Growth Variables Research Articles

Study on Regional Financial Innovation, Technological Progress Bias and High Quality Economic Development

Abstract This paper designs a coupled mechanism model of financial technology innovation and economic growth, aiming to analyze the impact path of technology finance and technological progress on economic development. Endogenous economic growth theory is adopted, with technological progress as an exogenous variable, and inputs of production factors and products are considered. The growth rate of capital accumulation is calculated using fuzzy principles taken into account from the likelihood distribution under the assumption that the output function is in generalized form. The value of the distance function is calculated considering the orientation efficiency to ensure profit maximization. After eliminating the effect of different magnitudes, the decision degree decomposition is clarified using the Marquist index. The decision unit boundary degrees are reassembled when the information contribution ratio is scaled up by a multiple. Production relative efficiency change index. According to the findings of the economic impact analysis, the eastern financial institutions’ loan growth rate is stable, the entropy index is steadily increasing, and the p-value for the regression coefficient of science and technology finance is less than 0.02. The standard deviation of regional economic growth variables is 1.0209. Consequently, the coupling mechanism model of financial innovation in science and technology and economic growth can encourage investment in such innovation, shorten the technological innovation cycle to speed up the transformation of outcomes and achieve high-quality economic development.

Two-dimensional growth of incompressible and compressible soft biological tissues

Soft tissues have the ability of growth as a response to some especial changes of their environment. The aim of this work is to develop a non-linear finite element formulation for two-dimensional growth of soft tissues. The formulation is derived in Total Lagrangian (TL) framework. Moreover, the growth variable is considered as a single-valued scalar parameter known as growth multiplier. To deal with evolution equation resulting from the growth parameter, an implicit midpoint scheme is employed. Furthermore, a method is presented for compressible hyperelastic material models, and the formulas can be applied to incompressible and compressible, isotropic and anisotropic tissues. Finally, to investigate the performance of the proposed model, some examples are provided and compared to those available in the literature.

The Influence of Product Quality, Price and Promotion on Shoe Purchasing Decisions at Shoe Store

Product quality, price, and promotion are all important variables in business growth. Good product quality, affordable pricing, and appealing promotions are all strategies that can be utilized to convince people to purchase. The study's goal is to investigate the simultaneous or partial influence of product quality, price, and marketing on the choice to buy shoes at a Shoe Store. Test the instrument using validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and data analysis methods such as descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, multiple correlation analysis, coefficient of determination (R square), and hypothesis testing. According to the findings of the study, product quality, pricing, and promotion all have a favorable and significant effect on shoe choice in shoe stores.

Determinants of Housing Prices in South Africa: The Impact of Covid-19

Objectives: The present study aims to determine the relationship between selected macroeconomic and market variables, and South African housing prices, and the influence that Covid-19 had on South African housing prices, after holding for the effect of the change in selected macroeconomic, and market variables on housing prices. Method: Housing prices were determined via the macroeconomic and market variables of economic growth, unemployment, inflation, household debt-to-income, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, stock market returns, and Covid-19. Data collected were analysed using correlation and hierarchical multiple regression tests. Results: The findings indicated that pre-existing relationships between housing prices and traditional determinants of unemployment and household debt-to-income have changed. The results also indicated that housing prices increased during Covid-19 over-and-above the expected increase attributed to changes in the other selected predictor variables. Conclusion: These results provide an updated collection of housing price predictors for practitioners to utilise post-pandemic.

Monetary Policy and Economic Growth of Nepal

This study aims to investigate the relationship between key monetary variables in Nepal and GDP growth between 1999 and 2022. All the calculation are made on the base of the data from the website of Nepal Rastra Bank and Ministry of Finance, Nepal. The results have confirmed that the broad money supply and Interest Rate is positively and significantly affect Gross Domestic Product growth in the Nepalese economy. This was done using the Johansen approach to cointegration and the error correction model. Additionally, the Error Correction coefficient term (-0.70) supports the development of a link between monetary-related variables and GDP growth at a 70% rate of adjustments toward the equilibrium.

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment from China to Indonesia

This study identifies and analyzes the determinants influencing China's foreign direct investment level in Indonesia. The independent variables in this study are economic growth, inflation rate, wage rate, exchange rate, and export value. The data used is time series data from 2000 - 2016. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression. The study results show that wage and inflation rates significantly affect the foreign investment level from China to Indonesia. The variables of economic growth, exchange rates, and exports do not affect the level of foreign investment from China to Indonesia. The simultaneous test results significantly influence all the independent variables used in this study. The implication for foreign direct investment is that the government must increase foreign investment in Indonesia to increase economic growth by improving the investment climate in the country by providing several facilities to assist foreign investors so that investors feel safe investing their capital in Indonesia and with synergy with monetary policy in lowering interest rates to increase investor interest in investing.

Analisis Inflasi di Indonesia: Penerapan Model Vitaliano

This study aims to analyze the case of inflation in Indonesia, which is based on the problem of raising the price level (inflation) which is a classic economic problem of various countries, especially developing countries such as Indonesia. In this study using the Vitaliano model to analyze inflation, the variables included in this model are the money supply (M2), economic growth as measured by gross domestic product and government spending. The analytical tool used in this study is the Error Correction Model, with the test results concluding that the variables of money supply, economic growth and government spending have no effect on inflation in either the short or long run.

THE IMPACT OF POPULATION AGING ON THE SOUTH AFRICAN ECONOMY: A CASE OF THE KING CETSHWAYO DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

Population aging presents numerous challenges, such as a reduced fiscal balance, changes in the savings patterns of households, and higher age dependency ratios. These consequences are evident for older individuals, the government, and the economy at large. This study examined the impact of population aging on the economic growth of South Africa, studying the King Cetshwayo District Municipality specifically. A panel data set for the period 2002-2020 by Quantec Easy Data was used for the study. A FE regression model was used to examine the relationship between economic growth (GDP per capita), population aging, savings, education, and other independent variables. The findings from the panel data analysis revealed that population aging negatively affects economic growth only in the short run but not in the long run. Also, other factors like education, savings, and income affected economic growth in the King Cetshwayo District Municipality. This study recommends a transformation in the country’s savings by educating the population about the importance of savings in order to improve GDP per capita and the economic wellbeing of the people.

Screening of cacao clones for drought tolerance by assessing predawn leaf water potential, growth, and leaf gas exchange

Drought in cacao-producing regions worldwide is causing a decrease in yield and, in severe cases, leading to plant death. This primarily affects small farmers who lack sufficient financial resources or water availability to irrigate their plantations. This study aimed to test 83 cacao clonal genotypes for drought tolerance by evaluating their physiological and morphological features. These genotypes, referred to as drought-tolerant cacao (DTC) genotypes, were selected through mass selection from regions of Bahia, Brazil, severely affected by prolonged droughts. Seedlings of the DTC clonal genotypes and two control clones (CCN 51- drought-intolerant and CEPEC 2002 – drought-tolerant) were obtained from rooted cuttings of plagiotropic branches and evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Three experiments (EXP 1, 2, and 3) were conducted using a randomized block design, with three replications each and two plants per replication of each clonal genotype to test for drought tolerance. Data analyses were conducted using univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. DTC and control clones were subjected to varying soil moisture contents [70, 60, 50, 40, and 30 % of field capacity (FC)] and their controls (maintained close to 100 % of FC) for approximately 40 to 60 days. The results revealed significant statistical differences in growth variables before the plants were subjected to drought. They were categorized based on vigor into three, four, and three groups for EXP 1, 2, and 3, respectively during cluster analysis. DTC and control clones subjected to drought (70, 60, 50, 40, and 30 % of FC) exhibited significant statistical differences in physiological traits compared to the traits of their respective controls (100 % of FC). However, plant growth remained largely unchanged under drought stress (30 or 40 % of FC). DTC clonal genotypes 15, 17, 23, 41, 61, 66, 90, 91, 92, and 93 were more efficient in maintaining net photosynthesis (A) with decreases in soil moisture, showing greater changes only at 40 % of FC. DTC clonal genotypes 14, 32, 41, 61, 69, 70, 88, 89, 92, 95, and 108 maintained stomatal conductance (gs) values similar to those of their controls. Twenty-three DTC clonal genotypes maintained values of A, gs, E, Ci, A/gs, and A/E close to their respective controls, suggesting that these genotypes present features for drought tolerance.

The Influence of Government Expenditure and Investment on Income Gaps through Regency/City Economic Growth in West Sumatra Province

This research aims to test and also analyze the influence of government spending and investment on income gaps through economic growth in districts/cities in West Sumatra Province. The type of data used in this research is quantitative data, while the data source used in this research is secondary data. This research uses a path analysis model (Path Analysis), namely using panel data of 190 data consisting of 10 years as Time Series data starting from 2011 to 2020 and combined with 19 Regencies/Cities as Cross Section data. The data analysis method used in this research is the multiple linear regression analysis method (Multiple Regression Analysis) and path analysis (Path Analysis). The results of research based on the path analysis method show that the government expenditure variable has a negative and significant effect on economic growth, the investment variable has a negative and insignificant effect on economic growth, the government expenditure variable has a negative and significant effect on the income gap, the investment variable has a negative and significant effect on the income gap income, the economic growth variable has a positive and significant effect on income inequality.

Biochemical responses of Silybum marianum seedlings to independent and combined salt and SiO2 treatments

In recent years, silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles have drawn increasing attention due to their potential to enhance plant tolerance to various stresses by modulating physiological and biochemical processes. Salinity is an important abiotic stress with a harmful impact on crop growth and productivity. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of silicon dioxide (SiO2) addition on milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) under salinity stress. Thus, individual and combined effects of the application of sodium chloride (NaCl, 50 and 100 mM) and SiO2 particles (0.1 mM) on some physiological and oxidative stress parameters, such as growth variables, photosynthetic pigments and soluble protein contents, the levels of an oxidative stress biomarker (malondialdehyde), and the specific activity of several antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) were evaluated. The results revealed that salt stress (100 mM) inhibited plant growth and decreased chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, whereas the added SiO2 partially mitigated these negative effects. In addition, the 100 mM NaCl treatment significantly increased peroxidise (POD) activity and decreased soluble protein content after 22 days, while no significant differences were found for group subjected to salt stress in the presence of SiO2. Results suggest that application of SiO2 on salt-stressed milk thistle may modify the seedling metabolism and increase the plant salt tolerance capacity.

The Effect of Company Growth and Liquidity on Company Value with Capital Structure as an Intervening Variable

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of company growth and liquidity on firm value, with capital structure as the intervening variable. The company's growth variable is measured using the percentage increase in the company's total sales, the difference between the company's total sales in this period and the previous period's total sales. The variable liquidity is measured by the current ratio, which is a measurement of the current assets owned by the company and the current liabilities of the company. The capital structure variable as an intervening variable is measured by the debt-to-equity ratio, which is the ratio between the total debt owned by the company and the capital owned by the company itself. The firm value variable as the dependent variable is measured based on the book value of the stock price, namely the stock price compared to the book value per share. The population in this study used 24 coal sub-sector mining companies listed on the IDX for the 2018–2022 period. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method. The researcher obtained a sample of 11 companies in the coal mining sub-sector. The results of this study found that while company growth has no effect on capital structure, liquidity has a negative effect on capital structure. Company growth, liquidity, and capital structure have no effect on firm value. The capital structure is unable to mediate the relationship between company growth and liquidity and firm value.

Analysis of poverty in eastern Indonesia (Analisis Kemiskinan Di Kawasan Timur Indonesia)

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of economic growth, income distribution, unemployment, education and health on poverty in Eastern Indonesia in 2013-2017. Independent variables used in this study are economic growth, income distribution, unemployment, education and health and poverty as dependent variable. The data used in this study are secondary data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency of Maluku Province consisting of time series data for 2013 - 2017 and cross section data for 12 provinces in Eastern Indonesia. The analytical method used is panel data regression analysis. The results showed that economic growth had a positive and not significant effect on poverty in Eastern Indonesia. Variable income distribution has a positive and not significant effect on poverty in Eastern Indonesia. The unemployment variable has a positive and significant effect on the poverty variable in Eastern Indonesia. Education and health variables have a positive and significant effect on poverty in Eastern Indonesia. The coefficient of determination is 0.993136, meaning that the poverty variable can be explained by variables of economic growth, income distribution, unemployment, education and health by 99.31%. Simultaneous test results (F test), showed variables of economic growth, income distribution, unemployment, education and health simultaneously had a significant effect on poverty in Eastern Indonesia

Government Spending on Economic Growth in North Sumatera

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of government spending on economic growth in North Sumatra Tabun 2017-2021. The research method used in this study is secondary data. The data taken is data published or obtained by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). In this study, in conducting data analysis techniques, namely using the OLS (Ordinary Least Square) method using the Eviews 10 analysis tool. The result of this study is that simultaneously the variable government expenditure has an insignificant influence on the economic growth variable for 2017-2021 in North Sumatra Province. The variable government expenditure partially has a positive and insignificant influence on economic growth in North Sumatra Province. The Government Expenditure Variable (X) has a simultaneous influence on the Economic Growth variable (Y) of 56% and the remaining 44% is influenced by other unincluded variables.

Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Inflasi Terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran Di Sumatera Barat

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of economic growth and inflation on the unemployment rate in West Sumatra. This research is quantitative research with secondary data from the 1992-2021 observation period. In this research, the technique of data collection is the documentation method. This method is carried out using documents or research supporting data, such as data on economic growth, inflation and unemployment rates, taken from the official BPS website. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS 25. The research results prove that economic growth and inflation partially have no significant effect on the unemployment rate in West Sumatra between 1992 and 2021. The significance value of the economic growth variable is 0.824 greater than 0.05 and the inflation variable is 0.987 > 0.05. That is, if economic growth and inflation increase, the unemployment rate will also increase. Meanwhile, simultaneous economic growth and inflation had no effect on the unemployment rate in W Sumatra from 1992 to 2021 with a significance level of 0.960 greater than 0.05. The R2 value is 0.003, which means that the ability of the independent variables (economic growth and inflation) to explain the dependent variable (unemployment rate) is 3%. More than 97% is explained by other variables not reviewed in this research.

Pengaruh Investasi China terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia dengan Uji Kausalitas Granger

The purpose of this research is to inform about the influence of Chinese investment on Indonesia's economic growth. The data sample taken is a secondary time series data type with a time range from 2006 to 2021 sourced from BKPM and BPS. The data analysis used Granger causality through the use of Eviews 13. The results of the hypothesis test explained that there was no significant and positive impact from the causality relationship between the investment value variable and the economic growth variable but on the contrary had a positive but not significant causal relationship between the economic growth variable and the economic growth variable. investment value.

Melatonin seed priming improves growth and physio-biochemical aspects of Zinnia elegans under salt stress

Salt stress is a major abiotic aspect that inhibits plant development, growth, and productivity of ornamental plants. In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in seed priming and biological treatments for salt stress mitigation in plants. Melatonin (MLT) is a versatile signaling molecule detected in higher plants. Its function is involved in various signaling and physiological processes, particularly under severe environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of different levels of MLT (0, 1, 10, 20 μM) primed zinnia plants (Zinnia elegans cv. ‘Super Yoga’) under salt stress (100 mM NaCl). Salt stress exposure reduced growth and physiological variables and increased oxidative stress, recorded as a rise in stress markers. The results showed that seed priming with MLT improved morphological characteristics of zinnia, such as shoot and root length, shoot diameter, leaf length, root collar diameter, number of roots, root fresh, and dry weight. MLT based seed priming also increased photosynthesis pigments and reduced salt induced oxidative damage by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (i.e. superoxide dismutase-SOD, peroxidase-POD, and catalase-CAT). The reduction in oxidative stress was recorded as decrease in electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Primed plants also showed significant increase in the osmoprotectants proline and glycine betaine, as compared to the non-primed salt stress plants. Exposure of plants to salt stress lead to an increase in sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) contents in plant tissues in the non-primed plants. However, priming with MLT reduced the uptake of Na+ and improved the uptake of K+ in the leaves of zinnia. Overall, these results provided evidence that MLT seed priming may ameliorate the ill effects of salt-induced oxidative stress in zinnia plants.

Unicorns’ growth and financial flexibility before and after the IPO

Increasing number of unicorns worldwide is attracting researchers' attention to analyze their phenomena from their growth and financial flexibility interaction perspective. Unicorns as young companies have many external and internal environment development elements affecting their financial performance while going public with an IPO. Thus in the paper, we target to analyze factors revealing unicorns' growth and the relationship between financial flexibility and unicorns’ growth before and after the IPO process. The financial data of 20 unicorns from Asia with IPOs from 2009 to 2018 was collected for the research. A literature review was performed to develop the frame and variables of growth and financial flexibility for research design. OLS regression was used for the analysis. Our main findings show the significant negative impact of EBIT on the growth of unicorns before the IPO, which becomes positive after the IPO. The impact of cash or debt on the growth of unicorns is negative after the IPO. The growth of unicorns is significantly influenced by capital expenditures and current liabilities affected by their management policies. Our research fills the existing gap in the literature by analyzing the interaction between the growth and financial flexibility of the high-growth unicorns in the context of the IPO and enriches existing literature by the combination of different theories to support the research, thus further research could focus on a more in-depth analysis of these processes.

Cultivo semi-hidropônico de alface crespa fertirrigada com soluções salinas enriquecidas com nitrato de cálcio

ABSTRACT Lettuce is a leafy vegetable sensitive to salinity, and under saline stress conditions it presents nutritional imbalance, mainly in calcium absorption. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of enriching the nutrient solution with calcium nitrate in solutions prepared with saline water in the lettuce crop. A completely randomized design was used, with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments were represented by five nutrient solutions [S1 - standard nutrient solution (SNP); S2 - SNP + NaCl (3.5 dS m-1); S3 - S2 + Ca (NO3)2 (50% = 6.86 mmol L-1); S4 - S2 + Ca(NO3)2 (100% = 9.15 mmol L-1); S5 - S2 + Ca(NO3)2 (150% = 11.43 mmol L-1)] in lettuce from the curly group, cv. Elba. After preparing the nutrient solutions, the solutions had the following electrical conductivities: 1.8 (S1); 4.8 (S2); 5.4 (S3); 6.0 (S4); 6.6 (S5) dS m-1. Variables of growth, nutrition and postharvest quality of lettuce were evaluated. With the exception of stem diameter, number of total leaves, plant pH and vitamin C content, the other variables were affected by the extra addition of Ca(NO3)2 in the nutrient solutions. The lettuce cv Elba grown in coconut fiber is tolerant to the salinity of 4.8 dS m-1 (S2). In conditions where the use of saline water with 3.5 dS m-1 for the preparation of the nutrient solution is unavoidable, the use of extra doses of Ca(NO3)2 in the lettuce crop is not recommended.

Água residuária e substratos no crescimento de mudas de angico

ABSTRACT The production of seedlings of forest species for reforestation of biomes is a practice that restores the conditions of the environment, but water and substrates that favor the growth of seedlings are required. However, in the semi-arid region, water is a limiting factor, requiring the use of alternative sources such as treated domestic sewage. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the growth of Anadenanthera colubrina L. seedlings produced in substrates (soil + bovine manure and soil + coconut fiber) fertilized with treated domestic sewage effluent diluted in public-supply water in proportions (100, 75, 50 and 25% of domestic effluent) and using water from the supply network as a control. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, in a split-plot with three replicates. The treated domestic effluent (TDE) used in the experiment came from the domestic sewage treatment plant of the decanter-digester type of the Projeto de Assentamento Milagre Apodi/RN. The study was conducted in a seedling production nursery at UFERSA, with growth and vigor evaluations at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after transplanting. The production of seedlings fertigated with domestic effluent caused differences in all growth variables, with improvement in phytomass production. Seedlings fertigated with a dilution of 50% TDE and 50% water supply showed better results when produced with substrate composed of soil and coconut fiber. The seedlings showed good quality, and those cultivated with 50% and 75% of wastewater showed better quality after 120 days of cultivation.