Aqueous Extracts of Colutea cilicica Boiss. & Bal. Fruits and Leaves

The fruiting branches of Colutea cilicica Boiss. & Bal., along with leaves and fruits, have been used to heal inflammatory wounds at traditional medicine in various parts of Turkey. In order to evaluate the wound healing activity of the plant, aqueous extracts were prepared from the flowering parts and fruits of Colutea cilicica Boiss. & Bal. by using 40°C distilled water. Incision wound healing models by using tensiometer on rats and excision wound healing models on mice were employed to assess the activity. Significant wound healing activity was observed when ointment formulation of the aqueous extract at 1% concentration was applied on the mentioned models. The fruit extract treated the groups of animals, showing a 78.1% contraction in wounds, which was close to the contraction value of the reference drug Madecassol (100%). On the other hand, the same extract used on the incision wound model demonstrated a significant increase (42%) in wound tensile strength, compared to the flowering aerial parts. Histopathological examination also supported the results shown in both the incision and excision wound models. The wound healing effect was evaluated and compared with the reference ointment Madecassol. Moreover, zinc and vitamin C levels in the fruit (9480 ± 0 mcg g−1; 389 mg g−1) and flowering aerial part (6609 ± 1 mcg g−1; 404 mg g−1) extracts, which might have contributed to the wound healing process, were determined. The experimental data confirmed the traditional usage of C. cilicica Boiss. & Bal.

Distribution of Scoliidae (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of Turkey with their zoogeographic characterization

Summary In the present study, 18 species in the family Scoliidae (Hymenoptera) are reported from various parts of Turkey. Based on a review of the literature it was found that 22 species and subspecies in seven genera belonging to two subfamilies, which are connected with Scoliidae family from Turkey, have been presented. Additionally, a checklist is provided for the Turkish scoliids. The plants visited by the recorded scoliids are also indicated. The main chorological categories of Turkish Scoliidae species are represented as follows: Palearctic (2 species), Centralasiatic-European (6), CentralasiaticMediterranean (1), Turano-Mediterranean (4), Turano-E-Mediterranean (1), Turanian (6), SW-Asiatic (1), E-Mediterranean (1).

Determination of essential oil variations of Thymbra spicata var. spicata L. naturally growing in the wild flora of East Mediterranean and Southeastern Anatolia regions of Turkey

Thymbra spicata var. spicata is an important medicinal and aromatic plant species growing wild in various parts of Turkey with high significance in pharmaceutical and food industry. It makes it important to know the factors affecting higher yields of essential oil and possible influence of its mineral elements on pharmacological characteristics. This study was carried out to determine variations among seeds, mineral element content of herbs, yield of essential oils and oil composition of T. spicata accessions collected from 30 different locations lying at an altitude of 121–1249 m in Southeastern Anatolia and Mediterranean regions of Turkey. Essential oils from aerial parts of T. spicata were obtained by hydro-distillation and their components were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results showed that Thymbra herbages were rich in microelements Al, Ca, Mg, Na and P. Essential oil composition of the samples ranged 1.57–3.27% with characterisation of two different chemotypes. The samples collected from Diyarbakir-Kulp location had 53% (approx.) γ-terpinene in their essential oil, whereas, the other samples had carvacrol as dominant chemical component with a range of 49.7–94.5%. It is planned to select T. spicata populations and introduce them as cultivars with high essential oil, fresh and dry herbage yield.

Potential Analysis of Wind Energy as a Power Generation Source

Wind energy as a power generation source is one of the most significant and rapidly developing renewable energy sources in the world. Because wind energy potential in various parts of Turkey is becoming economical, it is necessary to determine to start the immediate usage of the wind energy potential and the investigation of the necessary techniques and economic feasibility. In this study, wind energy status in Turkey is examined briefly and the possible wind energy potential in Eskisehir, Turkey is investigated using the data collected in the observation station established at Iki Eylul Campus of Anadolu University between the dates of July 1, 2005 and September 30, 2006.

A review of the chemical, biochemical and antimicrobial aspects of Turkish Otlu (herby) cheese

Otlu (herby) cheese, a traditional Turkish dairy product, is commonly made in Eastern Anatolia in Turkey. It is consumed in the various parts of Turkey, especially in the eastern and southeastern parts. Its popularity has been increasing because of industrialization of its production. It is manufactured from raw milk, is salty in taste and has a herby intense aroma because of the added herbs. The unusual processing steps of the cheese are that it is firmly filled in a plastic cheese container and stored under the soil during ripening. The flavour becomes highly acceptable after 3 months of ripening. The most common herbs used in the cheese are wild garlic (Allium sp.) but other herbs (Ferula sp., Prangos sp., Thymus sp., Mentha sp., Chaerophyllum macropodum and Silene vulgaris) are also used individually or as appropriate mixtures. The herbs give the cheese its flavour, but also extend the shelf life of the cheese. The aim of this review was to outline the manufacture and chemical, biochemical and antimicrobial properties of Otlu herby cheese.

Water-induced variations in mechanical properties of clay-bearing rocks

This study presents the results obtained from laboratory tests carried out on different types of clay-bearing rock collected from various parts of Turkey, to quantify the effects of water content on mechanical properties of the rocks, and to develop a method for estimating the rock strength and deformability at any water content based on physical properties. For this purpose, in addition to physical properties of the rock types collected, needle penetration resistance, uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were determined on a number of specimens with different water contents. The results suggest that with increasing the water content the reductions in the uniaxial compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and tensile strength are up to 90%, 93% and 90%, respectively, from oven-dried to saturated conditions. Based on a series of empirical models developed and the comparisons between the experimentally determined mechanical properties and those predicted from the models, it is concluded that the suggested models seem to be very practical tools to estimate the mechanical properties of the clay-bearing rocks at any water content using the coefficients related to some physical properties of the rock material such as dry unit weight, water absorption by weight and porosity. In addition, needle penetration test is particularly suitable for such rocks to indirectly estimate their uniaxial compressive strength.

Municipal solid waste management strategies in Turkey

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a major environmental problem in Turkey, as in many developing countries. Problems associated with municipal solid waste are difficult to address, but efforts towards more efficient collection and transportation and environmentally acceptable waste disposal continue in Turkey. Although strict regulations on the management of solid waste are in place, primitive disposal methods such as open dumping and discharge into surface water have been used in various parts of Turkey. This study presents a brief history of the legislative trends in Turkey for MSW management. The study also presents the MSW responsibility and management structure together with the present situation of generation, composition, recycling, and treatment. The results show that approximately 25 million ton of MSW are generated annually in Turkey. About 77% of the population receives MSW services. In spite of efforts to change open dumping areas into sanitary landfills and to build modern recycling and composting facilities, Turkey still has over 2000 open dumps.

Studies on Betula essential oils

Essential oils were obtained from leaf, branch and buds of Betula species: B. pendula Roth, B. browicziana A.Guner, B. litwinowii Doluch., B. recurvata V. Vassil., and B. medwediewii Regel naturally growing in various parts of Turkey. Also buds of the common birch B. pendula essential oil from Germany and two species native to Finland namely, Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hamet-Ahti and Betula pubescens ssp. pubescens Erhr. were investigated. Betula essential oils were obtained by different distillation techniques such as hydrodistillation, microdistillation and Likens-Nickerson simultaneous distillation-extraction method (SDE). The resulting volatile compositions were elucidated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems. Known and new sesquiterpenes were isolated from Betula essential oils using column chromatographic techniques. Structure determination of each isolated compound was carried out using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques supported by MS, UV and GC FITR. Biological activities were determined both for essential oils and pure compounds isolated from the oils of Betula species. Antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant activity results were carried out using various in vitro techniques.

Evaluation of genetic diversity in Turkish melons (Cucumis melo L.) based on phenotypic characters and RAPD markers

The genetic relationships among 56 melon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes collected from various parts of Turkey were determined by comparing their phenotypic and molecular traits with those of 23 local and foreign melon genotypes to investigate the taxonomic relationships and genetic variation of Turkish melon germplasm. Sixty-one phenotypic characters and 109 polymorphic RAPD markers obtained from 33 primers were used to define the genetic similarity among the melon genotypes by dendrograms or two and three dimensional scaling. There were high correlations (r ≥ 0.97) among the four resulting matrices used in molecular characterization. The correlations between phenotypic (Euclidean) and molecular Euclidean, Jaccard, Simple matching, and Nei analyses were r = 0.41, r = −0.40, r = −0.43 and r = −0.40, respectively. Related genotypes or genotypes collected from similar regions were partitioned to similar clusters. Both analyses (phenotypic and molecular) indicated that non-sweet melon types were dissimilar from sweet types and diversity of Turkish melon genotypes was higher than that of sweet foreign cultivars examined, but similar to that of the reference accessions employed. It was also observed that sweet Turkish melon genotypes belonging to groups inodorus and group cantalupensis were highly variable and could have intermated or have crossed with other non-sweet types.

Wind power potential in Turkey and Akhisar case study

Wind energy potential in various parts of Turkey is becoming economical due to reductions in the wind turbine costs, and in fossil fuel atmospheric pollution. The global change program imposes restrictions for use of alternative renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources. Wind energy is among such energy potentials and its practical and economical use gain significance day by day. The first wind energy turbine site investigation and wind power application possibility have been presented for the Akhisar area within the eastern provinces of Turkey. Different wind turbine technologies are assessed according to the local wind speed variations. Locally and technologically suitable wind turbines are selected. Finally their locations are decided by expert views and field measurements with the usage of well known WASP software. It is calculated that a minimum of 31436 MWh/year wind can be generated in this site. In the calculations 10% error possibility is allowed.

Effect of mineral matter on the reactivity of lignite chars

In this study, the effect of mineral matter on the combustion reactivity of chars produced from 25 lignite samples originating from various parts of Turkey was investigated. Char samples were produced from both original and demineralized lignites. Non-isothermal thermogravimetry has been used to determine the combustion reactivity of the samples. The combustion activation energies were calculated by the Coats-Redfern and Zsako methods from their TG data. Burning profiles of the original and demineralized lignite chars were also compared and discussed. The relationship between the carbon contents of the parent lignites and the conversions of their chars at 1273 K was studied as well. It was observed that the mineral species showed an important effect on the combustion reactivity of the char samples.

Mitochondrial DNA and chromosomal studies of wild mice (Mus) from Turkey and Iran.

Complete D-loop sequences of 20 Mus from three localities in Turkey and seven in Iran were characterized. These countries are thought to be close to the place of origin of the subspecies Mus musculus domesticus. Five new M. m. domesticus haplotypes were added to the nine already known for the region. Four of these 14 haplotypes were very similar to the consensus D-loop sequence for western Europe defined by Nachman et al. (1994), which may represent the ancestral condition for M. m. domesticus. A divergent mtDNA lineage is found in various parts of Turkey and northern Iran; it has spread into western Europe, but other European lineages were not found in either Turkey or Iran. The other Mus D-loop sequences were of M. m. castaneus and Mus macedonicus and confirmed M. macedonicus as a monotypic species with low nucleotide diversity. The prevalence of the standard 40-chromosome complement in this region is particularly interesting with regards M. m. domesticus, as it is consistent with the in situ origin of Robertsonian karyotypic races (2n < 40) in western Europe.

Geodynamic evolution of Turkey and Cyprus based on palaeomagnetic data

Summary Using all the available palaeomagnetic results tentative reconstructions are given for the past positions of various parts of Turkey. At least two parts were located near the equator in Triassic times, presumably along the south-eastern boundary of the Arabian plate. This implies large-scale continental drift towards the north-west which must be taken into account in interpretations of the Alpine orogeny and the geology of the Eastern Mediterranean.

Critical drought analysis of periodic-stochastic processes

A general method is presented for finding the exact probability distribution function of the longest drought duration in a finite sample of any process on the basis of runs theory and enumeration technique. The methodology developed is applied to some hypothetical and observed monthly river flow sequences at various parts of Turkey.

The Unpacified Bedouins Arabia’s Wildest Tribes

Essay| January 01 1925 The Unpacified Bedouins Arabia’s Wildest Tribes DR. Edward J. Bing DR. Edward J. Bing Oxford Scholar in Oriental Languages and Former Turkish Official in the World War and Post-War Periods. Dr. Bing is well known as traveler and scholar. He was graduated from Oxford University, England, where he specialized in Mohammedan philosophy and Oriental languages with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. After his graduation he went to the East, where he had an adventurous and interesting career. He spent three years in Turkey, Syria, Arabia and Mesopotamia, and shared the life of the Bedouins of the desert. In Turkey he was brought into close contact with Mustapha Kemal, Chief of the present Turkish Republic; Ismet Pasha, Talaat Pasha, Djemal Bey and a number of eminent Turks of both sexes of princely rank. Dr. Bing organized the Boy Scout movement in various parts of Turkey and presided at examinations in schools for Moslem boys and girls. He lived with the Bedouins of the desert and shared their wild, nomadic life; the title of Bedouin Sheik was conferred upon him. He has published many articles on the Near East, including interviews with Turkish notables. At the time this article went to press he was back again in Turkey living in Angora in close contact with the present Turkish régime.—Ed. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1925) 21 (4): 574–580. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1925.21.4.574 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation DR. Edward J. Bing; The Unpacified Bedouins Arabia’s Wildest Tribes. Current History 1 January 1925; 21 (4): 574–580. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1925.21.4.574 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1925 by The Regents of the University of California1925 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Progress of Women in New Turkey

Essay| May 01 1923 Progress of Women in New Turkey Dr. Edward J. Bing Dr. Edward J. Bing Dr. Bing is well known as a traveler and scholar. He was graduated from Oxford University, where he specialized in Mohammedan philosophy and Oriental languages, with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. He spent three years in Turkey, Syria, Arabia and Mesopotamia, and was brought into close personal contact with the Caliph, Mustapha Kemal, Ismet Pasha, Talaat. Pasha, Djemal Bey, and with a number of men and women of princely rank. He organized the Boy Scout movement in various parts of Turkey and presided at examinations in schools for Moslem boys and girls. The rank of Bey and Bedouin Sheik were conferred upon him. He has published many articles on the Near Bast, including interviews with Turkish notables.–Ed. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1923) 18 (2): 305–311. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1923.18.2.305 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Dr. Edward J. Bing; Progress of Women in New Turkey. Current History 1 May 1923; 18 (2): 305–311. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1923.18.2.305 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1923 by The Regents of the University of California1923 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.