Variations In Style Research Articles

Ilaria Ramelli’s History of the ‘Apokatastasis Doctrine’: A Critical Assessment of Evidence from before Origen

Abstract In this article, the treatment of early Christian literature from before Origen in Ilaria Ramelli’s monographs The Christian Doctrine of Apokatastasis and (co-authored with David Konstan) Terms for Eternity is subject to critique. When Ramelli claims that the early literature shared the idea of temporary punishment after death, thus forming the ‘roots’ of the doctrine of apokatastasis, a clear distinction between early and later concepts and interpretations is missing. The argument that αἰώνιος in eschatological contexts should not mean ‘eternal’, but rather ‘in the world to come’, is untenable, inter alia because this supposed sense of αἰώνιος would duplicate the same information in the phrase ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τῷ ἐρχομένῳ ζωὴν αἰώνιον (Mark 10:30). The article also demonstrates the incorrectness of Ramelli’s arguments that the texts contain contrasting relations between the words αἰώνιος and ἀΐδιος and κόλασις and τιμωρία, respectively, with only ἀΐδιος indicating a strictly eternal future, and κόλασις a purifying temporary chastisement. These arguments contain a number of methodological errors: the meaning of words is not sought in the contexts in which they are used, and the possibility of stylistic variation is not taken into account.

Visualizing Learning: Evolution of Styles and Pedagogical Strategies in Teacher Education

This study investigates the relationship between learning styles and the teaching-learning process in university students of Primary Education, utilizing the Felder and Silverman model. A descriptive and statistical analysis of learning styles (visual, auditory, and kinesthetic) among 157 students was conducted using Google Forms surveys and SPSS analysis. The results show a predominance of the visual style, suggesting that teaching methods commonly used by faculty may have influenced the modification of students' Learning Styles to include more visual resources. The absence of the kinesthetic style is discussed, thus raising the hypothesis to be tested in ongoing studies that traditional educational methodology may influence the evolution of learning styles. This study highlights the importance of recognizing and adapting teaching strategies to predominant learning styles to enhance the effectiveness of the educational process. The findings suggest the need to integrate more visual resources into teaching while considering the variability and potential evolution of learning styles due to the educational methodology employed.

Real-time identification of collapsed buildings triggered by natural disasters using a modified object-detection network with quasi-panchromatic images

ABSTRACT During disaster response, it is very important to obtain the information of collapsed building distribution accurately and quickly. However, limited by some practical factors, existed methods often suffer from the contradiction between the accuracy and efficiency of building damage extraction. This paper proposed a simple and effective framework to rapid recognize collapsed building objects using pre-disaster building distribution maps and post-disaster quasi-panchromatic remote sensing images. The proposed method is validated using several historical disasters in the xBD dataset and tested using three cases of earthquakes in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency. In addition, we have verified that the texture information of optical remote sensing images can be used as the main basis to judge whether a building is collapsed or not, so the panchromatic images are sufficient to enable the deep learning model to correctly recognize collapsed buildings. The experimental results indicate that using quasi-panchromatic images can alleviate the influence of style variations and diverse roof colors present in multi-spectral images on the model’s generalization performance, resulting in an average overall accuracy improvement of 2.4%. Additionally, the reduced data volume leads to an improvement in inference efficiency.

Univerbation is a problematic way of word formation in German language

The article analyzes derivational univerbation as one of the forms of compression functioning in word formation. Univerbation is a merging, pulling together of a free or stable word combination, a sentence or a sentence fragment into one verbal whole. The new word-forming construction in its form corresponds with one word, and in its semantics with the whole word combination. It is not uncommon for a new word to “absorb” the meaning of the context. The activity of universalization is closely connected with the need for “economical” nominations of new concepts, as well as with the need for stylistic variation of the name. This way of word formation allows creating compact, economical, concise and succinct forms of expressing thoughts without special speech efforts. The problematic character of this derivational model is that there is an extended interpretation of the essence of word formation methods.

한글 자형에 대한 일본인 입문 학습자의 시각적 인식 양상 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the visual recognition of Hangul consonants among Japanese beginner learners using data from a visual recognition survey. It aims to identify the consonants that learners find visually challenging to distinguish and to provide educational implications for the instruction of Hangul characters at the introductory level.
 Methods An online survey using Google Forms was conducted among 129 Japanese beginner learners studying Korean as an elective liberal arts course at universities in Japan. This survey involved two rounds of visual recog-nition tests on 19 consonant characters. The tests were employing a form constancy testing method where partic-ipants were required to identify Hangul characters that matched the form of the given examples.
 Results In comparison to the first survey, the average score of the second survey increased by 0.39 points, but the difference between the average scores of the first and second surveys was not statistically significant. It was also confirmed that the order of learning Hangul characters and their frequency of appearance did not have a sig-nificant effect on the visual recognition of character forms. In the error analysis of Japanese beginner learners, er-rors due to native language, target language, and curriculum were found, and some errors due to native language and target language were interpreted as errors due to the influence of font styles.
 Conclusions Japanese beginner learners encounter difficulties in the visual recognition of Hangul characters dur-ing the Korean language learning process. Exposure to these characters in textbooks is insufficient for accurate recognition of their forms, necessitating continuous character form education. It is particularly noted that the de-tailed features of Hangul characters and variations in font styles are significant factors for Japanese learners. This approach is anticipated to serve as foundational data for enhancing understanding of Hangul character learning and for developing effective teaching methods.

Performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Powered Chatbots in the Assessment of Medical Case Reports: Qualitative Insights From Simulated Scenarios.

Introduction With the expanding awareness and use of AI-powered chatbots, it seems possible that an increasing number of people could use them to assess and evaluate their medical symptoms. If chatbots are used for this purpose, that have not previously undergone a thorough medical evaluation for this specific use, various risks might arise. The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the performance of popular chatbots in differentiating between severe and less critical medical symptoms described from a patient's perspective and to examinethe variations in substantive medical assessment accuracy and empathetic communication style among the chatbots' responses. Materials and methods Our study compared three different AI-supported chatbots - OpenAI's ChatGPT 3.5, Microsoft's Bing Chat, and Inflection's Pi AI. Three exemplary case reports for medical emergencies as well as three cases without an urgent reason for an emergency medical admission were constructed and analyzed. Each case report was accompanied by identical questions concerning the most likely suspected diagnosis and the urgency of an immediate medical evaluation. The respective answers of the chatbots were qualitatively compared with each other regarding the medical accuracy of the differential diagnoses mentioned and the conclusions drawn, as well as regarding patient-oriented and empathetic language. Results All examined chatbots were capable of providing medically plausible and probable diagnoses and classifying situations as acute or less critical. However, their responses varied slightly in the level of their urgency assessment. Clear differences could be seen in the level of detail of the differential diagnoses, the overall length of the answers, and how the chatbot dealt with the challenge of being confronted with medical issues. All given answers were comparable in terms of empathy level and comprehensibility. Conclusion Even AI chatbots that are not designed for medical applications already offer substantial guidance in assessing typical medical emergency indications but should always be provided with a disclaimer. In responding to medical queries, characteristic differences emerge among chatbots in the extent and style of their respective answers. Given the lack of medical supervision of many established chatbots, subsequent studies, and experiences are essential to clarify whether a more extensive use of these chatbots for medical concerns will have a positive impact on healthcare or rather pose major medical risks.

The Influence of Participative Leadership Style on Job Satisfaction with Organizational Citizenship Behavior as a Moderating Variable

Researchers believe that a leadership style that involves subordinates/employees in deciding things, is interactive with subordinates, has good closeness, and gives trust to employees can increase employee job satisfaction. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the influence of Participative Leadership Style on employee job satisfaction. Different from previous research, this research adds the Organizational Citizenship Behavior variable as a moderating variable which researchers believe can strengthen the influence of the Participative Leadership Style variable on Job Satisfaction. This research is quantitative research with an explanatory approach. The data used in this research is classified as primary data because the data collection method uses a questionnaire method which is distributed online to 300 Bank Permata employees spread throughout Indonesia. These data are used using the smart PLS 4.0 analysis tool. The result in this article show that Participative Leadership Style variable has a positive relationship and a significant influence on Job Satisfaction because the P-Values results are positive and are below the 0.05 significance level, namely 0.006. Apart from that, the Organizational Citizenship Behavior variable can moderate the influence of the Participative Leadership Style variable on job satisfaction because the positive p-values are below 0.05, namely 0.000. Even smaller than direct testing, 0.006. Thus, the first and second hypotheses in this research can be accepted and proven.

Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Motivasi, Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing partially and simultaneously the independent variables, namely Leadership Style, Motivation and Work Discipline, on the dependent variable, namely Employee Performance. This research was conducted at PT. Champ Resto Indonesia Bekasi branch. The data analysis used is the classical analysis test and multiple regression analysis, to test and prove the research hypothesis using the SPSS Version 26 application. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 51 employees at PT. Champ Resto Indonesia Bekasi branch. Partially the results show that the Leadership Style variable has a significant effect on Employee Performance, with the results showing t-count (4.017) > t-table (2.012) sig (0.01) < (0.05) the Motivation variable has a significant effect on Performance Employees, with the results showing t-count (3.045) > t-table (2.012) sig (0.03) < (0.05). And the Work Discipline variable has a significant effect on Employee Performance, with t-count results (4.496) > (2.012) sig (0.00) < (0.05). Simultaneously, the results obtained from this research are that the Leadership Style, Motivation and Work Discipline variables simultaneously have a significant effect on the Employee Performance variable with results showing f-count (7.998) > f-table (2.80) sig (0.00) < (0.05). Contribution of Leadership Style, Motivation and Work Discipline to PT Employee Performance. Champ Resto Indonesia Bekasi Branch 68.1%.

Effectiveness of Advanced Organizer Learning Strategies on the Achievement of Fiqh with Varied Cognitive Styles

This study aimed to ascertain the treatment variable's primary influence and interaction effect on learning achievement in the Fiqh course. This study used a quasi-experimental approach, namely the nonequivalent control group design. The participants of the study were divided into two classes, namely Class A and Class B. A random process is conducted in the selection of the study subject class. In contrast, allocating students within each class is considered a fixed entity (intact group) that cannot be altered. The gathered data underwent statistical inference processing utilizing the two-lane 2x2 variant analysis technique. The findings indicated significant variations in learning outcomes in Fiqh courses between two groups of students instructed using different advanced organizer strategies, namely mind maps and concept maps. Additionally, no significant disparity in student achievement in Fiqh courses was observed between students with field dependence and field independence cognitive styles. Furthermore, no interaction effect was found between the learning strategies of advanced organizer types (mind maps and concept maps) and field dependence and field independence cognitive styles on learning achievement in Fiqh courses. The descriptive statistics analysis indicates that implementing the mind map advance organizer strategy (mean 78.59) exhibits a higher level of effectiveness than the concept map advance organizer strategy (mean 67.61) in enhancing student academic performance. It can be inferred that the advanced organizer technique known as the mind map type is consistently more effective than the concept map type, irrespective of variations in cognitive styles. In essence, using mind maps as an advanced organizer by students renders the consideration of cognitive style unnecessary, as it does not exert a differential impact on enhancing academic performance.

THE EFFECT OF THE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING ON MATHEMATICAL REASONING AND PROOFING ABILITY IN TERMS OF LEARNING STYLE

Mathematics is the main foundation at various levels of education so that students need to be equipped with mathematics in order to have the ability to reason, think logically, systematically and critically in dealing with various problems. There are several factors that cause low reasoning abilities in schools, some of which are the use of learning methods or models while in class. An appropriate learning model for students can improve mathematical reasoning and proving abilities. Learning styles which are divided into three, namely visual, auditory and kinesthetic can also be a factor in low reasoning abilities. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of the Problem Based Learning model on mathematical reasoning and proof skills, taking into account variations in learning styles. The population in this study were all 8th grade student at SMP Negeri 1 Gatak. The samples taken were two classes taken randomly using simple random sampling technique. This research is a quantitative research with a quasi experiment. The instruments used in this study consisted of a learning style questionnaire, pretest and posttest. The findings from this study are as follows: 1) The use of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model has a significant impact on students' abilities in mathematical reasoning and proof; 2) Learning style has no effect on students' mathematical reasoning and proving abilities; 3) No interaction was detected between learning models and learning styles in influencing students' mathematical reasoning and proving abilities.

Edge roughness quantifies impact of physician variation on training and performance of deep learning auto-segmentation models for the esophagus

Manual segmentation of tumors and organs-at-risk (OAR) in 3D imaging for radiation-therapy planning is time-consuming and subject to variation between different observers. Artificial intelligence (AI) can assist with segmentation, but challenges exist in ensuring high-quality segmentation, especially for small, variable structures, such as the esophagus. We investigated the effect of variation in segmentation quality and style of physicians for training deep-learning models for esophagus segmentation and proposed a new metric, edge roughness, for evaluating/quantifying slice-to-slice inconsistency. This study includes a real-world cohort of 394 patients who each received radiation therapy (mainly for lung cancer). Segmentation of the esophagus was performed by 8 physicians as part of routine clinical care. We evaluated manual segmentation by comparing the length and edge roughness of segmentations among physicians to analyze inconsistencies. We trained eight multiple- and individual-physician segmentation models in total, based on U-Net architectures and residual backbones. We used the volumetric Dice coefficient to measure the performance for each model. We proposed a metric, edge roughness, to quantify the shift of segmentation among adjacent slices by calculating the curvature of edges of the 2D sagittal- and coronal-view projections. The auto-segmentation model trained on multiple physicians (MD1-7) achieved the highest mean Dice of 73.7 ± 14.8%. The individual-physician model (MD7) with the highest edge roughness (mean ± SD: 0.106 ± 0.016) demonstrated significantly lower volumetric Dice for test cases compared with other individual models (MD7: 58.5 ± 15.8%, MD6: 67.1 ± 16.8%, p < 0.001). A multiple-physician model trained after removing the MD7 data resulted in fewer outliers (e.g., Dice ≤ 40%: 4 cases for MD1-6, 7 cases for MD1-7, Ntotal = 394). While we initially detected this pattern in a single clinician, we validated the edge roughness metric across the entire dataset. The model trained with the lowest-quantile edge roughness (MDER-Q1, Ntrain = 62) achieved significantly higher Dice (Ntest = 270) than the model trained with the highest-quantile ones (MDER-Q4, Ntrain = 62) (MDER-Q1: 67.8 ± 14.8%, MDER-Q4: 62.8 ± 15.7%, p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that there is significant variation in style and quality in manual segmentations in clinical care, and that training AI auto-segmentation algorithms from real-world, clinical datasets may result in unexpectedly under-performing algorithms with the inclusion of outliers. Importantly, this study provides a novel evaluation metric, edge roughness, to quantify physician variation in segmentation which will allow developers to filter clinical training data to optimize model performance.

Possessive pronouns in Welsh: Stylistic variation and the acquisition of sociolinguistic competence

Abstract This paper examines possessive pronoun forms in Welsh, a feature thought to be undergoing change (Davies, 2016). First, we seek to add to the understanding about how and in which stylistic contexts these forms are used. Second, we examine whether students in Welsh-medium schools with different home language backgrounds show the same sociolinguistic competence. In contrast to what is prescribed in many grammar books, the colloquial form mam fi ‘my mum’ is used at much higher rates than the traditional literary fy mam and sandwich variants fy mam i. This is particularly the case in more casual styles. We also find differences between north and south Wales in overall rates of use, but within the two schools studied, the English home language students broadly show the same patterns and constraints as the Welsh home language students, underlining that language background does not affect the acquisition of sociolinguistic competence.

Pengaruh Kompetensi Aparatur Desa Dan Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Desa

Village governments need to apply the principles of transparency and accountability in order to produce quality accounting information, villages must also manage their finances which come from natural resources which have a large role accepted by the village government. This research aims to find out how the competence of village officials and leadership style influence the quality of village financial reports. This research uses descriptive research. The data collection technique in this research is by conducting a field survey, namely using a questionnaire. The results of this research indicate that there is a significant positive influence of the village apparatus competency and leadership style variables on the quality of financial reports

Misconceptions of mathematics in higher education universities when learning with Google classroom based on learning styles and gender differences

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively describe the results of the analysis of the ability to understand concepts and misconceptions in terms of differences in learning styles, as well as gender differences. The data to be collected in this study is in the form of primary data and secondary data. The primary data is obtained from primary sources and secondary data is obtained from secondary sources. The primary source in this study is informants, namely students, and the secondary source is documentation of student test scores as an illustration of student abilities. The instruments in this study are student learning style tests and auxiliary instruments in the form of misconception diagnostic tests. Learning style test in the form of a questionnaire. This instrument is used to uncover visual, auditorial, and kinesthetic learning style variables. Misconception diagnostic tests use the Certainty of Response Index (CRI). The results of the CRI analysis based on student answer criteria are: (a) 5.83% of student problem solving do not know the concept (lucky guess); (c) 22.30% of the student problem solvers did not know the concept; (b) 50.18% of student problem solving mastered the concept well; and (d) 21.69% of student problem solving occurred misconceptions.

A CALL FOR A NEW INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE PLAYBOOK IN MEDIATING SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION

Every culture is in conflict; conflict is endemic in the process of culture metamorphosis. This paper examines the paradox that conflict is intrinsic to every culture, yet there is little attention to the ‘culture’ norms in resolving that conflict. There are conflicts within cultures and there are conflicts between cultures. The pioneering scholarship on national cultural traits, by original thinkers such as Hofstede and Ting- Toomey in the 1990s, assisted negotiation and dispute resolution and provided a foundation for cultural differentiation. But much has changed in intercultural understanding since then. We are now aware of enormous variations in values, styles, and customs in defined cultures. Today in the 2020’s we are fast becoming a more global interdependent society with high cultural diversity, declining Western power, and rising Asian-led world order in a new era of commercial influence, high-speed digital robotics, and artificial intelligence. We are in an unprecedented global pandemic where cultural norms and expectations are under threat, in individualistic and collectivist cultures. We face existential threats from climate change and environmental catastrophes. We need a new mediator playbook for effective intercultural negotiation and issue resolution.

Learning Experience of University Music Course Based on Emotional Computing

Identification and analysis of piano performance music are essential activities in the study of music knowledge and enjoyment. The goal of this study is to employ recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to create a multimedia identification and analysis method for piano performance music. RNNs excel at capturing the temporal relationships and dynamics seen in musical performances. The project entails gathering a large dataset of piano performance recordings that spans a variety of genres, performers, and playing techniques. The audio and video components of the performances are pre-processed in order to extract pertinent information. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), an RNN architecture, is used to mimic the sequential nature of the performances. The RNN is trained on the features that were retrieved in order to discover the patterns and traits connected to various piano performances. The similarity between the performance representations may be measured using similarity measures using Euclidean distance. The RNN-based system may be further developed to do tasks like score following, expressive performance analysis, and stylistic variation creation to aid in performance analysis. The system may provide insights into timing accuracy, dynamics, phrasing, and other expressive qualities of the piano performances by matching performance data with related musical scores. The proposed method RNN-LSTM provides accuracy about 99%, precision about 97% , recall about 98.9% and F1 Score of 97.6%.

A Csigolya fiú esete Pató Sárival

The oeuvre of Sándor Petőfi is one of the most well-researched one, still it has parts which are – paradoxically – lesser-known in the literary consciousness. The prose of Petőfi can be seen as a “blind spot” which has not been integrated into the curriculum of public education and it was hardly ever discussed in the professional discourse as this corpus was considered to have a marginal status. Petőfi, who oŸen declared his versatility in the 1840s, translated prose and experimented with different narrative techniques in his novel and short stories. Petőfi’s short stories are strongly connected to the financial aspects of publishing, however, they should not be viewed simply as “fillers” since these texts can be analysed from a literary perspective, considering the variation of genre conventions, narrative styles and tones in these experimental short stories which interact with the other texts of the oeuvre, as well. This paper reviews Petőfi’s latest published short story regarding the reality effects of the text.

Text complexity and translation styles from the perspective of individuation: a case study of the English translations of Pipa Xing

This study aims to investigate the translation styles from the perspective of text complexity and to elucidate underlying factors contributing to the formation of stylistic differences based on individuation. Using SysFan and SPSS22.0 as tools, a combined quantitative and qualitative approach is employed to comparatively analyze the lexical density and grammatical intricacy across the renowned ancient Chinese poem Pipa Xing 琵琶行and its nine English translations. The findings reveal that while the translations exhibit comparable levels of lexical density, disparities in complexity primarily manifest in terms of grammatical intricacy, reflecting distinct text features: spoken, written, and mixed spoken and written, as well as varying degrees of hierarchical and narrative features. The variations in translation styles are intricately linked to the individuation process undergone by translators. The translator’s individuation process is modeled to show how a translator mobilizes the meaning resources in the repertoire, which is constrained by the allocation of the cultural reservoir, to re-instantiate the source text in the translated text, while constructing affiliation with the target-reader community. Different translators’ allocated repertoires ultimately shape their conscious or unconscious choices in terms of lexicogrammar, thereby generating translated texts characterized by diverse styles.

The Influence of Organizational Culture, Leadership Style, and Remuneration on Improving Employee Performance At The Regional Office of The Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC) Banten

This study aims to analyze and prove the influence of organizational culture, leadership style, and remuneration on improving employee performance at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC) Banten. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive research method, data collection using a questionnaire. The sampling technique uses saturated samples, namely taking the entire population of 131 respondents. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression—data processing using SPSS 26 analysis tools. The results of partial data testing using the t-test show that organizational culture has a positive effect on employee performance with a significant value of 0.000 &lt;0.050, leadership style has a positive effect on employee performance with a significant value of 0.032 &lt;0.050. Remuneration has a positive effect on employee performance, with a significant value of 0.048 &lt;0.050. The results of the F test show a positive and significant influence between the variables of organizational culture, leadership style, and remuneration on the performance of employees of the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC) Banten. This is based on the results of the F test, which obtained the Fcount value of 47.18 and Ftable of 2.60. The size of the contribution contributed by the influence of organizational culture variables, leadership style, and remuneration can be seen in the R Square value of 0.527, which means that the influence of these three variables simultaneously on employee performance variables is 52% and 48% is influenced by other factors which were not examined in this study.

The Influence of Leadership Style, Education and Training (Diklat) and Work Discipline on Perumdam Tirta Kencana Employee Performance, Samarinda City

Training is an inseparable component in efforts to improve employee qualifications in an organization. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of leadership style, education and training (training), and work discipline on employee performance at Perumdam Tirta Kencana, Samarinda City. The type of research in this research is a descriptive quantitative and associative approach. Data collection techniques use observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. With a sample size of 100 respondents from various levels of positions ranging from managers, and assistant managers to employees. In this study, the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique was used, namely random sampling taking into account the existing strata. This means that each stratum is represented according to its proportions. The analysis technique in this research uses multiple linear regression analysis and is analyzed using SPSS version 29 software. The results of this research show that both leadership style, education and training (training), and work discipline partially have a significant positive effect on the performance of Perumdam Tirta Kencana Kota employees. Samarinda. Meanwhile, simultaneously the variables of leadership style, education and training (training), and work discipline have a significant effect on the performance of employees of Perumdam Tirta Kencana, Samarinda City with a significance level of less than 0.05 (0.000&lt;0.05). The research results also show that the work discipline variable has the most dominant influence on employee performance with a β value of 0.451 and a significance value of less than 0.05 (0.000&lt;0.05).