Variety Of Languages Research Articles

Грамматический статус синтетического показателя сравнения -ДАй в казахском языке

The paper defines the grammatical status of the Kazakh affix -DAy. It is an all-Turkic form grammaticalized relatively recently from a comparative postposition. In Turkic languages, postpositions have been identified as a recognized mechanism for the grammaticalization of novel case forms. Sometimes, the process of grammaticalization remains incomplete, with forms being produced that are often defined as case suffixes, derivational morphemes, or postposition affixes. The status of the affix -DAy/-DIy varies across Turkic languages and should be defined for each Turkic language individually. The turcological literature often debates its status, even within the same Turkic language. Our research focuses on analyzing the morphonological, morphosyntactic, and accentual characteristics of the -DAy form in the Kazakh language. The analysis based on different criteria has defined -DAy as a young equative-similative case morpheme. However, our experimental study has revealed variations in the accentual patterns of word forms with the affix -DAy in different Kazakh varieties, including the Standard Kazakh (the literary variant used in Kazakhstan) and those spoken in Mongolia and China. The variety spoken in Mongolia and China demonstrates a more pronounced grammaticalization of the affix -DAy as a case marker, compared to Standard Kazakh. None-theless, the distinctions are subtle and demand further exploration. Thus, the pace of grammaticalization processes differs even among local varieties of the same language. The use of experimental methods can provide clarity on the status of these entities.

APLAN: open assembly planning framework in FreeCAD

In the latest decade, the consumer’s desire for personalisation has clearly taken of, challenging manufacturers to diversify their product portfolio while maintaining the same (or near) mass-produced prices. As a result, production is nowadays geared towards low volumes with high variety for which adaptive assembly systems are required. Hence, being able to automatically map out the assembly of complex products yields significant strategic advantages over competing manufacturers. Although a wide range of assembly sequencing algorithms have been developed in the past, researchers and companies still experience intellectual and financial thresholds to applying these software packages themselves. Either the algorithms have to be largely re-engineered from scientific literature, or are offered as part of costly commercial CAD software in the form of plugins and add-ons. However, in some cases, the developed source code is made publicly available via online collaboration platforms though in a variety of programming languages and often requiring the cumbersome installation of additional software libraries.Out of these needs, the proposed APLAN module arose: a software framework allowing developers to share their (dis)assembly planning algorithms in a centralised, uniform manner through the open-source 3D parametric modelling software FreeCAD. As impetus, several in-house developed algorithms for determining topological and geometrical (dis)assembly constraints are included as well as an academic (dis)assembly planner. Previously, such algorithms had to be executed via the terminal, after which the extensive liaison, blocking, and AND/OR graphs were outputted as text or static images. Through APLAN, users are now able to inspect and edit these graphs interactively and dynamically. To conclude, this manuscript finally reports on the benchmarking of the aforementioned connection and obstruction detectors, and their academic and industrial application for human-robot collaboration.

КОРРЕЛЯЦИЯ ВАРИАНТОВ ПОЛИНАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ИСПАНСКОГО ЯЗЫКА В СТРАНАХ ЛАТИНСКОЙ АМЕРИКИ

The article discusses the problem of language variation of the Spanish polynational language using axiological factor. The significance of the chosen topic is stipulated by the fact that axiological-linguistic approach allows us to mark out valuable submissions of the Hispanic and to show how this approach determines the use of lexical units in speech and behavior of communicators and communicants. The purpose of the article is to identify the cultural identity and ethnic values of the Hispanic. Based of the comparative method of lexical units, the significance of the value of “traditions and culture”, “gastronomy”, “the worship of beauty”, “respect to a communication partner” is determined and the implementation of these concepts in national varieties of the Spanish language is shown.

КОРПУСНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ФРАЗОВЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ В ВАРИАНТАХ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

Corpus-based studies of phrasal verbs have pointed to different features of phrasal verbs. The aim of this research is to compare phrasal verbs functioning in different varieties of the English language – the varieties from the Inner Circle and the varieties from the Expanding Circle. For this purpose, the corpus data are used. Statistical analysis is carried out with the help of R software environment for statistical computing. The results show that phrasal verbs are used less frequently in the Russian corpus in comparison with native (British and American) corpora. Besides, it is found out that some phrasal verbs are used in the Russian corpus differently from native corpora.

ИРЛАНДСКОЕ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА АВСТРАЛИЙСКИЙ ВАРИАНТ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА И КУЛЬТУРУ

The article focuses on the lexical, grammatical and phonetic composition of the Australian English language (AusE), which was mainly influenced by the Irish variety of English (IrE). The Australian variety had practically emerged by the 19th century and reflected not only British dialects, but also many historical processes, namely the migration of white people to the continent, mainly from Ireland, which had a direct impact on the formation of the Australian variety of the English language. In this form, it has been generally preserved to this day. The character of the Australians, which they are proud of and which makes them special, is also acquired from the Irish, who moved to the "ever-green continent" with their traditions, enriching the local population with their culture. Toponymic names of geographical objects on the map of Australia also appeared due to Irish borrowings. The Irish influence on the language and culture of Australia will be discussed in this article.

Deep Learning based Named Entity Recognition for the Bodo Language

One of the important application of natural language processing (NLP) is Name Entity Recognition (NER). It automatically recognise and categorise named entities in a document. Named Entities can be the name of an individual, group, place, etc. It is crucial to the success of NER applications including text summarization, machine translation and information extraction and retrieval. It is one of the most useful application tools for a variety of topics and languages. Despite its widespread use and effectiveness in English, this field is currently under investigation for other Indian languages, such as Bodo. Due to the lack of resources and a high-quality dataset, NER in Bodo is a difficult task. In this research, a deep learning-based NER tagger is investigated for the Bodo language and NER tagged dataset is generated for Bodo language using Docanno and enlarge the dataset size by employing a data augmentation technique. As there is no Bodo NER baseline model to compared with, we employed several deep learning techniques for Bodo NER System and compared their results. We achieved an accuracy of 99.62%, precision of 99.75%, recall of 98.74% and F-score of 99.35% when employed with LSTM and character based. This study also highlights GRU and CNN based models performance in Bodo NER task.

Переклад дієслів, що вводять пряму мову, у британській літературі (на прикладі серії романів Дж. Страуда «Агенція «Локвуд і Ко»)

The peculiarities of the Ukrainian translation of verbs that introduce direct speech in the texts of works of British fiction are clarified in the article. The texts of the Ukrainian translations of Jonathan Stroud’s «Lockwood & Co.» series of novels are analyzed by the author. It was found out that the problem of semantic and stylistic interpretation of direct speech and the selection of verbs that introduce direct speech when translating English works of fiction into Ukrainian is a constantly relevant one and causes active discussions among translation experts, linguists and critics. In particular, there are significant differences in the opinions of scientists regarding the expediency and legality of using lexical substitutions to specify verbs when translating into Ukrainian. While some researchers believe that translators do not sufficiently use the synonymous variety of the Ukrainian language in order to diversify it and emphasize the artistic text, other translation experts and critics are convinced that such translation substitutions are unacceptable changes to the original artistic text and demonstrate an incorrect the translator’s approach to their work. Thus, translation techniques, which some scholars consider to be successful and creative tools that help to align the original text with the norms of Ukrainian stylistics, others consider to be a serious violation and unlawful distortion of the original author’s artistic work. It has been proved that the second approach is typical for researchers from Western countries, which is largely caused by the peculiarities of cultures and, as a result, is reflected in the norms of western European languages.

РЕАКЦИЯ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА НА ВОСПРИЯТИЕ ВАРИАНТОВ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

The varieties of the English language (World Englishes) have been thoroughly studied and described in multiple works that list the distinctive features of each. Nevertheless, a huge amount of textual data regularly published in World Englishes requires research and analysis from the point of view of the cultural identity of the author and their variety of English. In this regard, there is a need for effective tools for analysis and recognition of the English of the text. This paper focuses on the study of the effectiveness of ChatGPT, developed as a pre-trained AI model, in text analysis of translingual literature created in different varieties of English. The study is an attempt to assess the volume and degree to which AI is able to recognize extra-linguistic information that conveys the intentions, cultural specifics and identity of native and non-native speakers of English.

Language demands in undergraduate mathematics courses

This study examines language demands in undergraduate university mathematics classes with a view to better preparing and supporting international and other culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students in the United States universities. We observed and analyzed the language demands of 13 entry-level mathematics classes across two large universities. Findings showed that mathematics instruction required extensive and varied listening skills requiring students to listen to long and uninterrupted stretches of sometimes fast paced speech. Technical vocabulary contributed to the language demands, but instructors used both academic and colloquial varieties of language in instruction, interweaving mathematical nouns with phrasal verbs to explain mathematical processes. We suggest a greater focus on development of academic listening skills in English language classes as well as potential collaboration with mathematics campus resources and faculty for additional student support for preparing CLD students for potential future discourse practices.

Umsetzung des DACH-Prinzips in den Sprachkursen im Österreich Institut Polen

The implementation of the DACH principle takes place in the language courses offered by the Austrian Institute in Poland. The institute’s goal is to acknowledge the diversity of the German-speaking world and provide learners with language skills and cultural insights. To put the DACH principle into practice, the Austrian Institute uses various sources, such as textbooks and online sources. Each class addresses differences in vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling, grammar, and pragmatics. It is emphasized that not all regional variants of German need to be discussed and covered in detail. Mastery of all language varieties is not required, instead, learners are encouraged to be aware of the existence of different variants. The fundamental goal is to sensitize learners to the diversity and multiperspectivity of the German-speaking world and teach them appropriate responses if they do not understand regional expressions. The following article presents selected methods for implementing the DACH principle.

Analysis of Language Variants and Social Differences from the Perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics— A Case Study of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Analysis of Language Variants and Social Differences from the Perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics— A Case Study of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Are We Missing Early-onset Frontotemporal Dementia as Late-onset Primary Psychiatric Disorder? A Case Series

Abstract Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) presents with a wide variability in clinical progressive syndromes, genetic etiologies, and underlying pathologies. Early diagnosis of combined features of behavioral and language variants of FTD poses a clinical challenge due to its complex heterogeneous clinical presentations, phenotypical overlap, and frequent normal neuroimaging during the initial phase. This masquerading nature has often led to unintended “misdiagnoses,” as typical dementia features evolve late. The enigmatic resemblance of early-onset (<65 years of age) FTD with a range of late-onset (>45 years of age) primary psychiatric disorders emphasizes the need for high index of clinical suspicion, thorough family history for neurocognitive disorders, and regular follow-up of such individuals. We describe the clinical profile and management of four cases of combined variant FTD (cvFTD) that clinically mimicked late-onset psychiatric disorders such as catatonia, depressive disorder, psychosis, and personality changes. Parkinsonian-like features and mid-brain atrophy in FTD may indicate phenotypical overlap and shared neuropathology with progressive supranuclear palsy.

Exploring Standard English: Its Superposed Variety, Historical Development, and Social Implications

The English we learn in the classroom is called “Standard English”. In fact, Standard English is just one of the many dialectal variants of English. Although Standard English has a significant number of speakers in the UK, its relationship to other language variants of English is similar to that between Mandarin and the various dialects in China. Standard English is acknowledged as a superposed variant considering its development in the history and social context. This thesis will attempt to identify the historical and social factors that promote the continuous development and spread of Standard English through a comprehensive literature review and qualitative research, and explore the social and cultural implications of using Standard English as the normative standard.

模因论下网络暴力语言生成机制及特征研究

As an emerging language variant, researchers have made many efforts from different perspectives to address online violence language. Dawkins believes that human society is full of memes, and everything people learn is memes. Memetics, as a new theory, aims to explain the relationship between language and culture. Undoubtedly, memetics provides a new perspective for linguistics, and many scholars have been studying this theory for a long time. At the same time, we also noticed that previous research has left a lot of research space for this typical theory. Otherwise, language is constantly changing. Therefore, the variation and development of human language directly affect its evolution. Memetics provides a new perspective for analyzing online language. On the other hand, from the perspective of research on language memes, there is insufficient attention paid to the dynamic generation of language memes and a lack of a systematic and comprehensive conceptual framework for meme language. Network language is a product of the information age background and a typical language variant. Therefore, analyzing its complex generation and evolution process is of great significance for the development of language. This article is based on meme theory and focuses on language variants of online violence. Mainly studying the language variants of online violence used by young Chinese netizens. Based on the definition of online violence language, in order to better analyze the variants of online violence language, the author screened some typical online violence events from 2011 to 2021. Based on the fact that there are a large number of language variants of online violence and popular internet slang, the author has built a corpus to better analyze this language variant. All texts are collected from some influential websites, such as Weibo, QQ, WeChat, Tiktok, etc. In addition, some data is collected from real-world communication. The collected language variants of online violence are representative and widely disseminated.

Northern Kresy Polish – a Summary of Research

This article presents a concise overview of research on the Northern Kresy variety of the Polish language (polszczyzna północnokresowa). There is extensive literature on the subject, but there is still no comprehensive bibliography which would accurately document the rich legacy of several generations of researchers working in this field of study. Northern Kresy Polish is a variety of the Polish language which formed in the historical Slavic-Baltic borderland, mainly as a result of the processes of Polonisation of the local population. Contacts between various ethnolinguistic communities resulted in significant social and territorial diversity of Northern Kresy Polish in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The differences between its variants consist mainly in the frequency of features and the scale of influence of local languages and dialects on the grammatical system and vocabulary of Polish. Nevertheless, it is possible to identify a set of constitutive features of Northern Kresy Polish which function throughout its entire geographical area. Currently, Northern Kresy Polish is defined as the language of the Polish minority in Belarus, Lithuania and Latvia. It is apparent that the Polish language in all of these countries is in decline.

An Analysis of The Language Variations of Luwunese Through Speech Acts (Fokus: Luwu, North Luwu, and East Luwu)

The main objectives of this research were to determine the differences of language variation in the use of regional language especially Luwu, North Luwu and East Luwu in South Sulawesi area. The descriptive qualitative research method was applied by the researcher. The research was conducted at Luwu, North Luwu and East Luwu. The researcher describes that variety of luwu, North Luwu and East Luwu. In this research the researcher using purposive sampling, the researcher observed and interviewed all of the respondents who from Luwu, North Luwu, and East Luwu. The researcher used video recording and field notes to conduct observation. Respondents’ activities and attitudes social was captured on video. Meanwhile, the researcher used field notes to obtain more accurate data. Based on the observation that The language variation in Luwu were different with the language North Luwu people and East Luwu, because the variation Luwu language has same the similarity language spoken Buginese people and near also from the land of Buginese are. There were several factors that caused language variations of Luwunese including internal factors such as self perception, perception of language, language difficulties , and external factors such as social judgment. The factors divided into three categories: linguistic factors, which cover linguistic difficulties, psychological factors, and environmental factors. As a result, it is suggested that the researcher and reader get to know more about the language variations of Luwunese. By becoming acquainted with the language variations of Luwunese, the people has to study about the language of variety, in order that can helping communicate with the kind.

Synonymy in the Ukrainian language and the problems of surzhyk (case study of synonyms with the meaning ‘probably’)

Background. In Ukrainian, the parenthetical modifier mabut’ ‘probably’ has more than 20 synonymous constructions and thus counts among lexical units with largests sets of synonyms. At the same time, in colloquial speech, mabut’ is often replaced by navjerno, which comes from Russian. Replacement of inherited lexicon with borrowings was related to the respective language policy and political situation.Сontribution to the research field. The paper discusses the reasons that contribute to the retention of foreign elements in modern colloquial speech in the case of competition mabut’/navjerno; such studies are important from the point of view of studying the interaction between the literary language and other varieties of the national language, as well as identifying the ingredients of surzhуk.Purpose. In this paper we are going to trace the use of lexeme mabut’ in the lexicographic, literary and spoken practice of the 19–21st centuries and to clarify the reasons behind the displacement of the inherited word by a foreign one in colloquial use.Methods. Using major lexicographic works of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, corpora, materials of the Atlas of the Ukrainian Language, dialect textbooks, etc., a comparative lexicographic synchronic-diachronic analysis of the meanings of lexeme mabut’ is carried out, the geography of distribution of mabut’ and its synonyms is traced.Results. The competition between mabut’ and naverno is analysed taking into consideration all the meanings of mabut’ witnessed in dictionaries of different periods, its synonyms and attestations in the Ukrainian dialects and standard-oriented written practice. The closest synonyms in the early 20th-century dictionaries are lybon’, pevne, des’, in the Soviet-era dictionaries, respectivеly, pevno and očevydno. In the dialects, the form mabut’ prevails in the southeastern dialects with numerous phonetic variants; in the southwestern dialects lexical synonyms abound. A dialect of the Masheve village of the Chernobyl districts exhibits semantically close synonyms mabut’, vidno, može, novjerno.Discussion. Discussion. Navjerno, an element of surzhyk, in many contexts is an absolute synonym of mabut’. The use of navjerno in the early 20th century texts as a stylistic means and its attestation in the Atlas of the Ukrainian language and modern dialects are arguments for an early borrowing into Ukrainian. A great variety of phonetic variants of mabut’ and limited functional sphere of the standard language precluded entrenchment of a single standard lexical unit in everyday speech. Recent texts show that the borrowing is being supplanted by the inherited Ukrainian mabut’.

The Structure and usages of future forms in Classical Sinhalese Literature

This research paper is presented to identify the morphological and practical approaches to the future verb appearing in the prose language of classical Sinhalese. According to records, five formations of the future verb can be identified. This shows that the future verbs of the Sinhalese language were not clearly identifiable in classical literature. Therefore, it is possible to observe how different formations were used to convey the same linguistic meaning. There are two future formations in the traditional standard grammar of Sinhalese. According to the facts found in religious texts which were written in the Classical Sinhalese Period, some other formations of future verbs are realized. This research is mainly based on the qualitative research method. The data is collected from primary and secondary resources. The future forms used in the Classical Sinhalese Period are taken into account in this research. The religious texts such as Dharma Pradīpikā, Amāvaturǝ, Butsarǝɳǝ, Pūɟāvəlijə, Saddharmə Ratnāvəlijə, and Pansijəpaɳas Ɉātəkə Potə are considered as main primary resources in the research. These literary works which were written in the Classical Sinhalese Period have been selected for the research because they represent the written and spoken varieties, the standard and non-standard varieties of the Sinhalese language. The data collected from the texts is categorized and analyzed according to the relevant formations of the future tense. According to the facts found in the above-mentioned religious texts, there are five formations of future forms. They are as follows: the future form with future meaning, the future form with present meaning, the adverb of (future) time with the future verb form, the adverb of (future) time with the present verb form and the representation of the future meaning by the present form. Therefore, two future formations of traditional grammar are developed up to five in the Classical Sinhalese literature.

Student Perceptions of Community-Engaged Scholarship Courses: Developing a Sociolinguistic Corpus on the U.S.–Mexico Border

Community-based sociolinguistic corpora are collections of informal interviews with community members who comprise an important dataset in sociolinguistics. Although some scholars have involved students in developing sociolinguistic corpora, few studies have examined students’ perspectives on these projects. Furthermore, very few studies examine the perceptions of underrepresented college students who are themselves members of the surrounding community. The present study analyzes the perceptions of students involved in community-engaged scholarship (CES) courses at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley on the U.S.–Mexico border. In these CES courses, predominantly Mexican American students contribute to the documentation of language in South Texas through the Corpus Bilingüe del Valle (Christoffersen & Bessett, 2019). A qualitative analysis of 38 student responses reveals six significant themes: a greater knowledge of transcription, increased connection with one’s own community, enhanced understanding from experiential learning and research experience, development of professional skills, a heightened appreciation of local language varieties, and pride in participating in a large-scale research project. These responses demonstrate the benefits of CES and serve to encourage sociolinguists to incorporate community-based corpora development in linguistics and language classes. More broadly, the results highlight the importance and impact of CES experiences for underrepresented college students, especially those incorporating course-based undergraduate research experiences.

Sytuacja socjolingwistyczna mniejszości bułgarskiej na południowo‑wschodniej Ukrainie

The subject of the research is the Bulgarian minority living in the south‑eastern areas of Ukraine. The aim of the article is to present the sociolinguistic situation of this minority. Particular attention was paid to the use of the Bulgarian language in the family and neighborhood sphere. The determinants that maintain or lead to the disappearance of the Bulgarian culture and language in the Zaporozhye region are indicated. Field research among the Bulgarian minority was conducted in 2013–2022 on the margin of research that was conducted among the Polish minority in this region. The leaders emphasized that no one at home uses the Bulgarian language, although some people remember how their grandparents once used the dialectal variety of the Bulgarian language. In the neighborhood environment, no one speaks Bulgarian in this area either. No one speaks Bulgarian in the families, and Bulgarian is not spoken in the neighborhood either. Living in a linguistically different environment was conducive to rapid assimilation to most of the Russian language. In the family sphere and intergenerational transmission, only Russian is present. The research results also make it possible to indicate the reasons for the loss of linguistic continuity among the Bulgarian minority in the Zaporizhia region. Currently, representatives of the Bulgarian minority are learning Ukrainian.