Various Methods Of Selection Research Articles

Methods of selecting dogs for the needs of canine units of the sector of security and defense of Ukraine

In the article the main criteria and indicators in terms of selecting dogs for the service needs of canine units of the security and defense sector of Ukraine are being examined. Based on the results of the analysis of domestic and foreign experience in the application of various methods of selection of service dogs, the problem issues of dogs selection for service needs are being identified. An analysis of the international experience of canine units (on the example of canine units of the USA, Spain, and Germany) in organizing the selection of dogs for the performance of service tasks is being carried out, and the main ways of its implementation in the conditions of the existing system of canine support of the units of the security and defense sector of Ukraine are worked out. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the requirements of the governing documents, which determine the order of organization of the activities of canine units, special and professional literature, the main methodical recommendations for the organization of the dogs selection for the purpose of their further use in breeding work and training according to the relevant specialization (special, search, guard, search-assault, mine-searching) are discovered. A generalized approach and a variant of the improved methodology for determining the suitability of a dog for service use are proposed, the main components of which are the assessment of the physiological state of the dog's main body systems, exterior and constitution, nervous system, physical endurance and working qualities of dogs. The methods of dogs testing to determine their suitability for official use involve two stages: primary – testing of dogs according to the relevant sections, which is carried out on the day of arrival at the Kennel Training Center or on the day of the arrival of the dog selection commission to the owner of the dog (section A “Evaluation of the physiological state”, section B “Evaluation of the nervous system of dogs and the degree of socialization”, section B “Evaluation of working qualities of dogs” – the direction of further use (specialization) is taken into consideration, section D “Evaluation of dogs by exterior and constitution” – if necessary); repeated stage – repeated testing according to the algorithm of the first stage (section A – if necessary), which is carried out on 2–4 days. It is recommended to check a compliance with the breed standard by evaluating the main parameters of the dog according to the exterior and constitution. During the selection according to the defined criteria, it is mandatory to take into consideration the future purpose of the dog, in particular, use in a breeding business or for a service training. In case of selection of dogs with the aim of their further use in units of reproduction of service dogs as pedigrees, their suitability indicators will be higher and must satisfy the basic requirements set forth by canine units (breeding value, strong type of constitution and nervous system, exterior evaluations not lower “good” and “very good”).

Method of determination and selection of the best parent components of sugar beet hybrids (Beta vulgaris L.) by their productivity

The purpose of the research was to study the components of crossing and evaluate the efficiency of the obtained experimental sugar beet hybrids. Selection of the best lines for the use as parent components of monogerm hybrids was performed based on their sugar yield.
 Methods. Foreign pollinators of yield direction (rkБЗ4, rkБЗ5, rkБЗ6, rkБЗ7) and Ukrainian CMS lines were used in crosses. Experimental genotypes were obtained as a result of hybridization, recombination and selection. The genotypes were studied in controlled polycrosses and topcrosses. Variety testing was carried out in accordance with the standard protocols.
 Results. On the basis of use various methods of selection, promising genotypes with high adaptive potential were selected. The highest productivity of hybrids (in % to the standard) with CМS1 was 111.3%, CМS2 112.3%, CМS3 108.3%, and with pollinator rkБЗ6орс 103.8%. In combinations with pollinator абБЗ1 824 / CМS3, the resulted hybrid had productivity 111.2%. The hybrids resulted from combination rkБЗ4 644 / МS2 showed productivity of 109.3%, and rk БЗ4 644 / МС3 112.1%. Hybrids with CМS1 and CMS3 testers showed the productivity of 105.9% and CМS2 105.4%. In terms of sugar yield, the best combinations were rkБЗ7мтд / МS1 with 110.8% and rkБЗ7мтд / МS3 with 108.5%. Thus, the efficiency of pollinators made up 101.5%, 101.2%, 102.5% and 102.8%, respectively.
 Conclusions. Selected sugar beet hybrid components have been evaluated by their efficiency, combinational value and tolerance to the environmental conditions. A very high correlation relationship was found between foreign pollinators and Ukrainian CМS lines. It confirms their suitability as parent components of sugar beet hybrids. The efficiency of experimental hybrids depends both on components of crossing and climatic conditions of a zone of cultivation. Promising parent components of sugar beet hybrids have been selected.

Movements and Remediation: Lack of Site-Specificity in Modern ArtWorks

The article analyzes the works of contemporary art, taking into account the features of their functioning. The main goal is to determine what changes have taken place in the basis of a work of art, which allows us to designate this object as an object of contemporary art. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that one of the features of a work of art is the lack of site-specificity. The specificity of the site is the affiliation of the work to a specific place and time: when the affiliation changes, the relations of the object, context and viewer also change. The level of site-specificity of works of art relates to their cultural circulation. Works of modern art are the result of a strategy of figurative saturation defined by a series of constant movements and remediation. The works of contemporary artists are marked with the transition from individual or serial discrete objects to manipulating populations of images using various methods of selection and "reframing”.
 Keywords: work of art, contemporary art, site-specificity, remediation, figurative saturation

Evaluation of various methods of selection of B. subtilis strains capable of secreting surface-active compounds.

The aim of the study was the evaluation of a three-step method for the selection of bacterial strains capable of producing surfactin. The procedure consisted of the following steps: 1.blood agar test, 2. measurement of the surface tension (ST) of the medium using the du Nouy method before and after submerged culture, 3. qualitative and quantitative assessment of surfactin by HPLC. Forty five Bacillus subtilis natto strains producing haemolysis zones (≥3mm) were selected. Nineten of them reduced ST of the medium to ≤ 40 mN/m; in six cases, the reduction was as much as 50%. All indicated strains produced surfactin. Positive correlations (p <0.5) between the percentage reduction of ST of the medium and surfactin concentration (r = 0.44), indicate that this parameter is determinant of the ability to synthesize this compound. The blood agar test has been shown to be useful only as a pre-selection criterion for surfactin producers (18 strains selected by this method reduced ST by only ≤30%). The proposed selection strategy proved effective and made it possible to select the BS15 strain that reduced the ST of the medium to 30.56 ± 0.15 mN/m and simultaneously provided a high concentration of surfactin compared to other strains.

The next-generation K-means algorithm.

Typically, when referring to a model‐based classification, the mixture distribution approach is understood. In contrast, we revive the hard‐classification model‐based approach developed by Banfield and Raftery (1993) for which K‐means is equivalent to the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. The next‐generation K‐means algorithm does not end after the classification is achieved, but moves forward to answer the following fundamental questions: Are there clusters, how many clusters are there, what are the statistical properties of the estimated means and index sets, what is the distribution of the coefficients in the clusterwise regression, and how to classify multilevel data? The statistical model‐based approach for the K‐means algorithm is the key, because it allows statistical simulations and studying the properties of classification following the track of the classical statistics. This paper illustrates the application of the ML classification to testing the no‐clusters hypothesis, to studying various methods for selection of the number of clusters using simulations, robust clustering using Laplace distribution, studying properties of the coefficients in clusterwise regression, and finally to multilevel data by marrying the variance components model with K‐means.

Influence of Feature Selection Methods on Classification Sensitivity Based on the Example of A Study of Polish Voivodship Tourist Attractiveness

Abstract The purpose of this article is to determine the influence of various methods of selection of diagnostic features on the sensitivity of classification. Three options of feature selection are presented: a parametric feature selection method with a sum (option I), a median of the correlation coefficients matrix column elements (option II) and the method of a reversed matrix (option III). Efficiency of the groupings was verified by the indicators of homogeneity, heterogeneity and the correctness of grouping. In the assessment of group efficiency the approach with the Weber median was used. The undertaken problem was illustrated with a research into the tourist attractiveness of voivodships in Poland in 2011.

Accurate calculations of second-order electric and magnetic properties: Two ways of physically justified modifications of basis sets

Second-order electric and magnetic properties calculated using an approach based upon the simultaneous analytical dependence of the bond order matrix and basis set functions on the corresponding perturbation parameters have been obtained and analyzed for a series of organic molecules. Various methods of selection of basis set quality for different atoms in investigated molecules were examined in conjunction with calculations of 1H NMR chemical shifts. Comparison of the results obtained at different levels of theory (HF, DFT, MP2) demonstrates small correlation effects for polarizability and magnetic susceptibility while the electron correlation effects play crucial role for calculations of nuclear magnetic shielding (chemical shifts).

Selection methods for interactive creation and management of objects in 3D immersive environments

This paper provides details on the the importance and requirements of multiple selection methods, and the creation and management of interactive objects within immersive CAVE like virtual reality systems. Various methods of selection and interactive model creation are explored, as well as the design and implementation of an application able to create interactive objects from within an immersive virtual environment in real-time. Some initial limitations of the research and potential improvements are documented in this paper. Finally, two case studies are presented that demonstrate the additional functionality and interaction gained within an immersive virtual environment from the research. Being able to create and manage interactive objects from within an immersive environment starts to bridge the gap between an immersive 3D visualisation. and an interactive, and productive environment.

ARMA model order estimation based on the SVD of the data matrix.

In many fields of digital signal processing such as acoustic echo path estimation, modelingof the unknown systems has been required. Since the selection of the model order isvery important in such modeling, various methods of selection have already been proposed.However, the order estimation of the ARMA model is very difficult due to thenoise of the observed data, even in the case of known input data. Since, in the presenceof additive noise in the output data, traditional methods fail to select a reasonable order, we propose a new algorithm to overcome this problem. Our proposed algorithm forARMA model order selection is based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and newcriteria of threshold values for the smallest singular value of the noisy data matrix. Inthe simulation, we show that our proposed algorithm is very effective for obtaining anappropriate rank of the noisy data matrix. We also show the good performance of our algorithm for practical estimation of the room acoustic transfer function.

Genetic maps of eight linkage groups of Aspergillus niger based on mitotic mapping.

This paper provides a genetic map of Aspergillus niger. At present 84 markers have been assigned to eight linkage groups. The chromosomal location of 60 markers is presented in this paper. The allocation of markers is based on recombination due to mitotic crossing over. Various methods for selection and analysis of homozygous recombinants were applied, using colour, auxotrophic and resistance markers. In addition, transformants carrying the heterologous Aspergillus nidulans gene coding for acetamidase (amdS) were used for mitotic mapping of markers in several linkage groups. In most of the transformants the amdS insert appeared to be centromere-distal to all known genetic markers, thus extending the genetic map. The linear order of the markers in the eight linkage groups has been determined. On the basis of these and earlier experiments tentative genetic maps for the eight linkage groups are presented. Genetic markers were found on both arms of the chromosomes, except for chromosomes II and IV. The genetic distance between markers and the centromere varies from about 10(-4) (LG I, II, V) up to more than 10(-2) (LG III, VI, VIII). The total frequency of mitotic recombination per genome in this fungus has been estimated to be at least 1.2 x 10(-1).

Mapping of human chromosome 22 with a panel of somatic cell hybrids

The adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) which is essential for generating adenylate, maps to the long arm of chromosome 22. By using a Chinese hamster ovary cell line deficient in ADSL activity, we have constructed a set of 17 somatic cell hybrids containing defined regions of human chromosome 22. This panel was extended with six additional hybrids, obtained in other laboratories using various methods of selection. Southern analysis of the hybrids with 38 chromosome 22 probes defined 14 different subregions which could be linearly organized on the long arm of chromosome 22. The order of the probes thus deduced is fully compatible with their previous localization and with the genetic map. The ADSL gene was further sublocalized between the MB and D22S22. This panel, which enables the rapid assignment of chromosome 22 single copy probes to small subregions, will be an important tool in the construction of a detailed physical map of this part of the genome.

Implementation of an Improved Adaptive-Implicit Method in a Thermal Compositional Simulator

Summary A multicomponent thermal simulator with an adaptive-implicit-method (AIM) formulation/inexact-adaptive-Newton (IAN) method is presented. The final coefficient matrix retains the original banded structure so that conventional iterative methods can be used. Various methods for selection of the eliminated unknowns are tested. AIM/IAN method has a lower work count per Newtonian iteration than fully implicit methods, but a wrong choice of unknowns will result in excessive Newtonian iterations. For the problems tested, the residual-error method described in the paper for selecting implicit unknowns, together with the IAN method, had an improvement of up to 28% of the CPU time over the fully implicit method.

Genetic Parameters of Plasma Very Low Density Lipoproteins, Abdominal Fat Lipase, and Protein, Fatness, and Growth Traits of Broiler Chickens

Genetic parameters of physiological, growth, and fatness traits were investigated in one control and two selected dam strains of broiler chickens. Feed consumption and efficiency were measured between 28 and 42 days of age but were adjusted to estimate values of population average body weights at these ages. Birds were bled at 45 days of age for assay of plasma very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and killed at 47 days of age for carcass and fat measurements. Abdominal fat was assayed for lipase activity expressed per milligram of protein (LIP/mgP) or per gram of fat (LIP/gF) and protein content of the enzyme preparation expressed as μg protein/mL (P/mLEPrep).Absolute values of partial correlations corrected for sex and strain were low between production and physiological traits and between fatness and LIP/mgP but were moderate at .3 between fatness and plasma VLDL, LIP/gF, and P/mLEPrep. Heritabilities were moderate to high (≥ .32) for growth and fatness traits, moderate (.25) for plasma VLDL, and low (≤ .16) for P/mLEPrep, LIP/mgP, and LIP/gF. Genetic correlations involving plasma VLDL were as follows: .49 with body weight at 42 days, −.74 with feed consumption, .64 with feed efficiency, .24 with carcass weight at 47 days, 1.07 with abdominal fat weight, and .97 with abdominal fat percentage. Similarly, absolute values of genetic correlations involving P/mLEPrep tended to be as high or higher but genetic correlations involving LIP/mgP and LIP/gF tended to be lower than those involving plasma VLDL. After considering genetic gain by various methods of selection, it was concluded that to reduce fatness, indirect selection for low plasma VLDL was at least as effective as direct selection against abdominal fat percentage measured in sibs. However, concurrent selection for body weight would be necessary to improve this trait as well as feed efficiency.

The expected efficiencies of some methods of selection of components for inter-genotypic mixtures

The gains in yields of mixtures expected to follow various methods of selection of components from populations of randomly constituted mixtures are formulated in terms of a statistical model and a model of first-order inter-plant competition. The types of selection investigated include that among whole mixtures and among groups or individual components on a within-mixture or unrestricted basis, or on the basis of the yields of sets of mixtures to which the group or individual is common. In all cases the sizes of mixture used for selection and for measurement of gain may differ. While evaluation of components in groups or whole mixtures allows selection for component interactions, gains are lower overall because of the reduction in variance caused by grouping. Gains due to interaction are lost if the components are pooled after selection, as in a population improvement programme. Individual selection carries some risk of negative gains, but these are reduced if assessment is made on an unrestricted rather than within-mixture basis. When second and higher order competitive interactions are absent, monoculture assessment is expected to be an efficient means of selection of components for binary and tertiary mixtures.

Competitive Bidding for A/E Services—Why Not?

A viable method of competitive bidding for architectural/engineering services is presented. The history of consultant selection procedures is reviewed as well as the controversy that continues today. Various methods of selection are outlined from those that are based on “qualifications” only to those that are based on “price” only. The proposed method of competitive bidding is based on a combination of qualifications and price. This method holds the clients interest, and has an economical and complete project as its primary concern.

Investigation of Clustering Effects in the Reaction pp → ppπ+π+π-π- at 19 GeV/c

Possible production of high multiplicity clusters of secondaries in the reaction pp → ppπ+π+π-π- at 19 GeV/c is investigated. The experimental distribution of dispersion versus mean for the pion rapidities shows, compared to simple one-component models, an excess of events in the regions where a single diffraction dissociation process is expected to populate. A method based on the Cramér von Mises statistical test combined with an operational method for selection of quasi two-body reactions is used for investigation of clustering effects in phase space caused by different reaction mechanisms. The analysis indicates that the distribution of experimental events in phase space has mainly two population centers, one consisting of events with the kinematical configuration expected from a single diffraction dissociation process. Results from application of various methods for selection of quasi two-body reactions are compared with similar investigations at other incoming momenta. A comparison with the reactions π±p → pπ±π+π+π-π- at 16 GeV/c shows that the samples of single diffraction-like events fulfil the factorization property.

Responses to Individual, Family or Index Selection for Short Term Rate of Egg Production in Chickens

THE theory of selection and the relative efficiency of various methods of selection have been discussed in detail by several workers: Lush (1948), Lerner (1958), Falconer (1960), Osborne (1957a, b) and others. Probably the most detailed development of theory with respect to reltive gains expected from various methods of selection, most likely to be employed by poultry breeders, is that presented by Osborne (1957 a, b). The four methods of selection discussed by Osborne are, a) full-sib family selection, b) half-sib family selection, c) index selection in which weights are assigned to full-sib and half-sib family averages, and d) index selection in which weights are assigned to full-sib and half-sib family averages and to individual records. Osborne discusses the theoretical efficiency of these systems relative to each other and relative to individual (mass) selection. His development indicates that expected gains, when a trait is low in heritability and the same…

MINT SELECTION FOR DIFFERENT SPECIFIC PURPOSES

In article questions of selection of mint – a valuable aromatic plant in our country are considered. Using wild-growing types of mints as donors of the economic and useful signs and also various methods of selection – clonal selection, hybridization, a mutagenesis by selectors are created the high-yield, steady against biotic and abiotic factors of the external environment, adapted to cultivation to concrete soil climatic conditions grades of mint of different purpose. Their comparative sortoispytaniye in the conditions of the Nonchernozem zone of the Russian Federation showed that on set of economic and valuable signs Medichka grades, Lekarstvennaya 4, Yantarnaya and Aromatnaya, possessing a good bouquet and aroma of an essential oil which are the most perspective for cultivation on a mint leaf, whereas grades the Moskvichka and Kubanskaya 6 with the increased content of menthol in oil more are suitable for production of an essential oil and mentholum were allocated. The profitability level of peppermint production due to the peculiarities of the varieties, their yield, resistance to abiotic and biotic factors, and the high costs of manual labor during planting, depends on the region of cultivation. In most cases, this is due to the shortcomings of the existing assortment of this crop in a given zone. A set of varieties is needed that can use the favorable environmental factors (natural and anthropogenic) with the greatest efficiency and stand against stress factors simultaneously. The further selection work with mint directed to increase in content biologically of the active materials in a feed stock, has to be conducted with use of methods of genomic selection.

The Heritability of Resistance to Death in the Fowl

INCREASING knowledge about the genetics of resistance to diseases in various animals and a better insight into the relative effectiveness of mass selection, family selection and progeny testing under various circumstances, have combined to make it seem practical now to undertake programs in this field which seemed to most breeders to be either unwise or premature a decade ago. Many investigations, especially in the last two decades, have shown clearly that differences in resistance to certain diseases are in part hereditary. However, the relative effectiveness of various methods of selection for improving such resistance is still often uncertain.The present study was undertaken to measure the extent or degree to which resistance to disease is inherited in the fowl, and thus to provide a guide for estimating how much reduction in mortality can reasonably be expected to result from various kinds of selection. Answers were sought to the following questions: .