Variety Of Brands Research Articles

Minimum Financial Outlays for Purchasing Alcohol Brands in the U.S.

Low alcohol prices are a potent risk factor for excessive drinking, underage drinking, and adverse alcohol-attributable outcomes. Presently, there is little reported information on alcohol prices in the U.S., in particular as it relates to the costs of potentially beneficial amounts of alcohol. To determine the minimum financial outlay necessary to purchase individual brands of alcohol using online alcohol price data from January through March 2012. The smallest container size and the minimum price at which that size beverage could be purchased in the U.S. in 2012 were determined for 898 brands of alcohol, across 17 different alcoholic beverage types. The analyses were conducted in March 2012. The majority of alcoholic beverage categories contain brands that can be purchased in the U.S. for very low minimum financial outlays. In the U.S., a wide variety of alcohol brands, across many types of alcohol, are available at very low prices. Given that both alcohol use and abuse are responsive to price, particularly among adolescents, the prevalence of low alcohol prices is concerning. Surveillance of alcohol prices and minimum pricing policies should be considered in the U.S. as part of a public health strategy to reduce excessive alcohol consumption and related harms.

A Study on Indian Youth for Determining Relationship of Brand Loyalty with Customer Perceptions with Special Reference to Personal Banking Services

This study is carried on with the aim of understanding the different customer perceptions which contribute to brand loyalty, especially for youth in the Indian industry for personal banking services. The five factors identified through literature review are trust, image, satisfaction, communication and perceived quality. A stratified sampling method was used to obtain 164 responses of different age groups within the youth segment, that is, 18–25 years, 26–35 years and 36–45 years. Correlation and regression techniques have been used to prove the relationships between dependent variable—brand loyalty—and independent variables—trust, image, satisfaction, communication and perceived quality. The results show perceived quality to be the most important factor among the youth to enhance brand loyalty. The results show that company image and customer satisfaction have positive correlation, whereas communication has a negative relationship with brand loyalty. Lastly, a predictor equation is provided for the brand loyalty model.

ANALISIS PENGARUH KETIDAKPUASAN KONSUMEN, IKLAN, DAN KARAKTERISTIK KATEGORI PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PERPINDAHAN MEREK PADA SABUN PEMBERSIH WAJAH

This study backs in the background by the emergence of the phenomenon of the emergence of new brands specifically for facial cleansing product category. A variety of brands of soap facial cleanser began competing, it is characterized by high levels of displacement brand of soap facial cleanser. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consumer dissatisfaction, advertising and the characteristics of the product categories of decisions of brand switching. The research was conducted on student Ahmad Dahlan School of Economics University of soap facial cleanser and the specified number of sample of 100 respondents by using multiple linear regression, t test, F test, and R2 (coefficient of determination).

Determinants of Brand Loyalty in Health Sector of Pakistan

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of brand loyalty in health sector of Pakistan, the main theme is to study the relationship between dependent variable that is brand loyalty and determinants of brand loyalty i.e. independent variables that are brand knowledge, brand social responsibility image, service involvement and perceived service quality. Data was collected through questionnaire from customers of the health sector industry in twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Out of 200 questionnaires 175 questionnaires received back in which 160 were properly filled which shows 80% response rate that is highly positive response. The results show that the independent variables have significant impact on dependent variable (brand loyalty). We have limited our research to the health sector of the twin cities i.e. Islamabad and Rawalpindi only, rather than the entire health industry of Pakistan. Research related to in depth analysis of the topic can be further done in different multiple dimensions. One can include much more complex demographics portion in the study in order to find out for example the impact of gender on the variable of brand loyalty.

Determinants Of Brand Equity And Its Causes and Consequences - A Study of Automobiles oil from Peshawar Region Pakistan

The word brand equity is known to every marketer and they wish that they have positive brand equity for their brands. The question arises why customers will play extra amount for one particular product? There are many variables which create brand equity. These variables include Brand awareness, familiarity, brand image, association, loyalty, preferences and availability. But it is important to find that how each of these variables contribute towards brand equity for auto mobiles oil. To find out which of these variables contribute how much towards brand equity a sample of 100 auto mobile oil users has been contacted from Peshawar region. On the basis of their responses a regression and correlation analysis was conducted. Findings and results of the study shows that brand loyalty and brand familiarity has more influence on brand equity in case of automobile oil in Peshawar Pakistan

Review of interactions between e-commerce, brand and packaging on value added of saffron: A structural equation modeling approach

The structural equation modeling approach is widely used to analyze relationships and causation among manifestly observed and intrinsically latent variables, and control observation or measurement errors in economics, sociology, and psychology. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of three variables e-commerce, brand and packaging on the value added of saffron by using a structural equation model. Results showed that packaging parameter with regression weight of 0.91 has the greater correlation to the latent variable of “factor” and it shows that it has the share of high value added to two other scales. Also based on this result, it can be said that three scales together have more value added in the foreign market (0.35 coefficient) toward domestic market (0.26 coefficient). Key words: Structural equation modeling (SEM), e-commerce, brand, packaging, saffron.

The influence of brand image and product knowledge in the advertising effect–take placement marketing movie as an example

This study introduces the coupe of Ferrari which appears in the movie “Bad Boys 2” as the experimental product and examines whether the brand image of the placed product and the product knowledge have an influence on the advertisement effect. Furthermore, we consider the product involvement as a moderator to examine whether the product involvement has a moderating effect between the two independent variables (brand image and product knowledge) and advertising effect. That is, the independent variables of this study are brand image and product knowledge; the dependent variables are advertisement attitude, brand attitude, and purchase intention; the moderating variable is product involvement. However, the results of this study are as following: 1. Brand image has a positive relation to the advertising effect significantly. 2. Product knowledge has a positive relation to the advertising effect significantly. 3. Product involvement has a positive relation to the advertising effect significantly. 4. Product involvement has no moderating effect between brand image and advertising effect. 5. Product involvement has no moderating effect between product knowledge and advertising effect.

Closure of tracheoesophageal fistula with two‐layer tracheal‐esophagoplasty and tracheal advancement

Closure of tracheoesophageal fistula with two‐layer tracheal‐esophagoplasty and tracheal advancement

Nespresso: Branding the "Ultimate Coffee Experience"

Nespresso: Branding the "Ultimate Coffee Experience"

Trendy shopping replacing traditional format preferences

The Indian retail sector is going through a transformation and the emerging market is witnessing a significant change in its growth pattern. Both existing and new players are experimenting with new retail formats. Consumers’ are also in favor of these retail formats for trendy shopping. The present paper is first of its kind to take the various important aspects together, namely, emerging retail formats, demographic factors and attributes affecting customers’ buying preferences from these retail formats for designing a framework. A self-structured questionnaire has been used for collecting the primary data from 500 urban consumers from major cities of Punjab in India. The study has used the descriptive statistics, ANOVA test and factor analysis for analyzing the data. The findings of the paper reveal that consumers’ prefer emerging retail formats due to its significant product attributes like improved quality, variety of brands and assortment of merchandise and store attributes like parking facility, trained sales personnel and complete security. The retail formats have been classified into two categories; malls, specialty stores and hyper/supermarkets are recognized as modern retail formats and discount stores, convenience stores and department stores are recognized as traditional retail formats. Key words: Retail formats, consumers, demography, product attributes, store attributes.

A travel report of the implementation of virtual whole slide images in routine surgical pathology

Virtual microscopy is the terminology used to indicate the use of digitized images of whole slides for inspection of cells and tissue sections on computer screens as an add-on or replacement for conventional microscopy using bright field or other types of illumination in combination with a wide variety of microscope brands. Although technically there is no longer a limit in the size and colour composition of the images, the logistics of embedding virtual microscopy in daily routine of a diagnostic process are still a relatively open area where new pitfalls and opportunities can be found. In this article, we described various aspects in the process. None of them had been planned in advance, but mostly originated from observations done during the different steps towards implementation of virtual microscopy in daily routine, for example, the choice between the different scanner types and their (dis)advantages, issues on storing and retrieval and at last, the effect of digitalization on the diagnostic process. This approach resulted in a manuscript that in a way has more the appearance of a story than of a scientific study with strict protocols, with a clear cut question in advance, a research plan and expected outcome. Depending on the purpose of the virtual slides in a given situation, different solutions must be found locally.

Whither tobacco product regulation?

Despite decades of industry innovation and regulatory efforts, the harmfulness of conventional cigarettes has not changed. There are several pitfalls in this area, including the long time lag before health...

Retail Price and Point of Sale Display of Tobacco in the UK: A Descriptive Study of Small Retailers

BackgroundSince the implementation of the 2002 Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act, point-of-sale (PoS) tobacco displays are one of few remaining means of communication between the tobacco industry and customers in the UK. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of tobacco displays in a UK city, and particularly to assess the tobacco prices and promotional offers, types and pack sizes on display.MethodsDigital pictures of PoS displays were taken in 117 small retail shops in Nottingham in mid 2010. Data were analysed using Windows Photo Gallery software and SPSS version 16.ResultsJust over half (52%) of cigarette packs on display were packs of 20, and 43% packs of 10. Cigarette prices differed substantially between brands, ranging from £4.19 to £6.85 for 20-packs, and from £2.12 to £3.59 for 10-packs. Forty four percent of cigarette packs and 40% of RYO (Roll-Your-Own) tobacco pouches, almost exclusively lower priced brands, were displayed with a pricemark, implying a promotional price offer. Eighty percent of 20-pack cigarette brand or brand variants on sale were priced below the EU-defined Most Popular Price Category (MPPC) for the UK in 2010; 45% were priced below the Weighted Average Price (WAP), which replaced the MPPC in 2011.ConclusionPoS displays communicate value by displaying a high proportion of lower cost brands, and smaller and hence lower-cost packs, and by displaying price discounts on packs. The MPPC substantially overestimated the prices at which most 20-cigarette packs were available. Removal of PoS displays will prevent this means of price marketing but our study also suggests that minimum pricing of 20-pack cigarettes, prohibition of sale of cigarettes in packs less than 20, and plain packaging to prevent pricemarking are necessary if price is to be used effectively as a tobacco control measure.

Consumer Satisfaction with Local Retail Diversity in the UK: Effects of Supermarket Access, Brand Variety, and Social Deprivation

Levels of concentration in the grocery sector have led to concerns about reduced diversity of local retail provision and its potential negative effects on consumer welfare and choice. Using empirical evidence from a study of consumer perceptions of retail choice across nine purposefully sampled neighbourhoods in the city of Worcester in the UK, the paper illuminates consumer satisfaction with local provision and investigates how satisfaction varies with the local mix of grocery stores. The study adopts a stated-preference approach with realistic but hypothetical scenarios being presented to consumers in which the level, form, brand composition, and accessibility of local retail provision is systematically varied to gauge the sensitivity of householders in different types of neighbourhoods to variations in local retail assortments. The contributions of the paper are reflected in three main findings: (1) residents value having a large supermarket close by and reveal that they value diversity of provision rather than overconcentration; (2) consumers in deprived areas overall display greater satisfaction for the same offer than consumers in less deprived areas; and (3) although small stores in a local store assortment significantly contribute to reducing dissatisfaction with the local retail offer, they contribute little to achieving higher levels of consumer satisfaction. The study stresses the need for planners and policy makers to maximise choice and welfare through both the number and the diversity of stores in local neighbourhood areas.

Alcohol Brand Preferences of Underage Youth: Results from a Pilot Survey Among a National Sample

ABSTRACT This study is the first investigation to explore the alcohol brand preferences of underage youth via a national survey. The authors conducted a pilot study of a new, Internet-based alcohol brand survey with 108 youth aged 16 to 20 years who were recruited from an existing panel and had consumed alcohol in the past month. The authors ascertained respondents’ consumption of each of 380 alcohol brands during the past 30 days, including which brands of alcohol were consumed during heavy drinking episodes. The findings suggest that, despite the wide variety of alcohol brands consumed by older adolescents in this study, the volume of alcohol consumed is concentrated among a relatively small number of brands. Accurate measurements of alcohol brand preferences will enable important new research into the factors that influence youth drinking behavior. This study establishes the feasibility and validity of a new methodology to determine patterns of brand-specific alcohol consumption among underage drinkers.

The effect of pistachio shells as a visual cue in reducing caloric consumption

It was hypothesized that pistachio shells left in sight as visual cues of consumption will cause individuals to consume less. A convenience sample of faculty and staff at a mid-western university ( n = 118) were recruited as subjects for the study. The subjects were told they were going to evaluate a variety of brands of pistachios and were surveyed at the end of each day to determine their fullness and satisfaction. The subjects were offered pistachios on their desks for an 8-h period on two separate days and were able to consume the pistachios at their leisure during that time. Subjects began each day with a sixteen ounce bowl filled with four ounces of pistachios in the shell. They were also provided with a second sixteen ounce bowl, in which they were instructed to place the empty shells from the pistachios they consumed. Every 2 h throughout the day pistachios were added in two ounce increments. In condition one, the shells remained in the bowls until the end of the day, whereas in condition two, the shell bowls were emptied every 2 h throughout the day. In condition one, subjects consumed an average of 216 calories. In condition two, subjects consumed an average of 264 calories, a difference of 48 calories. Subjects in condition one consumed significantly ( p ≤ .05) fewer calories, yet fullness and satisfaction ratings were not significantly ( p ≥ .05) different between conditions. Leaving pistachio shells as a visual cue to consumption may help consumers consume fewer calories. Learning outcomes: Individuals will be aware of the impact of visual cues of dietary intake on total food consumption.

Analysis of the Serviced Apartments Sector and Its Prospects in Southeast Asia

Serviced apartments are a distinct and sometimes neglected form of accommodation which is growing in commercial significance in the Southeast Asian region and beyond, marked by the emergence and expansion of international companies offering a variety of brands. Traditionally located in cities and targeting business travelers, there may be unrealized potential at alternative sites related to leisure tourists. Beach resorts and vacationers are one such opportunity, but there are constraints on development evidenced by market conditions in the popular thai destinations of Phuket and Pattaya. The analysis of key attributes and trends concludes with some suggestions about avenues for further research.

Market Analysis for Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs): The Case of Turkey

Nowadays, MVNOs are entering the market with the aim of providing new services in the mobile telecommunications industry. Current studies show that having an active and sizable mobile communications market, owning the necessary technological infrastructure, and developing the imperative regulations are critically important factors for MVNO market development. In this respect, this study aims to portray the state of MVNOs in the global market and analyze the potential of the Turkish market. At the global level, MVNOs are rapidly developing in countries where the GSM market is already active and the consumer market hosts many segments with the potential to respond to different types of value-added services. As for Turkey, this market carries a high potential because of its active mobile communications industry providing a rich base of potential customers and an extensive variety of brands, companies, or institutions that could be willing to enter this new business realm.

In-shell pistachio nuts reduce caloric intake compared to shelled nuts

It was hypothesized that consuming in-shell pistachios, compared to shelled pistachios, causes individuals to consume less. A convenience sample of students at a mid-western university ( n = 140) was recruited, asking them to evaluate a variety of brands of pistachios. A survey at the end of class determined fullness and satisfaction. Subjects entering the classroom were given a 16-ounce cup and asked to self-select a portion of pistachios. Portion weight was recorded and subjects consumed pistachios at their leisure during class. At class end, pistachios remaining in the cup were weighed and total consumption by weight was determined. The caloric content of each portion was then calculated. In condition one, subjects offered in-shell pistachios consumed an average of 125 calories. In condition two, subjects offered shelled pistachios consumed an average of 211 calories; a difference of 86 calories. Subjects in condition one consumed 41% fewer calories compared to subjects in condition two ( p ≤ .01). Fullness and satisfaction ratings were not significantly different ( p ≥ .01). Caloric intake was influenced by the initial form of the food. The difference in calories consumed may be due to the additional time needed to shell the nuts or the extra volume perceived when consuming in-shell nuts.

Retailer’s Perspective on Support Services Offered by Vembanad White Cement

Buying behavior of consumers in Cement industry is greatly influenced by retailers as they are the last point in the distribution channel and have a direct understanding of consumer’s requirements. The retailers experience firsthand reactions of customers on product, services and quality assessments. In practice, it is very easy for a retailer to impress on the customer with a change in brand even at the very last moment. Because cement retailing is not exclusive and variety of competitive brands is available in the same outlet, it is important that the manufacturing company take great efforts to satisfy the retailers and keep their “support service levels” very high. The research through a field survey explores retailer’s perspective on support services offered by Vembanad White Cement. Suggestions are given to the company on increasing support services to the retailers through efficient complaint handling, credits and processing speed to enable smooth transactions between the retailers and the customers. Retailer’s satisfaction would influence buying behavior of end customers in a positive way. Proactive and personal approach from the company will make the retailers take interest to pass positive feedbacks to the consumers on product and its quality. In the buying process, recommendations from the retailers are the final step in sealing sales with the customers. Hence it is important to understand the retailer’s suggestions for improvements in service levels. Implementing these improvements will not only promote positive attitude of the retailers, in turn, it will also pass on as positive word of mouth to the customers encouraging larger client base and profits to the company.