Abstract
Essential oils were obtained from leaf, branch and buds of Betula species: B. pendula Roth, B. browicziana A.Guner, B. litwinowii Doluch., B. recurvata V. Vassil., and B. medwediewii Regel naturally growing in various parts of Turkey. Also buds of the common birch B. pendula essential oil from Germany and two species native to Finland namely, Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hamet-Ahti and Betula pubescens ssp. pubescens Erhr. were investigated. Betula essential oils were obtained by different distillation techniques such as hydrodistillation, microdistillation and Likens-Nickerson simultaneous distillation-extraction method (SDE). The resulting volatile compositions were elucidated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems. Known and new sesquiterpenes were isolated from Betula essential oils using column chromatographic techniques. Structure determination of each isolated compound was carried out using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques supported by MS, UV and GC FITR. Biological activities were determined both for essential oils and pure compounds isolated from the oils of Betula species. Antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant activity results were carried out using various in vitro techniques.
Highlights
Well-known as birch tree, the genus Betula of the family Betulaceae, has a wide distribution in the northern hemisphere from Canada to Japan.[1]
The buds of B. pendula, B. litwinowii and B. medwediewii collected from various parts of Turkey were hydrodistilled while B. browicziana and B. recurvata buds were subjected to simultaneous distillation-extraction method (SDE) using a Likens-Nickerson apparatus due to limited plant material
14-hydroxy-β-caryophyllene (1) was epoxidized by m-CPBA resulting in the formation of the two synthetic diastereomeric epoxides namely, 14-hydroxy-4,5-epoxy-βcaryophyllene (6) and 14-hydroxy-4,5-epoxy-β-caryophyllene (7), as shown in Scheme 4.16 These compounds were shown to be present in the investigated Betula essential oils (Table 1). 14-Hydroxy-4,5-epoxy-β-caryophyllene (6) was obtained from the bud essential oil of B. pendula by Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography (MPLC)
Summary
Well-known as birch tree, the genus Betula of the family Betulaceae, has a wide distribution in the northern hemisphere from Canada to Japan.[1]. The essential oils obtained from Betula species have been the subject of many investigations.[7,8,9,10,11,12] Betulenol, the main component of the oil, was isolated and reported from This present work covers the essential oil chemistry as well as biological activities of the main components isolated from various Betula species investigated by our group.
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