Low-density Lipoprotein Values Research Articles

Evaluation of glucagon-like peptide-1, adropin, and desnutrin levels, and related factors in patients with bipolar disorder

Objective: It is known that impaired energy metabolism contributes to the neuropathology of bipolar disorder (BD). Our aim in this study was to compare the levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), adropin and desnutrin, which have many metabolic functions after the regulation of energy metabolism in patients with bipolar disorder and those in healthy controls, and to investigate the related factors. Methods: To the study group of the research, 73 age- and sex-matched people were included. Of them, 35 were patients diagnosed with BD, and 38 were healthy individuals. In the blood samples, in addition to routine biochemistry lipid parameters, the levels of adropin, desnutrin and GLP-1 were determined. Results: Adropin, desnutrin and GLP-1 levels were significantly lower in the patients with bipolar disorder than were those in the healthy controls. On the other hand, Body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein values were significantly higher in the patients with BD than were those in the healthy controls (p

Effect of Pilates on Body Composition and Some Biochemical Parameters of Women with Type 2 Diabetes on a Low-Carbohydrate or High-Complex-Carbohydrate Diabetic Diet

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased dramatically in the past 30 years. The World Health Organization has prepared an action plan to stop the increase in diabetes and obesity by 2025. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the effect of pilates on body composition and some biochemical parameters in women with T2DM on a high-complex-carbohydrate diabetic diet or a low-carbohydrate/high-monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) diet. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 120 woman patients with T2DM, referring to the Fatih Medical Park Hospital’s Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey, between December 2018 and June 2019. Participants were divided into 4 groups and were followed up for 12 weeks. The mean participants’ age was 41.67 ± 3.83 years. The first group received a low-carbohydrate and high MUFA (LC, MUFA) diet, the second group received a low-carbohydrate and a high-MUFA diet and did pilates (LC, MUFA + PL), the third group received a higher complex carbohydrate (HCC) diet, and the fourth group took the HCC diet and did pilates (HCC + PL). Results: According to the applied intervention method, there were significant differences between the preliminary and final measurements of body mass index, body fat percentage, muscle mass, and fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG) values (P < 0.05). In this study, only an increase in body muscle composition of the women in the LC, MUFA + PL group was found significant (P < 0.05). The highest decrease in body fat ratio was determined again in the LC, MUFA + PL group (P < 0.05). HDL levels of the women who did pilates increased significantly than other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In the treatment of diabetes, the patient should be evaluated with a multidisciplinary team. Diet and exercise are important non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of diabetes.

Dyslipidemia is the hallmark of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increases after menopause and may be due to changes in the plasma lipid-lipoprotein levels that occur following menopausal transition. Physiological estrogen withdrawal during menopause plays a major role in abnormal lipid metabolism such as elevated low-density lipoprotein concentration. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between dyslipidemia and the causative factors of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. In this cross-sectional study, 290 postmenopausal Sudanese women were included. Lipid profiles were measured by spectrophotometer, estrogen hormone determined by ELISA, insulin resistance determined by HOMA-2 calculator and lipid accumulation product was calculated by the following equation (waist circumference in cm X triglyceride concentration in mM). The results revealed that total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein levels and very low-density lipoprotein levels were significantly higher in the postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome (MS) in comparison to those without the MS. Elevated total cholesterol levels were seen in 51.7 %, elevated triglycerides were seen in 49.7% and elevated low-density lipoprotein levels were seen in 29.3% whereas reduced high density lipoprotein levels were seen in 16.89% of the postmenopausal women. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein values showed a significant positive correlation with insulin resistance and lipid accumulation and a significant negative correlation with the estrogen hormone level. In addition, high density lipoproteins showed a significant negative correlation with lipid accumulation levels.

Gender features of metabolic status and tolerance to physical activity in patients with acute coronary syndrome in the dynamics of rehabilitation measures

The gender peculiarities of metabolic status were studied in patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent outpatient rehabilitation in the day hospital. It was found that in the overwhelming majority of patients of both sexes there was not only an increase in body mass index values relative to normal values, but also the waist circumference as a sign of abdominal fat tissue deposition. In the group of women the values of these indices were higher than in men. They were much more frequently diagnosed with 1st and 3rd degree obesity as compared to men with higher frequency and severity of abdominal obesity. The study of blood lipid and carbohydrate spectra revealed initially more significant fat metabolism disorders in male patients, but in comparison with female patients after rehabilitation measures more pronounced positive dynamics of blood biochemical indices was observed: decrease of values of low density lipoproteins, atherogenicity index and triglycerides. In carrying out stress testing, men, compared with women, both before and after rehabilitation showed a higher tolerance for physical activity and aerobic reserves of the cardiorespiratory system, which, among other indicators, indicates a higher efficiency of their rehabilitation course.

4265 Effect of individual characteristics, healthcare access, and built environment on care coordination outcomes related to cardiovascular disease risk factors

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We examined how individual characteristics and characteristics of the socioeconomic and built environment were associated with care coordination’s effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks to identify geographic areas that may benefit from supplementary clinic-community linkages. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We analyzed data with geocoded residential addresses and data from electronic health records for 9946 adults from a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services funded innovation project from 7/1/2013 to 3/30/2015. Variables included patient-level demographics, Elixhauser comorbidity index, total time with a nurse care manager, and neighborhood factors such as poverty indicators, walkability, and social capital index. Outcomes were change in CVD risk factors, hemoglobin A1C, blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Generalized linear models were used to assess the effect of nurse care management program on outcomes after controlling for confounding factors. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We report preliminary models that include patient demographics (age, sex, race), health care utilization, nurse care manager contact time, Elixhauser comorbidity index, neighborhood education status, percent of population below 200% federal poverty level, median home value, walkability score of the residential address, and social capital index. After adjusting for all mentioned variables, in adults with HbA1C more than 7.5% at baseline, females had worsening HbA1C by 0.53% over the study period. Additionally, LDL values in females worsened over the study period by 4.8 mg/dL after adjusting for all variables. No clinically significant changes were noted for BP. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Women’s HbA1C and LDL worsened despite nurse care management and may benefit from additional community-based interventions or interventionists. In future analyses, we anticipate that CVD risk will worsen for patients with higher fast food proximity and with greater geographic distance from their PCP.

Inclusion of Limited Amounts of Extruded Legumes Plus Cereal Mixes in Normocaloric or Obesogenic Diets for Rats: Effects on Lipid Profile.

Overweight and obesity are regarded as world epidemics and are major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Two new highly palatable extruded mixes based on rice and pea (Pisum sativum) or kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) meals were incorporated into normocaloric or obesogenic diets for rats at a low inclusion level (25%). Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of dietary incorporation of this new food ingredient on lipid profile. Organs (heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, stomach, small intestine, colon, cecum) and visceral fat relative weights were different (p < 0.01) from controls for animals fed the obesogenic diets and in rats fed extruded diets with respect to controls. Faecal excretion of bile acids was higher (p < 0.01) for rats fed extruded mixes compared with controls. The inclusion of extruded mixes replacing part of the casein in the control diet lowered liver cholesterol and triglycerides (p < 0.001) and plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL; p < 0.01) values, although plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was unaltered. Both the inclusion of extruded mixes and the use of obesogenic diets resulted in significantly (p < 0.001) different long chain fatty acid (LCFA) profiles in liver and visceral fat. Incorporating extruded legume plus cereal mixes beneficially influenced lipid metabolism, and would therefore deserve closer attention in human intervention studies, particularly with adolescents. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the nutritional and physiological effects of extruded legume plus cereal mixes.

Risk Factors, Clinical Features of the Course of Myocardial Infarction and Treatment of Young Patients Based on Two Hospital Registries

Aim.To identify specific risk factors and features of the course of myocardial infarction (MI) in young patients.Material and methods.The study design is based on a comparison of observation data for patients of different ages from the Russian RECORD-3 registry (n=2359) and the registry of acute coronary syndrome of the Kemerovo city in 2015 (n=1343). The clinical and anamnestic portrait was determined, the frequency of hospital complications and the “hard” endpoints were evaluated.Results.Young patients with myocardial infarction (MI) according to RECORD-3 are more often male smokers (p=0.001) with a heredity in cardiovascular pathology (p=0.034), who have an uncomplicated STEMI upon admission to the hospital, and are sent for coronary angiography with stenting (p=0.001), without prescribing statins in the primary and secondary prevention (p=0.050 and p=0.016, respectively). There were no differences with other age groups by endpoints a year later; during the current hospitalization, young patients less often died (p=0.001) or had a relapse of MI (p=0.011). Young patients with MI from Kemerovo were also mostly male smokers (p=0.001), who more often had a history of chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, and lipid metabolism disorders (p=0.001), who admitted to the hospital with uncomplicated STEMI, actively undergoing thrombolytic therapy and endovascular diagnosis and treatment (p=0.001). However, it should be noted that these patients were less likely to receive aspirin (p=0.015), dual antiplatelet therapy (p=0.003), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (p=0.040) and statins (p=0.001). Moreover, in young patients with MI, deficiency of high density lipoproteins (p=0.005) was more often found in the absence of very high values of low density lipoproteins (p=0.001). Among the complications of inpatient treatment, it should be noted a tendency to bleeding (p=0.001). One year after referent MI a high proportion of repeated non-fatal MI (p=0.005) and deaths (p=0.001) were observed. A comparison of the registries showed that young patients from Kemerovo were more likely to have STEMI (p=0.032), they were more likely to have stenting (p=0.004), they were more often diagnosed with chronic renal and heart failure (p=0.001), and more often ACE inhibitors was prescribed (p=0.017), and MI during hospitalization was more often complicated by bleeding (p=0.003).Conclusion.From 1.7 to 2.4% of all MI occurs in young patients. The most frequent version of the debut is STEMI. The leading factors of cardiovascular risk in such patients are the male gender, active smoking, a hereditary history of cardiovascular diseases, low cholesterol of high density lipoproteins with insufficient statins prevention. In young patients of the Kemerovo registry, chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease were more often observed, and ACE inhibitors were prescribed, hospitalization was often accompanied by bleeding. In a young age differences in the frequency and structure of outcomes in one year after referent MI were not found when comparing registries.

The Safest Values of Low Density Lipoproteins in the Plasma

The Safest Values of Low Density Lipoproteins in the Plasma

Assessment of risk factors for multifocal atherosclerosis in the workers of the main professions of coal enterprises in the South of Kuzbass

Introduction. The problem of high mortality from cardiovascular diseases is caused, among other things, by asymptomatic atherosclerosis, which proceeds latently for a long time and manifests itself as a serious vascular catastrophe, which is of particular importance for people working at production facilities with difficult and dangerous working conditions.The aim of the study was to assess the risk factors for atherosclerosis and the state of the vascular wall in the workers of the main professions of coal enterprises in the South of Kuzbass.Material and methods. In total, the study included 384 people (men), of whom 266 were the workers in coal mines in the South of Kuzbass and 118 people who were not employed in the coal industry, aged 40 to 55 years. The diagnosis of atherosclerosis was carried out on the ultrasound system “Vivid E9” of the manufacturing company GE using a linear sensor for measuring the thickness of the intima-media complex and visualization of atherosclerotic plaques. To identify significant risk factors, anthropometric, anamnestic data, indices of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and the presence of arterial hypertension were studied.Results. Significant differences in the frequency of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in the form of an increase in intima-media thickness by more than 1 mm and / or the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in both groups were not found: 60.2% among the miners and 62.3% among non-coal mining workers (p=0.703); at the same time, the percentage of detection of atherosclerotic plaques in arteries was significantly lower among coal workers — 46.9% versus 60.5% among people in the comparison group (p=0.016). The common risk factors for all examined subjects were arterial hypertension and increased level of glycated hemoglobin; in turn, in coal miners additional risk factors were increased values of low density lipoproteins and waist-hip index, as well as burdened heredity for cardiovascular diseases, and among the individuals not employed in the coal industry it was smoking.Conclusions. The most significant risk factors for atherosclerosis in coal industry workers were arterial hypertension, raised values of glycated hemoglobin, low density lipoproteins and waist-hip index, as well as burdened heredity for cardiovascular diseases. Significant differences in the frequency of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in the form of an increase in the thickness of the intima-media complex of the main arteries and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in both groups were not established, but the percentage of the detection of atherosclerotic plaques was lower among coal miners.The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Effect of Icariside II and Metformin on Penile Erectile Function, Histological Structure, Mitochondrial Autophagy, Glucose-Lipid Metabolism, Angiotensin II and Sex Hormone in Type 2 Diabetic Rats With Erectile Dysfunction.

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction (T2DMED) is one of the common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Icariside II (ICA II), a flavonoid derived from Epimedium, has been shown to improve erectile function in T2DMED rats.AimTo investigate the effect of ICA II and metformin (MET) on penile erectile function, mitochondrial autophagy, glucose-lipid metabolism in rats with T2DMED.MethodsIn the control and T2DMED groups, rats were administered normal saline. In the MET group, rats were administered MET for 0.2 g/kg/day. In the ICA II+MET group, rats were administered ICA II for 10 mg/kg/day and MET for 0.2 g/kg/day.ResultsThe number of mating rats, number of erectile rats, erection rate, erection frequency, intracorneal pressure, and intracorneal pressure/mean arterial pressure in the ICA II+MET group and control group were significantly higher than corresponding values in than T2DMED group. The absolute values of fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin in the ICA II+MET group, MET group, and control group were significantly lower than in the T2DMED group. The advanced glycation end product (AGE) values in the ICA II+MET group and the MET group were lower than in the T2DMED group. The receptors for the AGE values and angiotensin II values in the ICA II+MET group were lower than in the T2DMED and MET groups. The high-density lipoprotein values, testosterone values, nitric oxide synthase activity, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate content in the ICA II+MET and control groups were higher than in the T2DMED group. The low-density lipoprotein values, triglyceride values, estradiol values, and total cholesterol values in the ICA II+MET and control groups were lower than in the T2DMED group.ConclusionICA II could increase erectile function and smooth muscle cell/collagen fibril proportions, decreased mitochondrial autophagy, and AGE concentrations and improve lipid metabolism, nitric oxide synthase activity, cyclic guanosine monophosphate content, testosterone, estradiol, and Ang II in rat with T2DMED.Zhang J, Li S, Zhang S, et al. Effect of Icariside II and Metformin on Penile Erectile Function, Histological Structure, Mitochondrial Autophagy, Glucose-Lipid Metabolism, Angiotensin II and Sex Hormone in Type 2 Diabetic Rats With Erectile Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2020;8:168–177.

Is Cholecystectomy in Patients with Symptomatic Uncomplicated Cholelithiasis Beneficial in Improving the Lipid Profile?

IntroductionGallstone disease is an emerging health issue worldwide with its incidence on the rise. The development of gallstone disease is multifactorial, with risk factors including increased age, female sex, obesity, and the use of oral contraceptive pills. It has been established that more than 50% of patients with gallstone disease have a coexisting lipid disorder. Cholecystectomy, the definitive management of gallstones, may improve the lipid profiles of some patients.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the postoperative changes in the lipid profiles of patients who underwent cholecystectomy. These lipid profiles include levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), and the Chol/HDL ratio.MethodsThis retrospective study included 55 patients who underwent cholecystectomy between 2013 and 2017. Biochemical parameters, which include LDL, TG, HDL, and TC levels, were collected using the hospital’s recording system, in addition to the calculation of the Chol/HDL ratio.ResultsStatistically significant changes included a reduction in the mean LDL values in the two-, four-, and six-month postoperative periods (P = 0.029, 0.000, and 0.008, respectively), increased mean TG levels one-week postoperatively (P = 0.034), decreased mean TC levels at four (P = 0.049) and six months (P = 0.026) after cholecystectomy, and increased Chol/HDL ratio at two and 12 months postoperatively (P = 0.03, and 0.022, respectively).ConclusionsFrom the results, it can be concluded that cholelithiasis is associated with abnormal lipid profiles and that undergoing cholecystectomy may improve them and reduce the future risk of developing coronary artery disease. However, further research is needed to confirm this association.

Assessment of Lifestyle Practices and Nutritional Status among Undergraduate Medical Students

Background and Objectives: Overweight and obesity are not only the biggest problem among the middle-aged but also among children, teenagers and young adults. Early detection of the factors causing obesity, in turn, helps in the prevention of its complications. The objectives of the study were to assess the various lifestyle practices among medical students and to correlate the relationship between the nutritional status and biochemical parameters.&#x0D; Methods: A cross-sectional - study was conducted on MBBS students studying at Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Mandya, Karnataka, India. Self-administered questionnaires were given to the students followed by the recording of their anthropometric measurements. Nutritional status was assessed using the Body Mass Index (BMI). Fasting blood sample was collected from the student and analysed the biochemical parameters.&#x0D; Results: Out of 325 students, 48.9% were male students and 51.1% were female students. It was found that a higher percentage of female students (53%) was on a balanced diet as compared to male students (47.2%). The daily consumption of fruits and vegetables were less amongst students of both genders. Mean values of Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C) were higher among male students as compared to female students. Mean values of few biochemical parameters like FBS, TC, TG and LDL-C were higher amongst obese students along with a corresponding decrease in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C).&#x0D; Conclusion: Our study showed that unhealthy dietary and lifestyle practices were associated with increased levels of various biochemical parameters and it was more common amongst male students. Increased biochemical parameters like FBS, TC, TG and LDL-C with the corresponding decrease in HDL-C is an alarming sign for increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease among the younger age group.

Associations of serum low-density lipoprotein and systolic blood pressure levels with type 2 diabetic patients with and without peripheral neuropathy: systemic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of observational studies

BackgroundCompositional abnormalities in lipoproteins and cardiovascular risk factors play an important role in the progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). This systematic review aimed to estimate the predicting value of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) level in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without peripheral neuropathy. We also tried to determine whether LDL and SBP are associated with an increased collision risk of DPN.MethodsA systematic search was conducted for eligible publications which explored the LDL and SBP level in T2DM patients with and without peripheral neuropathy. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the QUADAS-2 tool. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI of LDL and SBP level were pooled to assess the correlation between LDL and SBP level with DPN. We performed random effects meta-regression analyses to investigate factors associated with an increased collision risk of DPN.ResultsThere was a significant association between LDL and SBP with poor prognosis of DPN in those included studies (I2 = 88.1% and I2 = 84.9%, respectively, Both P < 0.001). European T2DM patients have higher serum level of LDL in compare with the European DPN patients (SMD = 0.16, 95% CI: − 0.06 - 0.38; P < 0.001). SBP level was associated with a 2.6-fold decrease in non-DPN patients of T2DM (SMD = − 2.63, 95% CI: − 4.00 - -1.27, P < 0.001). Old age European T2DM patients have significantly high risk for diabetes drivers. Furthermore, the results of the case-control study design model are more precise to show the accuracy of SBP in Asian T2DM patients.ConclusionOur finding supports the LDL and SBP status could be associated with increased risk of peripheral neuropathy in T2DM patients.

PDB2 USING REAL WORLD DATA TO EXAMINE TRIGLYCERIDES, LDL-CHOLESTEROL, AND HDL-CHOLESTEROL AS PREDICTORS OF PROGRESSION FROM NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS TO HEPATOCELLULAR CANCER AND LIVER CIRRHOSIS

The aims of this study were to (1) examine changes in triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol after a diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and (2) measure the incidence of liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) by lipid type. Patients with a laboratory measure for triglycerides, LDL-, or HDL-cholesterol in the year prior to their first diagnosis of NASH (ICD-10 code K75.81; defined as baseline period) were identified in a large electronic medical record network. Mean values for each lipid were assessed in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year after the first NASH diagnosis. LC and HCC incidence were measured in patients with consistently abnormal and normal baseline values. Risk ratios (95% CIs) compared triglyceride (150+ vs <150 mg/dL), HDL (<60 vs 60+ mg/dL), and LDL (130+ vs <130 mg/dL)] values, adjusting for confounding using a 1:1 matched greedy-nearest-neighbor propensity score model. Patients were 57±13 years old and 45% male at baseline (triglycerides: N=12,070; LDL: N=12,042; and HDL: N=13,124). After the incident diagnosis of NASH, the mean triglyceride values increased monotonically (baseline:176 mg/dL; 3rd year: 185 mg/dL), LDL values decreased monotonically (baseline: 96.8 mg/dL; 3rd year: 90 mg/dL), and HDL values remained stable. After adjusting for co-morbidities and baseline medications, patients with abnormal triglycerides were 1.6 (1.1-2.4) times as likely to develop LC. Patients with abnormal HDL, were 1.6 (0.7-3.3) times as likely to develop HCC. Other models did not predict progression. Mean triglyceride values increased in the 3-years following the incident NASH diagnosis and elevated triglycerides at baseline predicted progression to LC. Although not statistically significant, patients with abnormal HDL had an increased risk of HCC. Robust laboratory data provides real-world-evidence to support studies showing triglyceride values to be an important bio-marker for disease progression and interventions in NASH patients.

Comparison of Apolipoprotein B and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol As Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Many large-scale studies have reported that current American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology guidelines overestimate Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk by 75% - 150%. People, who achieve low density lipoprotein (LDL) target with active statin therapy, still remain at a residual risk for cardiovascular disease and have high levels of apolipoprotein B (ApoB). The goal of this retrospective case-control study was to compare LDL and ApoB as predictors of ASCVD. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention9s National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) data from the 2013-2014 was the data source for this study. Around 5,768 subjects participated in the study and 1522 participants met the study criteria. Of these, 162 (Male = 93, Female = 69 ) were cases (subjects with ASCVD) and 1,360 (Male = 629, Female = 731) were controls (subjects without ASCVD). Chi-square test, correlation coefficient, and logistic regression were used to analyze data. P-value of 0.05). Logistic regression results indicated that cases were 3 times more likely to have an increased LDL value but not likely to have an increased ApoB when compared to controls. The study concluded that LDL is an independent predictor of ASCVD and is a better marker than ApoB.

5 Conservative treatment for PAD - Risk factor management.

5 Conservative treatment for PAD - Risk factor management.

Alarin/FSH Ratio Might Be A New Biological Marker in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women with Normal and Women with Obese

Neuropeptides coordinate and regulate physiological processes in all animals. Alarin is a 25 amino acid neuropeptide which promotes the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). It has been known that serum luteinizing hormone levels are increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Therefore, purpose of this was to examine the association of circulating gonadotropin secretions, and alarin with women with polycystic ovary syndrome, and to compare these findings with those of control subjects in an effort to better understand the pathophysiology of PCOS. 28 participants with a diagnosis of PCOS with normal weight and 28 participants with a diagnosis of PCOS with obese and 28 control group participants were included in this case-control study. Hormone profiles of the participants (alarin, insulin, estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-SO4 ), lipid profiles total testosterone, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, cholesterol) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) values were measured. Results: Serum androgens were elevated in the PCOS. Blood LH was also elevated (P &lt; 0.05) but was higher in PCOS than Control. Patients with PCOS had an increased alarin compared with controls. LH/FSH ratio and Alarin /FSH ratio were greater than 2.1, 2.4, respectively. The blood alarin levels were significantly correlated with the serum LH levels (r=0.492, p=0.002) and the LH/FSH ratios (r=0.450, p&lt;0.001) and Alarin/ FSH ratios. The FSH/LH and alarin /FSH ratio were elevated in the PCOS. Based on these results, the FSH/LH and Alarin /FSH ratio appears to be a useful marker of PCOS.

Association of Inflammation With Markers of Atherogenicity in Subjects With New-Onset Atria Fibrillation in a Nigerian Community

Abstract Objectives The evidence supporting the role of circulating markers of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atria fibrillation remains controversial. This study investigated the levels of serum lipids, C-reactive proteins, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, prothrombin time, and platelet count in subjects with new-onset atria fibrillation (NAF), but with no established cardiac disease, in a Nigerian community. Methods The case control study involved a total of 200 subjects: 110 subjects with NAF and 90 apparently healthy subjects without AF, as control. AF was confirmed by a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), while excluding subjects with high risk. Blood samples from the subjects were analyzed for the following parameters: C-reactive proteins using ELISA method and serum lipids using an enzymatic, colorimetric method; erythrocyte sedimentation rate, by Westergreen method; platelet count using a Midray hematology auto analyzer; and the prothrombin time using a tissue thromboplastin method. Data collected from the result were analyzed using SPSS version 15. Results There was a significant increase in the levels of C-reactive proteins and ESR in subjects with NAF when compared with the control subjects. A significant increase was observed in the mean values of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in subjects with NAF, while that of high-density lipoproteins was lower in NAF than in controls. There was no significant difference in the mean values of triglyceride in NAF and the control. Results also showed significantly reduced prothrombin time, with more platelet count in subjects with NAF. The result demonstrated that females (56.3%) had greater risk of developing AF than males (45.8%), while incidence of AF was observed to increase with age. Conclusion The results of the markers assayed suggest marked dyslipidemia, inflammation, and thrombogenesis in subjects with new-onset AF. Hence dyslipidemia and inflammation play critical roles in the pathogenesis of atria fibrillation.

Comparison of Apolipoprotein B and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol as Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Factors

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Many large-scale studies have reported that current American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology guidelines overestimate Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk by 75% to 150%. People who achieve their low-density lipoprotein (LDL) target with active statin therapy remain&nbsp;at a&nbsp;residual risk for cardiovascular disease and have high levels of apolipoprotein B (ApoB). The goal of this retrospective case-control study was to compare LDL and ApoB as predictors of ASCVD. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Health and Examination Survey data from 2013 to 2014 was the data source for this study. Around 5768 subjects participated in the study and 1522 participants met the study criteria. Of these, 162 (male = 93, female = 69 ) were cases (participants with ASCVD) and 1360 (male = 629, female = 731) were controls (participants without ASCVD). The chi-squared test, correlation coefficient, and logistic regression were used to analyze data. A <i>P</i> value of &lt;0.05 was considered to be significant. The study indicated that ApoB and LDL were strongly correlated (correlation coefficient = 0.8). Furthermore, LDL cholesterol was associated with ASCVD (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) but ApoB did not correlate with ASCVD (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). Logistic regression results indicated that cases were 3 times more likely to have an increased LDL value but not likely to have an increased ApoB when compared to controls. The study concluded that LDL is an independent predictor of ASCVD and is a better marker than ApoB.

Effect of swimming training on levels of asprosin, lipid profile, glucose and insulin resistance in rats with metabolic syndrome

BackgroundAsprosin is a novel biomarker that associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of continuous and interval swimming training on the asprosin, lipid profile, glucose concentration and insulin resistance serum levels of rats with metabolic syndrome. MethodsForty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, standard diet (SD) and high-fat diet (HD), and received their respective diets for a period of 12 weeks without exercise stimuli. After this period, the animals were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8); normal control standard diet (NC), control (Ctr), continuous training (load 0–3% body mass, 5 d/wk, for 8 weeks, CT) and interval training (load 5–16% body mass, 5 d/wk, for 8 weeks, IT). The continuous and interval training consisted of a swimming exercise performed over eight weeks. ResultThe NC and trained groups showed lower values of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and glucose concentration compared to Ctr group. Serum level of asprosin significantly decreased underlying CT and IT compared to NC and Ctr groups. No significant difference were observed between trained groups. ConclusionIt seems that both swimming training methodologies are shown to be effective in the serum levels of asprosin, lipid profile and glucose concentration in metabolic syndrome rats.