Values Of Pr Research Articles

Heat transfer characteristics in the squeezing flow of casson fluid between circular plates: A comprehensive study

This research investigates the heat transfer characteristics in the squeezing flow of a non-Newtonian fluid, specifically focusing on the Casson fluid between two parallel circular plates. The research includes the development of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), the utilization of conservation laws and similarity transformations, and the subsequent analytical resolution through the application of the Differential Transform Method (DTM) and Akbari-Ganji’s Method (AGM). The investigation explores the influence of various factors on flow characteristics, presenting the results visually and engaging in detailed discussions. The analysis encompasses a comprehensive examination across a range of parameters, including the squeeze number, Casson fluid parameter, Prandtl number, and Eckert number. Notably, the results indicate an acceleration in the rate of motion with respect to both the squeeze number and the Casson fluid parameter. In addition, the skin friction coefficient shows an increasing trend with respect to S, while the influence of [Formula: see text] has the opposite effect. Meanwhile, the Nusselt number decreases as both S and [Formula: see text] increase but exhibits an upward trend with increasing values of PR, Ec, and [Formula: see text]. The findings of this study contribute to the broader understanding of heat transfer in non-Newtonian fluid flows and provide valuable insights for practical applications.

Thermal performance analysis of sinusoidal corrugated channels: A comparative study of thermo-hydraulic and entropy generation

The physical properties of working fluids—in terms of the Prandtl number—play a crucial role in determining their thermal performance in the internal flow, especially their viscosity. This study first considers the thermo-hydraulic and entropy generation of a sinusoidal corrugated channel in two configurations: symmetrical (raccoon) and asymmetrical (serpentine). Results are presented for different ranges of operating parameters, such as 100≤Re≤700 and 0.72≤Pr≤90, and for geometrical parameters such as the wave amplitude-to-wavelength ratio 0.2≤α≤0.6. In addition, the results of the two channels were compared with each other's and with the straight channel. Control transport equations are solved using finite element methods. It was found that the flow inside the wavy channels generated re-circulatory reigns, and their size was affected by the wave parameters as well as the Reynolds number. Also, employing high values of Pr extremely enhanced the heat transfer rate (HTR) of the wavy channels over the straight for all values of α and for both raccoon and serpentine channels. In addition, the results indicated that raccoon channels have higher HTR and performance factor compared to the serpentine channel. Finally, the thermal entropy generation dominated over the viscous entropy generation and its decrease with both Reynolds number and Prandtl number for raccoon and serpentine channels. This study focused on the heat transfer enhancement of the corrugated channels due to their importance in many industrial applications where the heat dissipation is critical to their work, including heat exchangers and heat sinks. Thus, the current numerical simulation primarily suggests utilizing the raccoon channel over the serpentine one, due to its higher thermal performance and nearly the same total entropy generation.

ANALISIS KORELASI ANTARA SUDUT SIMPANGAN DAN WAKTU RATAAN PADA BANDUL FISIS DENGAN LATIN SQUARE DESIGN

This study aims to examine the relationship between the angle of deviation and the average time length of a physical pendulum. This study uses primary data, namely practicum report data in a physics laboratory. Data collection was conducted under closed conditions with control variables (shaft length, number of oscillations, and radius of gyration) and dependent variables (angle of deviation and average time). The analysis technique used is a statistical approach technique, namely Latin Square Design analysis. The findings of this study indicate that the variables of deviation angle and average time on the physical pendulum have a strong and unidirectional correlation relationship. This result is evident from the value of F0 > Fcritical and the value of Pr (> P) > 0, 05(significant level) where both of these prove that there is a strong reason to reject H0 which means that there is at least 1 difference in the effect of the angle of deviation on the average time. It shows that the angle of deviation affects the average time of the physical pendulum

PNN-PST-PT ferroelectric ceramics with ultrahigh piezoelectricity and superior electromechanical performance for high quality piezo-sensors

A novel ferroelectric ceramic system, Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3–Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3–PbTiO3 (PNN-PST-PT), with ultrahigh piezoelectricity and super electromechanical performance is developed. The microstructure and crystal structure of PNN-PST-PT ceramics, along with their electrical properties, were examined regarding PNN content. The results indicated that the room-temperature dielectric constant was considerably enhanced with PNN content increasing and the values of Pr, Pmax, and Ec steadily declining. The optimal performance was achieved in the 0.4PNN-0.235PST-0.365 PT composition with a high piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 1028 pC/N and an electromechanical coupling factor (kp) of 0.69. Strong piezoelectric response is attributed to the coexistence of R and T phases as well as the enhanced relaxation characteristics, which manifest as a specific polarization configuration resulting from the local structural distortion caused by the co-occupation of ions with different radii at the B-site. These suggest that PNN-PST-PT ceramics can be a desirable material for applications in high-quality piezosensors, actuators, etc.

Structure and electrical properties of (1-x)Bi3TiTaO9-xNa0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9 piezoelectric ceramic

The lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (1-x)Bi3TiTaO9–xNa0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9 [(1-x)BTT–xNBN; x = 0.0; 0.2; 0.5; 0.7; 1.0] were prepared using the traditional solid-state method, and the microstructure and electrical properties of the novel solid solution (1-x)BTT–xNBN were studied. XRD data and Raman spectroscopy analysis indicated that Na ions and Nb ions had been incorporated into the designed lattice, forming a stable solid solution. The piezoelectric performance of the (1-x)BTT–xNBN ceramics was improved for two reasons: on one hand, the incorporation of NBN could suppress the leakage current caused by Ti ions, effectively reducing the contribution of oxygen vacancies to the direct current resistivity, thereby increasing the ceramic's direct current resistivity (ρdc); on the other hand, the orthorhombic distortion was reduced, and the remanent polarization was enhanced. Among them, the 0.3Bi3TiTaO9-0.7Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9 ceramic demonstrated excellent comprehensive performance: the values of d33, Tc, and Pr were 14.4 pC/N, 777.8 °C, and 9.82 μC/cm2, respectively. Specifically, at 500 °C, tanδ and ρdc were 0.67 % and 1.01 × 108 Ω∙cm, respectively, and after depolarization at 750 °C, its d33 remained at 97.92 % of the original value.

Advancing thermal efficiency and entropy management inside decagonal enclosure with and without hot cylindrical insertions

Effective cooling mechanisms are considered advancements in thermal control systems for diverse engineering purposes. Considering this fact, this investigation explores the analysis of natural convection and entropy generation by employing a decagonal enclosure using Galerkin Residual Finite Element method. In this study, influence of Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), Bejan number (Be), Prandtl number (0.71 ≤ Pr ≤ 7), and isothermal boundary condition are considered. The findings reveal that both Ra and Pr significantly impact the characteristics of convection and flow patterns within the system. In cases with and without the circular object, higher values of Pr and Ra lead to a more pronounced cooling effect on the upper heated surface compared to the lower surface. Also, it enhances the overall thermal efficiency of the system by 112.05 % in comparison to the absence of a cylinder enclosure. These findings shed light on thermal control system advancements and contribute to field progress.

Novel heat exploration investigation for bioconvected Oldroyd-B nanofluid with variable thermal conductivity and Arrhenius energy induced by nailed boundary

Oldroyd-B nanofluids have potential applications in enhanced heat transfer systems, drug delivery, and advanced material processing due to their unique rheological properties. Bioconvection finds applications in biomedical research, environmental monitoring, and optimizing fluid dynamics in biotechnological and pharmaceutical processes. Due to these applications current study investigates bioconvection in the flow of Oldroyd-B nanofluid subjected to Joule heating with convected boundaries. For uniqueness of problem the effects of variable thermal connectivity and activation energy are taken into account. In addation the influence of heat source and thermal radiation are part of current model. The governing PDEs of mathematical model incorporates the Oldroyd-B rheological framework to capture the viscoelastic nature of the fluid are transformed into ODEs via similarity solution. Matlab platform via shooting algorithm is involved to solve transformed system. Through numerical simulations the stimulus of involving parameters on velocity f ′(η) temperature θ(η), concentration ϕ(η), and microbes profile X(η) are displayed in graphical and tabulated form. For strength of problem the streamlines and graphs of physical quantities are also designed. It is noted that velocity curve decreased for increasing value of magnetics parameter and opposite trend is noted in velocity distribution for increasing value of mixed convection parameter λ . Moreover, thermal layer θ is diminished for growing value of Pr , a reverse relation is noted in concentration profile for value of activation energy.

Dynamics of stratified-convected Eyring-Powell nanoliquid featuring chemically reactive species and Ohmic dissipation: Application of Levenberg-Marquardt artificial neural networks(ALM-ANNs)

Magnetic nanoliquids are pondered cutting-edge heat transference liquids, representing a modern generation because of their aptitude to function as smart liquids. The deployed magnetism externally exerts a readily manageable impact, escalating their adaptableness and practicality in various applications. In this analysis, electro magnetized Powell-Eyring rheological nanoliquid is modeled considering stretching cylinder based buoyancy-driven flow. Transport expressions include thermal radiation, Brownian diffusion, chemical reaction, thermophoresis, and thermal source effect. Prandtl theory of boundary-layer (BL) assists to develop the governing problems. Appropriate transformations are deployed to obtain the dimensionless problems which are then computed numerically through the novel Levenberg-Marquardt artificial neural networks(ALM-ANNs). It is worth to mention that the close agreement between the error analysis of the reference dataset and the proposed datasets roughly from E−10 to E−03, further justifies the approaches utilized in this study. Besides the excellent measures of performance in terms of MSE are achieved at level 5.77E−11, 4.41E−11, 2.09E−12, 2.16E−11, 1.03E−11, 1.65E−11, 2.00E−11, and 1.91E−11against 272, 416, 266, 391, 142, 366, 425, and 508 epochs for first instance of all eight various scenarios. The acquired outcomes are compared with alternate analytical (homotopy) scheme and good agreement is witnessed. Furthermore it is noticed that as the values of Pr,RandS1 increase in size, so does the EPFM temperature profile θ, and the evaluation of AE is between E-04 to E-10.

The connections between meteorological conditions and the health status of the population of Suceava municipality. A case study on respiratory afflictions throughout the years 2019-2020 in Suceava

Background: The present study addresses the real necessity of covering the gaps related to the actual understanding of the relationships established between weather patterns and the health status of the population. The urban area of Suceava is representative of medium-sized cities in Romania. Methods: Respiratory pathologies manifest with a temporal offset when compared to intervals with severe weather conditions. The consultation program is one that does not take into account the severity of weather conditions. Through statistical and graphical correlations, strong direct or inverse proportional relationships were identified between meteorological elements, the multitude of meteorological elements represented by bioclimatic indices, and the number of consultations provided to patients with respiratory afflictions. Results: In the winter season when t°C, THI, and TPr have minimum values and Pr has maximum values, the number of consultations for respiratory conditions is at an all-time high. The value of the coefficient of determination R2 between the monthly values of t°C and THI, respectively, the number of consultations for respiratory conditions exceeds the threshold of 0.7, and between the monthly values of Pr and the number of consultations for respiratory afflictions was 0.66. On days when t°C was ≤ 0°C, the average number of consultations for respiratory conditions was 6.1, decreasing to 3 on days when t°C was > 23°C. Conclusions: Respiratory diseases have the most favorable temporal framework for occurrence in the months of the cold season. In winter in Suceava, respiratory conditions affect twice as many people as in summer. Keywords: respiratory afflictions, meteorological elements, bioclimatic indices THI, Pr, and TPr

Impact of solar radiation in the presence of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of non-Newtonian Casson flow on natural convection heat transfer in plume generated due to the combined effects of heat source and aligned magnetic field

Understanding the non-Newtonian Casson fluid is crucial for addressing various challenges in industrial, biological, and environmental applications. In this novel research, Casson fluid with temperature-dependent variable thermal conductivity is analyzed by a natural convective plume generated by horizontal line heat source. The plume system is under the influence of solar radiation and an aligned magnetic field. The momentum equation is transmuted for Casson fluid, while energy equation transmuted for solar radiation and variable thermal conductivity. The coupled partial differential equations changed into ordinary differential equation by employing stream function formulation. For computational evaluation, bvp4c built-in tool of MATLAB is employed in combination with Shooting technique in order to analyze both missing and specified boundary conditions. The upshots of Casson parameter β 1 , thermal conductivity variable γ 1 , radiation parameter Rd , magnetic force parameter S , Prandtl number Pr and magnetic Prandtl number γ on specified and missing conditions are highlighted in the graphical illustrations. The computed outcomes for missing conditions depicts that for Casson parameter β 1 velocity f ′ and temperature θ drops while current density increased with increment in β 1 . Whereas, for specified boundary conditions, the skin friction f ″ and magnetic flux ϕ ′ decreases while heat transfer rate θ ′ enhances for increasing β 1 . For missing conditions, the increasing thermal conductivity variable γ 1 causes velocity f ′ , current density ϕ ″ , and temperature θ to drop. While for specified conditions, the skin friction f ″ , magnetic flux ϕ ′ increases but heat transfer rate θ ′ exhibits reverse trend with enhancing γ 1 . Additionally, a validation analysis has been performed by comparing the values of f ′ ( 0 ) for various values of Pr with prior work, while excluding the other parameters to check its limitations at the boundary layer.

Understanding the corrosion and structural potential of 95Al-RHA-PSA composite for advance application

Material reinforcement has become popular in improving properties, such as corrosion, mechanical and wear behaviour. Aluminium-base composite has found usefulness in the technology of automobiles, aerospace, and marine and designs of a wide range of components. The use of reinforcement materials increases the efficiency of composites products and reduces overall expenses. Aluminium alloy composite provides low-cost advantages over many other matrix composites. The use of agro-based waste material as reinforcement alternatives is becoming very important because of its close to nothing cost and availability to produce nanoparticles. This study aim to use agro based processed rice hulls (RHA) and periwinkle shells (PSA) to improve aluminium properties in an attempt to gain prominence in today's automotive advancements. SEM imaging was conducted at a magnification of 15,000 at 20 kV to evaluate structural properties, while X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) images were utilized to observe the crystallography peaks and phases of the developed alloys. Rockwell hardness testing, in accordance with ASTM E18 standards, involved subjecting the samples to a 30 kg/f load for 30 s using a hardened steel ball for indentation. Corrosion properties were assessed via linear polarization resistance and open circuit potential measurements. From the results, there is a higher corrosion resistance from 95Al-RHA-PSA composite samples compared to the control (aluminium alloy) samples. The lower values of jcorr and higher values of Pr of the 95Al-RHA-PSA composite samples also indicated that the RHA and PSA content of the composite minimized the penetration of chloride ions into the active sites of the composite samples. The 95Al-2RHA-3PSA composite sample exhibited the lowest Cr of 1.4172 mm/year, lowest jcorr of 1.220E-04 A/cm2 and highest Pr of 70.02 Ω, which indicated the 95Al-2RHA-3PSA composite sample provided the most significant passivation, leading higher corrosion resistance. The XRD of the control sample has several crystallographic phases, with AlNi3Al2SiO8 exhibiting the most elevated peak intensity at about 550 a.u (2θ = 39°). In comparison, the peak intensity of the other crystals is less than 200 a.u. However, the 95Al-RHA-PSA composite samples exhibited crystallites of higher peak intensities and better morphological strengthening characteristics. The findings suggest promising prospects for the development of sustainable and long-lasting aluminium alloy for automotive use.

Enhanced structural, magnetodielectric, and multiferroic response in Fe and Co Co-doped Barium strontium titanate ceramics

In this paper, the ambient temperature multiferroic effect resulting from the incorporation of transition metal ions (Fe3+ and Co2+) in lead-free BST [ Ba0.7Sr0.3(Fex/2Cox/2)Ti1−xO3;x=0,0.01,0.03,0.05,0.07 ] ceramics synthesized via the solid-state reaction (SSR) procedure has been thoroughly analyzed. The investigation consistently scrutinized the effects of augmenting transition metal co-doping on the structural, ferroelectric, dielectric, magnetic, and magnetodielectric characteristics. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for all ceramic compositions demonstrated the formation of a monophasic (P4mm) crystalline structure. The Raman analysis evidenced the presence of various modes, which are associated with the occurrence of the single-phase and provide strong corroboration for the x-ray diffraction observations. Scanning electron micrographs reveals that the inclusion of transition metal ions results in the diminution of grain size. The frequency-dependent dielectric characteristics were represented over the frequency range of 1 kHz to 1 MHz. The P-E hysteresis curves demonstrate a consistent reduction in the values of Ps and Pr, whereas, the M-H curve reveals the enhancement in magnetic properties with increased doping. The magnetodielectric analysis confirmed the interplay between the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic ordering. The BST-1CF sample exhibited the highest MC % value of 5.30% along with the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient ‘γ’ of −6.01×10−1(memu/g)−2, making it a favorable entrant for the advancement of innovative non-volatile multiferroic memory gadgets.

Experimental investigation of the Reynolds analogy for high Prandtl number fluid with repeated rib roughness

Reynolds analogy describes the relationship between friction (f/2) and heat transfer (St) owing to their superficial resemblance. However, Reynolds analogy is limited to simple geometries with a Prandtl number (Pr) close to unity. To extend Reynolds analogy, we measured the St and f/2 simultaneously using a high Pr fluid in duct flow in vertical duct flow with repeated rib roughness. The experiments were performed at a fixed value of Pr, 2014, Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 9.1 × 103 to 9.6 × 104, and relative roughness (e/D) ranging from 0.01 to 0.04. In the high Pr fluid, the St was much lower than f/2, as most of heat exchange occurred in the conduction sublayer, resulting from a thin thermal boundary layer. On the rough surface, both f/2 and St were higher than on the smooth surface. However, the influence of Re and e/D was different. The differences stem from that the corresponding phenomenon to pressure drag in friction does not exist in heat transfer. The extended Reynolds analogy correlation was developed. In addition, the efficiency factor was defined as the ratio of the enhancement rates of St and f/2 on the rough surface to those on the smooth surface. The efficiency factor decreased with Re and e/D, while it increased with Pr.

The value of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and keratins 5 and 14 immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of epithelial proliferations at cauterised margins in breast-conserving surgery specimens

In breast conservative surgery, it is sometimes difficult to decide whether the cauterised tissue at the inked margin represents normal / hyperplastic or neoplastic tissue. We retrospectively assessed the value of ER, PR, CK5 and CK14 IHC in clarifying the nature of cauterised tissues at the margins concerning 34 lesions of 23 patients. 27 cases belonged to lesions that could not be adequately classified on the basis of the HE stains. Two thirds of them could be classified as non-neoplastic or neoplastic and two thirds of the remaining could be favourised as neoplastic or non-neoplastic, with 3/27 cases remaining uncertain. All 4 IHC reactions were helpful in classifying the lesions in almost half of the cases. However, 3 or 4 immunostains were supportive of the classification in 19/27. The most useful stains were the keratins, generally demonstrating a matching pattern of cell labelling with CK5 and CK14. ER and PR were somewhat less useful in classifying uncertain lesions. Considering all the 27 questionable lesions, IHC with ER, PR, CK5 and CK14 clarified the lesions at the cauterised margins in 23 cases. Taken all these considerations into account, CK5, CK14, PR and ER IHC may help in distinguishing between cautery damaged neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues. All four IHC may yield the best support for decision making, but CK5 and/or CK14 may be sufficient in their own. The essential approach is that the results must be interpreted with caution, in the context of the given patient’s disease, to avoid misinterpretations.

EnDL-HemoLyt: Ensemble Deep Learning-based Tool for Identifying Therapeutic Peptides with Low Hemolytic Activity.

Low hemolytic therapeutic peptides have gained an edge over small molecule-based medicines. However, finding low hemolytic peptides in laboratory is time-consuming, costly and necessitates the use of mammalian red blood cells. Therefore, wet-lab researchers often perform in-silico prediction to select low hemolytic peptides before proceeding with in-vitro testing. The in-silico tools available for this purpose have following limitations: (i) They do not provide predictions for peptides having N/C terminal modifications. (ii) Data is food for AI; however, datasets used to create existing tools do not contain peptide data generated over past eight years. (iii) Performance of available tools is also low. Therefore, a novel framework has been proposed in current work. Proposed framework utilizes recent dataset and uses ensemble learning technique to combine the decisions produced by bidirectional long short-term memory, bidirectional temporal convolutional network, and 1-dimensional convolutional neural network deep learning algorithms. Deep learning algorithms are capable of extracting features themselves from data. However, instead of relying solely on deep learning-based features (DLF), handcrafted features (HCF) were also provided so that deep learning algorithms can learn features that are missing from HCF, and a better feature vector can be constructed by concatenating HCF and DLF. Additionally, ablation studies were carried out to understand the roles of an ensemble algorithm, HCF, and DLF in the proposed framework. Ablation studies found that the ensemble algorithm, HCF and DLF are crucial components of proposed framework, and there is a decrease in performance on eliminating any of them. Mean value of performance metrics, namely Acc, Sn, Pr, Fs, Sp, Ba, and Mcc obtained by proposed framework for test data is ≈ 87, 85, 86, 86, 88, 87, and 73, respectively. To aid scientific community, model developed from proposed framework has been deployed as a web server at https://endl-hemolyt.anvil.app/.

Thermal analysis of 3D viscoelastic micropolar nanofluid with cattaneo-christov heat via exponentially stretchable sheet: Darcy-forchheimer flow exploration

This article presents a comprehensive study on the thermal behavior of a three dimensional viscoelastic micropolar nanofluid under the inspiration of Cattaneo-Christov heat conduction model. The nanofluid is subject to an exponentially stretchable sheet and the flow is characterized by Darcy-Forchheimer formulation. Similarity variables are used to convert viscoelastic nanofluids PDEs into ODEs. MATLAB platform with bvp4c command is used to solve resulting ODE. The impact of involving parameters such that velocity ratio, Schmidt number, Prandtl number, Peclet number, Forchheimer number, buoyancy ratio parameter, Brownian motion, Heat source, Magnetic parameter on velocity profiles, rotation, temperature concentration and density profiles via graphs and tables. Temperature curve is improved up for magnetic parameters, temperature exponent parameter and thermopherosis parameter while significance loss is noted for increasing value of Prandtl number Pr and relaxation time λT. This research bears significance in applications related to advanced heat exchangers, microfluidic systems, and other emerging technologies where the interplay of nanofluids, viscoelasticity, and non-local heat conduction is of paramount importance.

Bioelectrical Impedance Phase Angle Value and Prolongations of PR and Corrected QT Intervals in Patients Undergoing Dialysis

Introduction: Phase angle value, derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis, represents the body cell mass and nutritional status of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Although the phase angle value has clinical significance in these patients, its relationship with electrocardiogram (ECG), another clinically relevant bioelectrical examination, has not yet been well clarified. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-four patients undergoing dialysis (80 females and 144 males; mean ± SD, 72.2 ± 12.0 years old; 117 diabetic and 107 nondiabetic patients) were studied retrospectively. Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed immediately after the end of dialysis therapy. The phase shift was geometrically converted into a phase angle value. The ECG was recorded simultaneously, and the upper limits of the PR interval, QRS width, and corrected QT interval (QTc) were set at 0.20, 0.12, and 0.44 s, respectively. The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), a representative nutritional index, was also determined. In addition, we examined the incidence of cardiac events, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiac revascularization procedure, cardiac arrhythmia, and cardiac death, or all-cause death. Results: Of 224 patients undergoing dialysis, the prolongation of the PR interval, QRS width, and QTc was found in 30.7, 17.4, and 62.1%, respectively. The prevalence of QTc prolongation was higher in females and diabetic patients than in males and nondiabetic patients. An inverse relationship between phase angle value and QTc was observed only in males and nondiabetic patients. The relationships of GNRI both with phase angle value and QTc were stronger in males and nondiabetic patients. In addition, PR interval was inversely correlated with a phase angle value only in nondiabetic patients. No significant correlation was found between phase angle value and QRS width. Five-year survival probability for the composite endpoints was significantly worse in patients with lower phase angle values. QTc prolongation was associated with survival in males and nondiabetic patients. Prolonged PR was associated with survival in nondiabetic patients. Discussion: Relationships between phase angle value and ECG findings were demonstrated in patients undergoing dialysis, especially in males and nondiabetic patients. Although the phase angle value has been considered as an index for evaluating nutritional status, another clinical application of phase angle value in predicting cardiac complications seems to be useful.

Kesan Penggantian Litium ke atas Struktur, Sifat Fizikal dan Sifat Elektrik terhadap Seramik BCZT

The invention of novel lead-free piezoelectric materials with ABO3 perovskite structure, based on barium calcium zirconate titanate (BCZT) for application in various device especially in sensor application. In this work, BCZT with lithium substitution at the calcium site with composition Ba0.85Ca0.15-xLi2xZr0.1Ti0.9O3 (x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09 and 0.12) were synthesized by using the conventional, solid state reaction method. The influence of different Li content on the structure, microstructure, density, and electrical properties were investigated. The results show that substitution led to the improvement of the physical and electrical properties of the piezoelectric ceramic materials. The physical properties show the largest grain size and the highest value of density, ρ which is 4.158 g/cm3 for x = 0.06. This physical properties led to the highest value of piezoelectric coefficient, d33, remnant polarisation, Pr and saturated polarization, Ps which are 304.6 pC/N, 3.27 µC/cm2, and 5.54 µC/cm2, respectively, while the highest dielectric constant, ɛr was 3994 when x = 0.12.

Investigation of structural, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of nickel substituted BST ceramics

ABSTRACT The current study demonstrates the effect of Ni-substitution on the structural, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Ba0.90Sr0.10Ti1-xNixO3 (where x = 0.000, 0.005, 0.015 and 0.025) ceramics, synthesized by solid-state reaction approach. A pure perovskite phase with tetragonal structure has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed change in microstructure. The dielectric behavior of the prepared ceramics was investigated as a function of temperature (30–150°C) at different frequencies. The results indicate that there is an increase in dielectric constant (ϵRT) and low dielectric loss (tanδRT) were obtained at room temperature by substitution of Ni2+ ions in BST ceramics, offering a promising material for capacitor applications at room temperature. Room temperature P-E loops were recorded at different applied electric fields and typical hysteresis loops were obtained. Improvement in the values of Pr and Pmax was observed by substitution of Ni2+ ions.

Risk analysis of temperature, humidity, ventilation, use of mosquito repellent, and smoking behaviour on the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Toddlers

Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are commonly experienced by children, infants, and toddlers. This study analysed the relationship of several factors that cause the occurrence of ARI in Toddlers, namely temperature, humidity, exposure to cigarette smoke, and the use of mosquito repellent.
 This study used the meta-analysis method by doing a literature search and then finding the value of the effect size using JASP.
 The research with meta-analysis showed that the smoking behaviour of family members is the highest risk of ARI in toddlers with a value of PR=E1.57=4,572 (95% CI 1.28-1.77). Furthermore, ventilation is the second highest risk of ARI in toddlers, with PR=E1.36=3.896. Then the humidity condition with the value of PR=E1.31=3.706. Other variables, such as air temperature risk increasing the incidence of ARI up to 2,829 times, and mosquito coils that had an impact up to 2,293 times increased the risk of ARI in Toddlers.
 All variables can increase the risk of ARI in toddlers, with the three most potent variables being smoking behaviour, ventilation, and humidity. Other variables can still increase the risk of ARI in toddlers, but to a lesser extent