Values Of Pr Research Articles

ALTERNATIVE ACTIVITIES DURING A PANDEMIC PERIOD IN THE SPHERE OF CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS

Taking a broad-based view on the global health crisis, this paper examines the feasibility of cultural sector reaction on radical changes on an unexpected situation with an unknown deadline. The paper summarized the theoretical basis in public relations, presented by Slovak, Czech and foreign authors that explain the meaning, aims and value of PR in the cultural sector. It refers to three basic goals of PR – building an image, routine publicity and crisis PR. The author emphasizes on signification settings of effective communicative tools in new circumstances between cultural organizations and audiences. The aim of this paper is to analyze, how organizations in the cultural sector in Slovakia use available tools to sustain existing audiences and at the same time how to attract new target groups by digital PR tools during the pandemic period. The objects are examined in the paper - theatres, galleries, and philharmonic orchestra in Slovakia. The methodology of this study will be addressed through analytical study. This will be revealed through discussion, investigation, analysis that can be detected through detailed content interrogation of the objects, elements and structure of the content of this study. The content of this article is intended for other cultural organizations that strategically plan their activities in digital form in the future

A comparative study of hydrogen permeation through Cu/Pd membrane in different reactor types

The current study compares hydrogen permeation through 20 μm thick Pd–Cu40% membranes in cylindrical (CR) and plate (PR) reactors under heating and plasma experiments. Pure hydrogen gas was fed into the reactors at 0.1–5 l min−1 and the dielectric barrier discharge plasma was ignited at a plasma voltage range of 10–18 kV. The hydrogen permeability Arrhenius plot versus the inverse temperature showed a small increase at low reactor temperatures. Furthermore, the permeability results indicated a non-linearity trend by applying plasma due to the high electron mobility. The heating only results showed that the permeation rate of the CR was much higher than the PR. In addition, the peak values of CR and PR were 32.6% and 4.21% at reactor temperatures of 150 °C and 200 °C, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the H2 permeation was increased by applying plasma to reach maximum values of 100%.

Thin Film Flow of Couple Stress Magneto-Hydrodynamics Nanofluid with Convective Heat over an Inclined Exponentially Rotating Stretched Surface

In this article a couple stress magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid thin film flow over an exponential stretching sheet with joule heating and viscous dissipation is considered. Similarity transformations were used to obtain a non-linear coupled system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from a system of constitutive partial differential equations (PDEs). The system of ordinary differential equations of couple stress magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flow was solved using the well-known Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). Nusselt and Sherwood numbers were demonstrated in dimensionless forms. At zero Prandtl number the velocity profile was analytically described. Furthermore, the impact of different parameters over different state variables are presented with the help of graphs. Dimensionless numbers like magnetic parameter M, Brownian motion parameter Nb, Prandtl number Pr, thermophoretic parameter Nt, Schmidt number Sc, and rotation parameter S were analyzed over the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. It was observed that the magnetic parameter M increases the axial, radial, drainage, and induced profiles. It was also apparent that Nu reduces with greater values of Pr. On increasing values of the Brownian motion parameter the concentration profile declines, while the thermophoresis parameter increases.

Viscous dissipative free convective flow from a vertical cone with heat generation/absorption, MHD in the presence of radiative non-uniform surface heat flux

The problem of combined effects of heat generation/absorption and thermal radiation on unsteady, laminar, natural convective flow with MHD, viscous dissipation from a vertical cone in the presence of variable surface heat flux is considered here. The non-dimensional governing equations of the flow that is transient, coupled and non-linear PDE’s are solved by an efficient, accurate and unconditionally stable finite difference method of Crank-Nicolson type. Numerical results of the velocity and thermal profiles are obtained and analyzed to expose the results of different values of parameters Pr, M, n and Rd. The present results are compared with available results in literature and are found to be in excellent conformity. The study finds important applications in hybrid solar energy systems, geophysical heat transfer and industrial manufacturing processes.

Computational Analyses of Flow and Heat Transfer at 60° Position of 180° Curved Duct of Square Cross-Section

3D computational analyses are achieved to predict seriously the influences of thermal buoyancy strength and Dean number on Dean vortices, flow behavior and the rate heat transfer through 180° curved channel of square cross-sectional form. The work shows many results, so this paper emphasizes only on the results of 60° cross-sectional position of the bend duct. The principal partial equations of continuity, momentum and energy are considering in three dimensions under the following assumptions: flow is incompressible and laminar, and it is solved in steady-state. The aforementioned equations are subjected to suitable boundary conditions under following range as: Dean number of De = 125 to 150, Richardson number of Ri = 0 to 2 at fixed value of Prandtl number Pr = 1. The principal results of this work are illustrated as streamline and isotherm contours to draw to flow patterns and temperature distributions respectively. The axial velocity profile is shown versus above conditions, the local Nusselt number is also presented along the wall of 60° cross-sectional position. The results show that the thermal buoyancy can balance the effect of centrifugal force of fluid particles at the angular position of 60°.

Linear instability of concentric annular flow: Effect of Prandtl number and gap between cylinders

The stability of non-isothermal Poiseuille flow in a coaxial annular domain is studied using normal mode analysis. The stably stratified flow (i.e., when buoyant force is in the direction of forced flow) is induced due to external pressure gradient and maintenance of linear variation of the temperature of the inner cylinder. We have emphasized the impact of the gap between cylinders in terms of curvature parameter (C) and Prandtl number (Pr) on the instability of the flow under axisymmetric as well as non-axisymmetric disturbances. In general, it has been found that the flow of low Pr fluids under axisymmetric disturbance is more stable in comparison with the flow under non-axisymmetric disturbance. When the gap between cylinders is relatively small (i.e. C is large), the flow under non-axisymmetric is most stable for the fluids having high Pr. It is known that the Newtonian pipe flow is linearly stable for all values of Reynolds number (Re). However, in the present study, we have seen the instability of the pipe flow with a thin rod placed at the center even for a very small value of heat source intensity (in terms of Rayleigh number) at Re=2000. Here the disturbance velocity is concentrated in the vicinity of the inner wall and instability is due to transfer of kinetic energy from the basic flow through Reynold’s stress. Depending on the value of controlling parameters, three types of instability: thermal-shear, interactive, thermal-buoyant have been observed. In general, for a fixed value of Pr, the type of instability is not affected by C and Re. The non-isothermal Poiseuille flow of low Pr (including mercury and gases) is governed by thermal-shear instability and the same of high Pr (including liquid and oil) is governed by thermal-buoyant instability.

Analytical study for MHD flow of Williamson nanofluid with the effects of variable thickness, nonlinear thermal radiation and improved Fourier’s and Fick’s Laws

The key aim of the present work is to analyze the magnetohydrodynamic 2D flow of Williamson type nanofluid. Heat and mass transfer impacts are carried out in the manifestation of nonlinear thermal radiation, Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass flux models and varying thicker surface. By applying the appropriate similarity transformations, the mathematical equations of velocity, temperature and volume fraction transform to NODEs. An analytical scheme is pragmatic to estimate the convergence solutions in terms of power series. The dimensionless velocity profile, temperature profile and nanoparticle volume fraction with the administrative physical aspects are depicted through graphs. It is evidently ostensible that the dimensionless velocity declines for the augmented index parameter and wall thickness while cumulative values of M and $$ \beta $$ , the horizontal fluid velocity decreases. Temperature specie upsurges with rising of Nb, Nt, $$ n,\;\beta ,\;R_{d} ,\theta_{w} $$ and M. Consequently demotes with the higher values of Pr and $$ De_{1} . $$ Nanoparticle volumetric specie escalates with the growing effects of Nt, while it diminishes with Nb, Sc and $$ De_{2} . $$ Comparison is the key procedure for validation our results with the earlier literature.

Doping of Sm3Ba5Cu8O19 Compound with Praseodymium

An investigation has been carried out on the effects of praseodymium doping in Sm3−xPrxBa5Cu8O19 for different values of x. Results indicate that the transition temperature reduces almost linearly with x. Based on the Abrikosov–Gor’kov pair-breaking theory, it has been concluded that the exchange interaction constant is large (Jex = 110 meV) in the Sm3Ba5Cu8O19 compound. In addition, it seems that the hybridization of Pr4f states with O2p–Cu3d states has an important role in the depression of transition temperature of Sm3−xPrxBa5Cu8O19 for the Pr content < 10%. However, for the higher values of Pr, the two observed plateaus at the transition temperatures of ~ 60 K and ~ 17 K, respectively, resemble the structural phase transitions due to oxygen reduction in the YBa2Cu3O7 compound and the antiferromagnetic phase formation in the PrBa2Cu3O7 compound. It seems that depending on the Pr content, the pair-breaking, structural effects and hole localization are responsible for the reduction in the transition temperature.

Hybrid dusty fluid flow through a Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model

The present work focused on two dimensional flow of an incompressible hybrid dusty fluid through a Darcy–Forchheimer medium over a stretched sheet. The Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model and the carbon nanotube properties are taken into an account. The problem is mathematically formulated from the flow, there after solved numerically with the help of RKF-45 method along with the maple package. Impacts of physical parameters of present problem such as, Eckert number, radiation parameter and Prandtl number are analyzed by means of graphs and tables with some notable applications. From the result we observed that, an escalating value of Pr diminishes the temperature profile for both fluids. Higher estimation of Kp reduces the velocity profile for both phases. Momentum boundary layer thickness decreases by increasing values of Fr. Furthermore, Heat transfer process is higher in dusty fluid when compare to hybrid nanofluid. And the higher radiation parameter plays a key role in cooling process.

AREA OF P-N JUNCTION WITH THE TUNNEL BREAKDOWN MECHANISM AS A FACTOR IN THE DESIGN OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

This article presents the results of an experimental study on the influence ofp-n junction area (Sp.„) on the breakdown voltage (Ubr) of low-voltage p-n structures with avalanche, mixed and tunnel breakdown mechanisms. The nature and behaviour of the experimentally obtained Ubr(Sp.„) curves fully correspond to the well-known distribution ofp-n junction curves by the type of an electric breakdown. 'For Ubr &gt; 6.7 V, the avalanche breakdown voltage ofp-n junctions remains unchanged over a wide range ofSp.„ values. Below ~6. 7 V, in the region of mixed breakdown ~(6.7 - 4.7) V, Ubr decreases with an increase of Sp-n for fixed values ofpr. Moreover, for pr (0.007 ^ 0.001) Ohms cm, in the region of the tunnel breaksdown mechanism (Ubr &lt;4.7 V), , Ubr(Sp.„J curve shows non-linear behaviou. The effect of non-linear dependence between Ubr and (Sp.„.t) for p-n junctions with tunnel breakdown is used in the designs of low-voltage Zener diodes and voltage regidators with Ust7 Ubr less than 5 V. The dependence between Ubr.t and (Sp-„.t) for p-n structures with tunnel breakdown can be used in designing novel voltage converters with negative resistance. In particidar, this article shows the implemented experimental design of a voltage converter based on two p+-n+junctions with breakdown voltages of ~4.3 V.cmd ~2.3 V. based on p-type silicon w ith a specific resistance of 20 Ohms cm, controlled by a MOSFET, system.

Effects of Pr and pool curvature on thermocapillary flow instabilities in annular pool

We linearly analyzed the effect of the Prandtl number (Pr) on the stability of thermocapillary flow in shallow annular pools with an aspect ratio Γ = (Ro - Ri)/d = 20 and two radius ratios ΓR = Ri/Ro= 0.50 and 0.98039, where d, Ro, and Ri are the liquid depth and the radii of the heated outer wall and the cooled inner wall, respectively. The results for Pr ∈ [0, 102] show that the steady axisymmetric thermocapillary flows in these annular pools become unstable against oscillatory instability modes, OSC1, OSC2 and hydrothermal wave (HTW). Two co-dimension-two bifurcations occur at Pr*1 and Pr*2. The critical mode for Pr ≤ Pr*1 is OSC2 with almost constant critical Reynolds number Rec, large wave number and high frequency. OSC1 with smaller wave number and lower frequency is the critical mode for Pr*1 ≤ Pr ≤ Pr*2 and Rec slightly decreases with increasing Pr. HTW is the critical mode for Pr ≥ Pr*2 and Rec decreases with increasing Pr. The values of (Pr*1, Pr*2) are (0.00953, 0.03054) for ΓR = 0.50, and (0.01919, 0.01946) for ΓR = 0.98039. Energy-budget analyses reveal that the instabilities in low-Pr range are caused by instabilities in the steady toroidal vortex (or vortices) near the cold wall.

The formation mechanism between the {10[formula omitted]2} twins and prismatic slip on (10[formula omitted]0) plane: Application to Zircaloy-4 alloy

The formation mechanism between {101‾2} twins (TWs) and prismatic <a> slip (PR) in the Zircaloy-4 alloy was investigated by the situ study of Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) as well as transmission electron microscope (TEM) methods. Our results reveal that the PR and TWs were easily formed on the (101‾0) plane, due to the high Schmid factor values of PR (0.46) and TWs (0.5) were caused by the compression force (CF) – F(30, 90). Moreover, the relationship between CF and driving force (DF) of PR was got as DF = CFcos30°.

FAKTOR DETERMINAN YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN MOTIVASI KERJA PEGAWAI DI PUSKESMAS JUHAR KECAMATAN JUHAR KABUPATEN KARO

The related factors that suspected to be employee motivation’s based on Frederick Herzberg's theory are intrinsic and extrinsic factors which consisting of achievement, reward, responsibility, work environment, superiors / subordinate communication, and supervision. The purpose of this research is to analyze the determinants of factors associated with employee motivation. This research is quantitative research with the survey is the method through an explanatory research approach. The research was conducted at Juhar Public Health Center, Karo District. The population of this research is 52 people and the sample is 52 people. Data analysis use univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with chi-square, and multivariate analysis use multiple logistic regression test. The results showed that factors related to employee motivation in Puskesmas Juhar, Juhar Sub-district, Karo Regency in 2018 were responsibility, subordinate-supervisor communication, and supervision, there was a significant correlation. The most dominant variable related to this research is the variable of responsibility and the value of PR = 9,122. Personnel responsible for their job has a high work motivation 9.1 times higher than irresponsible employees. Unrelated variables are achievement, reward and work environment. It is suggested to the irresponsible staff of public health center to better understand their duties and responsibilities as employees to be more motivated in working and program targets can be achieved.

Stability of Stationary Plane-Parallel Flow of Binary Fluid with the Soret Effect in Vertical Layer with Differentially Heated Boundaries

Stability of stationary plane-parallel flow of binary mixture with the Soret effect in vertical layer with differentially heated boundaries is studied. Main attention is paid to the thermal wave instability mode. The dependence of the threshold value of Prandtl number Pr∗, at which the growing thermal wave appear, on the separation ratio e is obtained. Complex scenario of stability change with respect to thermal waves is discovered for the case of positive Soret effect: it is shown that for e Pr∗, with the increase in separation ratio, additional range of growing thermal waves appears near Pr = 0, for e > 0.2634 the thermal wave instability exists at $$ 0\le \mathit{\Pr}\le {\mathit{\Pr}}_1^{\ast } $$ and at $$ \mathit{\Pr}>{\mathit{\Pr}}_2^{\ast } $$. For e > 0.278 the thermal wave instability is possible at any values of Prandtl number.

Numerical study of opposing pulsed-jet cleaning for pleated filter cartridges

Pleated filter cartridges are recently favored in industrial filtration systems because of their advantage of the large filtration area. Their use, however, places the serious concern of incomplete/patchy cleaning via reverse pulsed-jet technique. A new pulsed-jet technique, named opposing pulsed-jet cleaning (previously colliding pulse jet cleaning), had been proposed and experimentally evidenced to improve the cleaning quality of pleated filter cartridges. In the above cleaning, a second cleaning nozzle is installed at the cartridge base and its exit, facing the cartridge core, is used to launch a second pulsed-jet flow in addition to the primary one. Via the numerical modeling, this work investigated the detail flow mechanisms in the cleaning process and the effects of delay time, Δt, and pressure ratio, PR, on the cleaning performance. It was found that, within a certain range of Δt, the later-initiated jet from the second nozzle would collide with the former-launched jet from the primary one, and the flow impinging location could be moved inside the pleated cartridge, resulting in wider filtration media area covered by the impinging jet flow energy (compared with that using only the primary nozzle). The cleaning performance could also be improved by the increase of PR when Δt > 0. When Δt = 0, the cleaning quality reduces as the PR value increases to 1.5 and remains the same when the PR value is greater than 1.5. Under the scenario of Δt < 0, the cleaning performance improves as the PR increases and then reduces as the value of PR further increases.

DTI/DXI interferences with global coagulation tests in emergency hospital admissions - Results of the prospective Dresden NOAC Registry (NCT01588119)

BackgroundDepending on test assays and the time of last DOAC intake, direct thrombin inhibitors (DTI) and direct FXa inhibitors (DXI) may or may not affect prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR) or activated thromboplastin time (aPTT) but the clinical impact is unknown. MethodsUsing data from the Dresden NOAC Registry, we evaluated the impact of DOAC on first PT, INR or aPTT tests during emergency hospitalizations of DTI/DXI patients and the assay performance across 50 coagulation laboratories. ResultsIn 724 emergency admissions (77 DTI; 647 DXI), 490 cases (67.7%) had a reported last DOAC intake within 12 h before blood sampling. INR and PT were elevated above the upper limit of normal (ULN) in >65% of all cases and aPTT was elevated in 45%. On the other hand, >30% of all cases had normal values of INR, PR and aPTT despite a DOAC intake within the last 12 h. Assay performance for detecting or ruling out therapeutic DOAC levels was highly variable and, overall, insufficient to guide clinical decisions. DOAC specific testing was performed in <10% of all cases. ConclusionMany DOAC recipients present with elevated PT, INR or aPTT during emergency admissions but false negative values within 12 h of last intake as well as elevated values beyond 24 h after last DOAC intake are common. Both scenarios may result in clinical misinterpretation and, potentially, in patient harm, also because DOAC specific testing is rarely performed in emergency settings.

The Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary in the Tarim Basin, NW China: Geological data anomalies and reservoir implication

Abstract In this study, unconformities (T90) formed during the succession from the Ediacaran to the Cambrian were identified based on five types of data, namely, field outcrops, C and O isotopes, major and trace elements, well logs and seismic data. The outcrop data show notable lithological changes above and below the T90 interface. The C and O isotope data show significant negative δ13C and δ18O excursions at the T90 interface. The negative δ13C excursion at the T90 interface occurred concurrently with the negative δ13C excursions that occurred globally during the same period. The average values of Ca, Mg, Nd, Pr, Ce and La were higher below the T90 interface than that above the T90 interface and that the average mass fractions of Zr, Sr, Zn, Ba, Mn, S, Si, Ni, Fe, Al, Rb, K, Cl and P were lower below that interface than that above it. The well log data show that at the T90 interface, the concentrations of U and Th and the mass fraction of K increased suddenly (from 97.66 to 104.308 ppm, from 210.005 to 232.086 ppm and from 11.609% to 12.99%, respectively) and the gamma ray value increased significantly, reflecting a brief land exposure of the interface. Onlap and truncation patterns were visible on the seismic sections above and below the T90 interface. Various types of unconformities have developed at the T90 interface in various areas of the Tarim Basin. Paraconformities are mainly distributed in the Kuluketage and Kalpin outcrop areas as well as the depressions in the northern Tarim Basin and a large area north of the Tarim Basin. Angular unconformities are distributed near the north wing of the central uplift belt. The paleogeomorphology of the T90 unconformity interfaces limited the distribution of sedimentary facies in the overlying strata, thereby affecting the distribution of the hydrocarbon source rocks of the Yurtus Formation, and controlled the development of karst reservoirs in the underlying strata.

Comparative study of natural convection melting inside a cubic cavity using an improved two-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model

In this paper, the effects of heating direction on the natural convection melting in a cubic cavity are comparatively studied by an improved two-relaxation-time (TRT) lattice Boltzmann model, which can not only recover the correct macroscopic equations but also dramatically reduce the numerical diffusion across the phase interface. In order to reveal the effects of heating direction on the melting efficiency at different Rayleigh number (Ra) and Prandtl number (Pr) more clearly, both one-side heating and two-side heating are considered. The present numerical results show that in either case, the melting efficiency is increased with the increase of Ra, and the differences of them mainly depend on the value of Pr and the heating direction. Further, the distributions of streamlines and temperature at various times for different cases are also studied.

Effects of Leaf Potassium Content on Growth Dynamics of Muskmelon and Developing a Coupling Model of Nitrogen and Potassium

Nitrogen and potassium are two crucial nutrient elements that affect the yield and quality of crops. The aim of this study was to quantify the impacts of potassium on growth dynamics and quality of muskmelon, so as to optimize potassium management for muskmelon in a plastic greenhouse, and develop a coupling model of nitrogen and potassium. For this purpose, four experiments (two experiments with different levels of potassium treatment and planting dates, and the other two experiments with different ratios of nitrogen and potassium, and planting dates) on muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. ‘Nanhaimi’ and ‘Xizhoumi 25’) were conducted in a plastic greenhouse located at Sanya from Jan. 2014 to Sept. 2015. The quantitative relationship between leaf potassium content and growth dynamics and yield of muskmelon was determined and incorporated into a photosynthesis-driven crop growth model (SUCROS). Independent experimental data were used to validate the model. The critical leaf potassium content at the flowering stage for muskmelon ‘Nanhaimi’ and ‘Xizhoumi 25’ were 55.0 and 46.0 mg·g−1. The result showed that the coefficient of determination (r2) between the predicted and measured values of leaf area index (LAI), direct weight of shoot (DWSH), direct weight of stem (DWST), dry weight of leaf (DWL), dry weight of fruit (DWF), fresh weight of fruit (FWF), soluble sugar content (SU), soluble protein content (PR), vitamin C (Vc), and soluble solids content (SO) of potassium model were 0.93, 0.98, 0.83, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, 0.94, 0.94, 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively; and the relative root-mean-squared error (rRMSE) were 10.8%, 19.6%, 30.3%, 21.1%, 11.9%, 17.2%, 13.9%, 27.8%, 20.6%, and 10.1%, respectively. The two ways of nitrogen and potassium coupling (multiplicative coupling and minimum coupling) were compared, and the multiplicative coupling was used in model development finally. The r2 between the predicted and measured values of LAI, DWSH, DWST, DWL, DWF, FWF, SU, PR, Vc, and SO of nitrogen and potassium coupling model were 0.78, 0.91, 0.93, 0.94, 0.83, 0.89, 0.92, 0.95, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively; and their rRMSE were 9.2%, 12.4%, 11.8%, 43.2%, 6.6%, 7.2%, 6.85%, 4.98%, 6.61%, and 4.35%, respectively. The models could be used for the optimization of potassium, nitrogen, and potassium coupling management for muskmelon production in a plastic greenhouse.

Film thickness-dependent ferroelectric polarization switching dynamics of undoped HfO2 thin films prepared by atomic layer deposition

Metal-ferroelectric-metal capacitors were fabricated to evaluate the ferroelectricity and switching dynamics of the undoped-HfO2 thin films prepared by atomic layer deposition. The film thickness was controlled to be 9 to 16 nm as an important control parameter. The value of remnant polarization (Pr) decreased with increasing the film thickness owing to the modulations in amounts of ferroelectric orthorhombic phase. The 11-nm-thick HfO2 thin film, which was strategically suggested as a critical film thickness, showed the Pr value of 8.47 μC/cm2. Based on the accurately calculated Pr by double-pulse switching measurement and Kolmogorov-Avrami-Ishibashi (KAI) model, the ferroelectric polarization switching time (ts) and the activation electric field (Ea) for polarization reversal were estimated with the variations in film thickness of the HfO2 thin films. The ts and Ea showed decreasing and increasing trends with increasing the film thickness, respectively. The values of Pr for the MFM capacitor were also found to be gradually modulated by controlling the ferroelectric partial polarization with pulse-width and pulse-number modulations, which corresponded to the emulations of assigning the synaptic weights for the synapse device applications.