Er Values Research Articles

Experimental Study on the Physicochemical Properties of Asphalt Modified by Different Anti-Stripping Agents and Their Moisture Susceptibility with Aggregates.

Erosion and the stripping effect of moisture on asphalt mixtures is one of the main reasons for the shortened service life of asphalt pavements. The common mean of preventing asphalt pavements from being damaged by moisture is adding anti-stripping agents (ASAs) to asphalt mixtures. However, the effect regularity and mechanism of anti-stripping agents on the physicochemical properties of asphalt is not exactly defined. This study compared the physical properties of ASA-modified asphalt (AMAs) to determine the optimal dosage and investigated the rheological and adhesion properties. Based on the roller bottle method and water immersion method, the moisture susceptibility of AMAs with three particle sizes was investigated. The results showed that the modification of asphalt using anti-stripping agents was a physical modification. At the optimum dosage of anti-stripping agents (0.3%), the basic physical properties of AMA1 were the most desirable. ASA2 increased the resistance of asphalt for deformation at high temperature by 46%, and AMA3 had the best low-temperature performance. ASAs enhanced the dispersed and polar components in the asphalt binder, improving the adhesion energy of asphalt. AMA3 had the strongest adhesion to the aggregate, with an increase in adhesion work by 2.8 times and a 45% of increase in ER value. This was attributed to ASA3 containing with a large number of metal cations and polar functional groups. It was shown that ASAs provided the most improvement in the anti-stripping performance of asphalt mixtures with 9.5-13.2 mm particles. The amide ASA, phosphate ASA and aliphatic amine ASA improved the water damage resistance of asphalt by 65%, 45% and 78%, respectively. This study can help engineers realize the effects of different types of ASAs on the physicochemical properties of asphalt and select the most suitable type of ASAs according to the service requirements.

Stochasticity of the respiratory mechanics during mechanical ventilation treatment

Stochastic models have been used to predict dynamic intra-patient respiratory system elastance (Ers) in mechanically ventilated (MV) patients. However, existing Ers stochastic models were developed using small cohorts, potentially showing bias and overestimation during prediction. Thus, there is a need to improve the stochastic model's performance. This research investigates the effect of the kernel density estimator (KDE) parameter tuned with a constant, c on the performance of a 30-min interval Ers stochastic model. Thirteen variations of a stochastic model were developed using varying KDE parameters. Model bias and overestimation were evaluated by the percentage of actual data captured within the 25th – 75th and 5th – 95th percentile lines (Pass50 and Pass90). The optimum range of c was chosen to tune the KDE parameter and minimise the temporal variations of model-predicted 25th – 75th and 5th – 95th percentile values of Ers (ΔRange50 and ΔRange90) in an independent retrospective clinical cohort of 14 patients. In this cohort, the values of ΔRange50 and ΔRange90 exhibit a converging behaviour, resulting in a cohort-optimised value of c = 0.4. Compared to c = 1.0 (benchmark study model), c = 0.4 significantly reduces model overestimation by up to 25.08% in the 25th – 75th percentile values of Ers. Overall, c = 0.3–1.0 presents as a generalised range of optimum c values, considering the trade-off between data overfitting and model overestimation. Optimisation of the KDE parameter enables more accurate and robust Ers stochastic models in cases of limited training data availability.

Ultra‐high Quality Factor of (Zn2/3Nb1/3)3+ Co‐substitution MgAl2O4 Microwave Dielectric Ceramics

Herein, nominal compositions of MgAl2–x(Zn2/3Nb1/3)xO4 (x = 0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50) ceramics are synthesized using a solid‐phase reaction method. The (Mg/Zn)Al2O4 solid solution and second‐phase Mg4Nb2O9 greatly improve the microwave dielectric properties of the samples. Moreover, the second phase, ionic polarizability, and relative density affect the dielectric constant (εr) value. The quality factor (Qf) value is correlated with the packing fraction, achieving a maximum value of ≈563 000 GHz at x = 0.40. The temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τf) value is negatively correlated with the B‐site bond value. When x = 0.40, the nominal composition MgAl1.6(Zn2/3Nb1/3)0.4O4 ceramic exhibits good microwave dielectric properties: εr = 9.06, ultrahigh Qf = 563 000 GHz, and τf = –45 ppm °C−1.

Microwave dielectric properties of LiZn4V3O12 composite ceramics sintered at low temperature and its LTCC application

The solid-state method was used to prepare LiZn4V3O12 ceramics. The phase composition, crystal structure and micromorphology of ceramics were studied in detai. The XRD data and rietveld refinement revealed that LiZn4V3O12 ceramics were composed of LiZnVO4 and Zn3V2O8, with a content ratio of 1:3. The results indicate that the εr and Q × f value of LiZn4V3O12 ceramics were related to the relative density. When the LiZn4V3O12 ceramics sintered at, 720 °C for 4 h, possessed a high relative density (96.71%), a low εr value (11.51), a high Q × f value (53891 GHz (11.5 GHz)), and a negative τf value (−25.58 ppm/°C). The XRD and SEM analyses have demonstrated that LiZn4V3O12 ceramic can coexist with the Ag electrode, indicating there is the great potential for application in the field in LTCC application.

The Enhanced Phase-Forming Capacity of (1–x)Mg0.95Co0.05TiO3-xCa0.6La0.8/3TiO3 Dielectric Ceramics Modified Using Multiple Sintering Aids

In this study, the phase-forming capacity of 0.9Mg0.95Co0.05TiO3-0.1Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3 dielectric ceramics was improved by mixing multiple sintering aids (ZnO-B2O3) owing to their lower melting point. The mixed-phase systems of Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3-modified Mg0.95Co0.05TiO3 dielectric ceramics were verified using XRD diffraction to ensure that the crystallites of different phases were present. The microstructures of the Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3-modified Mg0.95Co0.05TiO3 dielectric ceramics were observed via SEM and EDS to investigate the relation between element ratios and grains. It was found that the phase-forming capacity of Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3-modified Mg0.95Co0.05TiO3 was effectively enhanced, compared with the treatment that did not involve mixing multiple sintering aids (ZnO-B2O3). Additionally, the microwave dielectric performances of Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3-modified Mg0.95Co0.05TiO3 dielectric ceramics with multiple sintering aids (ZnO-B2O3) strongly depended on the density and morphology of the specimens. When the compositions of 0.9Mg0.95Co0.05TiO3-0.1Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3 with 1 wt% multiple sintering aids (ZnO-B2O3) showed an εr value of 22.6, a Qf value of 49,000 GHz, and a τf value of −12.8 ppm/°C, the sintering temperature was reduced from 1350 °C to 1150 °C (about 200 °C). When adding a larger amount of multiple sintering aids (ZnO-B2O3), the sintering temperature could be reduced by more than 200 °C. This study may promote the use of Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3-modified Mg0.95Co0.05TiO3 dielectric ceramics.

Dielectric Properties of Epoxy Composites Containing Silver Nanoparticle and Carbon Nanotube over the X-Band Frequency

Materials with high dielectric properties have become interested due to their important applications, mainly in electronics and energy storage. This study assesses the dielectric properties of epoxy composites containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and carbon nanotube (CNT) composite materials. These samples' permittivity and reflective properties were measured using Vector Network Analyser (VNA) within the X-band frequency (8.2 – 12.4 GHz). Samples were prepared at various loading (0.1-5 wt.%), with various thickness of (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm). Regardless of the fillers loading and sample thickness, it was found that the values of real permittivity, er', remain constant along the frequency range. At the same sample thickness, it was found that the values of both er' and er'' increase as loading increases, indicating the function of AgNPs and CNT in enhancing the dielectric and electrical conductivity properties of epoxy composites, respectively. The highest value of er' is recorded as 5 F/m (at f = 8.2 GHz), measured at 5 wt.% loadings and 0.5 mm sample thickness. Measurement on S11 parameters at f = 8.2 GHz indicated that the SER values are between 9 dB and 15 dB, with no obvious pattern observed, regardless of the fillers loading and sample thickness. This study highlights the dielectric properties improvement of epoxy composites by incorporating dual fillers.

Thermomechanical and Dielectric Properties Relationship of Hybrid Carbon Black and Nano Silica Epoxy Composites

Multifunctional materials refer to the types of materials that possess enhanced mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. In this work, nano silica and Carbon Black (CB) are added to epoxy polymer as an effort to improve the thermomechanical and dielectric properties of the composites. Filler loadings are varied from 0.1 wt.%, up till 5 wt.%. The thermomechanical properties are measured from Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) while the dielectric properties are measured from Vector Network Analyser (VNA). The synergistic effects of combining both fillers (keeping them at 1:1 wt.% ratio) are also assessed. It was found that the value of glass transition temperature (Tg) increased from 56.85°C (neat epoxy) to 59.8°C (5 wt.% CB). The Tq values further increased to 64.7°C, for 5 wt.% hybrid fillers (2.5 wt.% silica + 2.5 wt.% CB), demonstrating the synergistic effects by employing dual fillers. By adding single and dual fillers, the values of storage Modulus, E’ remains almost constant for both glassy (40°C) and rubbery region (100°C), regardless of the loadings employed. The values of real permittivity, er’ was also measured for dual fillers in the frequency range between 300 kHz to 18 GHz. The highest value of er’ was 5.5 F/m, which was measured for both 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm sample thickness of 5 wt.% hybrid fillers (2.5 wt.% silica + 2.5 wt.% CB). This study highlights the thermomechanical and dielectric properties improvement of epoxy composites by incorporating dual fillers.

Mining 5.0: Concept and Framework for Intelligent Mining Systems in CPSS

This letter is part of the Intelligent Mining Development Forum and aims to summarize the discussions of Mining 5.0 from Intelligent Vehicle 5.0 project by IEEE TIV, which represents a shift from Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) to Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSS). This letter highlights the basic theories and summarizes the framework of Mining 5.0 with three worlds, three modes, and three technologies that promote values of ESG, ERS, and DEI in physical, mental, and artificial worlds. Mining 5.0 plays a pivotal role in achieving “6S” goals (Safety, Security, Sustainability, Sensitivity, Service, Smartness) for mining industries.

Reliability of electrical resistivity on the long-term monitoring of concrete

The reliability of the electrical resistivity technique in concrete was assessed. A 0.5 w/c concrete mixture was prepared and three small-scale rectangular prisms were cast. The prisms were submerged in a chloride solution for eight years, and ER measurements were taken weekly during the last five years. The results showed that the seasonal fluctuations of temperature over time and chloride ingress notably influence the ER readings. For exhaustive analysis of the ER, time-series analysis and rate-of-change approaches were used to diminish the effects of temperature and chloride penetration on the ER measurements. Significant differences, which ranged between 10% and 60%, were found between the ER values taken on the bottom and top faces of the small-scale ordinary concrete prisms. The reliability of the ER technique and time-series analysis of the data can be implemented easily for engineering works to identify heterogeneities on concrete exposed at environment changes over time.

A novel Li3Mg3NbO7 microwave dielectric ceramic with ultra-low loss

Novel ultra-low-loss Li3Mg3NbO7 ceramics were synthesized using solid-state reaction method. The microstructure, bond characteristics, and microwave dielectric properties (MDPs) of the Li3Mg3NbO7 ceramics were explored. Furthermore, the Li3Mg3NbO7 ceramics crystallized in the orthorhombic rock-salt structure and the optimized density (97.7%) was obtained at 1200 °C. Utilizing complex chemical bond theory (P–V-L theory) and Raman spectra, the connection between structure and properties was constructed. εr value was mainly affected by the ρrel and average ionic polarization. The UNb–O and packing fraction were the key internal factors influencing the Q × f value. The τf was intimately relevant to Nb–O bond and τε. Notably, the Li3Mg3NbO7 ceramics sintered at 1200 °C exhibited excellent MDPs (εr = 14.7, Q × f = 121,047 GHz, τf = −24.8 ppm/°C), offering enormous prospects for 5G/6G communication applications.

Synthesis, structure, oxygen stoichiometry, and electrical properties of doped ruddlesden-popper strontium cobaltite Sr1·875Ce0·025CoO4-δ, Sr1·875Ce0·025Co0·75Ni0·25O4+δ novel compounds

We report the synthesis of Sr1·875Ce0·025CoO4-δ and Sr1·875Ce0·025Co0·75Ni0·25O4+δ for the first time, each compound was synthesised using Co-precipitation and Sol-Gel methods, at 1050 °C for 144 and 120 h respectively. Oxygen stoichiometry was determined using Iodometric titration, we have noticed oxygen hypostoichiometry for Ce-doped compound and hyperstoichiometry state after Ni-doping. Electrical properties were studied for sintered pellets, Electrical resistance was measured in the range (−0.5–+0.5 v). Specific electrical resistivity and electrical conductivity were calculated from resistance measurements. It was found that the Ce-doped compound has about three times higher conductivity (σC1 = 0.000000058423295 s cm−1) Compared with the Ni-doped one (σN2 = 0.000000022384787 s cm−1). Electrical Capacitance was measured at 1 kHz frequency, the relative dielectric constant εr, and the loss tangent tanδ were calculated accordingly. The results showed that the Ni-doped compound has higher capacitance but lower εr and dissipation factor values.

Crystal structure, far-infrared spectroscopy, and microwave dielectric properties of two novel vanadates CaRECeV3O12 (RE = Nd, Sm)

Two novel low-εr CaRECeV3O12 (RE = Nd, Sm) microwave dielectric ceramics were prepared to utilize the solid-state method. According to XRD and Raman spectroscopy data, the CaRECeV3O12 (RE = Nd, Sm) ceramics had a tetragonal zircon-type with an I41/amd space group. Dense CaNdCeV3O12 and CaSmCeV3O12 ceramics sintered at 1225 °C and 1200 °C showed εr ∼11.85 ± 0.1 and 11.33 ± 0.1, Q × f ∼40,100 ± 500 GHz and 43,290 ± 500 GHz, τf ∼ −27.2 ± 0.5 ppm/°C and −22.4 ± 0.5 ppm/°C, along with αL of 9.4 ppm/°C and 8.5 ppm/°C, respectively. The measured εr and corrected εr(corr) values were larger than εr(C-M) (9.41 and 9.47) in CaNdCeV3O12 and CaSmCeV3O12 due to the cations being, on average, under-bonded and the overall structures being in a slightly expanded state. The slightly higher |<d>| value of CaNdCeV3O12 led to its higher εr(corr) value, even though it had a lower αD/Vm value. The sign and magnitude of τf values for CaNdCeV3O12 and CaSmCeV3O12 were mainly determined by their positive temperature coefficients of dielectric polarizability ταm of +36.2 ppm/°C and +32.1 ppm/°C, respectively. The inherent dielectric constant and dielectric loss were examined using far-infrared reflectivity spectra, Raman spectra, and the packing fraction.

The Enhanced Thermal Stability of (Mg0.95Ni0.05)2TiO4 Dielectric Ceramics Modified by a Multi-Phase Method.

The thermal stability of (Mg0.95Ni0.05)2TiO4 dielectric ceramics has been improved by mixing with CaTiO3 phases owing to higher positive temperature coefficients. The pure (Mg0.95Ni0.05)2TiO4 and the mixture phase systems of CaTiO3-modified (Mg0.95Ni0.05)2TiO4 were verified by XRD diffraction patterns to ensure the crystallite of different phases. The microstructures of the CaTiO3-modified (Mg0.95Ni0.05)2TiO4 were observed by SEM and EDS to investigate the relation between element ratios and grains. As a result, it can be seen that the thermal stability of the CaTiO3-modified (Mg0.95Ni0.05)2TiO4 can be effectively enhanced, compared with the pure (Mg0.95Ni0.05)2TiO4. Moreover, the radio frequency dielectric performances of CaTiO3-modified (Mg0.95Ni0.05)2TiO4 dielectric ceramics are strongly dependent upon the density and the morphology of the specimens. The champion sample with the ratio of (Mg0.95Ni0.05)2TiO4 and CaTiO3 of 0.92:0.08 showed an εr value of 19.2, an Qf value of 108,200 GHz, and a τf value of -4.8 ppm/°C, which may encourage (Mg0.95Ni0.05)2TiO4 ceramics to broaden the range of novel applications and match the requirements of 5G or next-generation communication systems.

Novel Method to Achieve Temperature-Stable Microwave Dielectric Ceramics: A Case in the Fergusonite-Structured NdNbO4 System.

Microwave dielectric ceramics with permittivity (εr) ∼ 20 play an important role in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology in 5G. Although fergusonite-structured materials with low dielectric loss are good candidates for 5G application, tuning the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) remains a problem. In the present work, smaller V5+ ions (rV = 0.355 Å, with coordination number (CN) = 4) were substituted for Nb5+ (rNb = 0.48 Å with CN = 4) in the Nd(Nb1-xVx)O4 ceramics, which, according to in situ X-ray diffraction data, lowered the fergusonite-to-scheelite phase transition (TF-S) to 400 °C for x = 0.2. The thermal expansion coefficient (αL) of the high-temperature scheelite phase was +11 ppm/°C, whereas for the low-temperature fergusonite phase, it was + 14 < αL < + 15 ppm/°C. The abrupt change in αL, the associated negative temperature coefficient of permittivity (τε), and the minimum value of εr at TF-S resulted in a near-zero TCF ∼ (+7.8 ppm/°C) for Nd(Nb0.8V0.2)O4 (εr ∼ 18.6 and Qf ∼ 70,100 GHz). A method to design near-zero TCF compositions based on modulation of τε and αL at TF-S is thus demonstrated that may also be extended to other fergusonite systems.

Contamination by Heavy Metals in the Sediments of Sirwan/Diyala River, Garmian Region

This research was conducted to evaluate the contamination of some heavy metals including (Cadmium, Cupper, Lead, Nickel, Zink, Cobalt and Chromium) in the sediments of Sirwan/Diyala River. Sampling was conducted in different sites within the river banks, and four indices/factors including ecological risk factor (ER), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), and geo-accumulation factor (Igeo) were used for this purpose. The result indicated that the concentrations of the observed metals were with the following order: Ni>Cr>Zn>Pb>Co>Cu>Cd. The values of enrichment factor were ranged from low of Co with a value of (EF = 1.12) to significant enrichment of Ni (EF = 9.13). However, the values of contamination factor indicated low contamination of sediments by Cu, Cd, Pb, Co and Zn with mean values of (0.74), (0.46), (0.49), (0.85) and (0.24) respectively, to significant contamination by Ni and Cr with mean values of (2.4) and (1) respectively. In terms of ecological risk factor, the average values of (Er) of all the observed elements were under low ecological risk category. The values of (Igeo) index for Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Co were under (unpolluted) category; while, Ni was under (unpolluted to moderate) category with a mean value of (0.61) and Cu fall under moderate category with a mean value of (1.04).

Lowering the dielectric mismatch for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells through incorporating cyano-functionalized fullerene additive

Fullerene derivatives especially [1,1]-phenyl-C61-butyric-acid-methyl-ester (PC61BM) have been commonly used as electron transport layers and additives of inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells (PVKSCs); however the dielectric constant (the εr) of PC61BM (3.8) is much smaller than those of organolead halide hybrid perovskites (6.5 for CH3NH3PbI3 [MAPbI3]), resulting in unfavorable exciton dissociation and impeded interfacial charge transport and consequently undesirable nonradiative recombination. Herein, a novel cyanofunctionalized fullerene in which two cyano groups are incorporated via a rhodanine moiety (abbreviated C60-Rhd-CN) was synthesized and introduced into the MAPbI3 active layer to construct inverted PVKSCs via an anti-solvent method. The involvement of two electron-withdrawing cyano groups within C60-Rhd-CN obviously increases the εr value (5.1) relative to PC61BM (3.8), hence lowering the dielectric mismatch between MAPbI3 and fullerene. Besides, the cyano groups enable strong coordination interactions with the Pb2+ ions of MAP-bI3, rendering efficient defect passivation of perovskite. As a result, C60-Rhd-CN incorporation facilitates exciton dissociation and interfacial charge transport and suppresses the nonradiative recombination, affording dramatic power conversion efficiency (PCE) enhancement of inverted PVKSC devices from 18.43% to 20.81%. Furthermore, C60-Rhd-CN incorporation helps to improve the ambient and thermal stabilities of PVKSC devices. To elucidate the critical role of cyano groups in increasing the the εr value and efficiency enhancement, another analogous novel rhodanine-functionalized fullerene with the two cyano groups substituted by a sulfur atom (abbreviated C60-Rhd-S) was also synthesized, which delivered a lower PCE of 19.45% than C60-Rhd-CN-incorporated devices due mainly to its lower the εr value (4.0).

Abstract P2-11-13: High PD-L2 Protein Expression in Cancer Cells is an Independent Marker of Unfavorable Prognosis in Luminal Breast Tumors

Abstract Background PD-1 inhibitors have shown significant efficacy in triple negative breast cancer (BC), however, durable responses are less common in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BC. Better markers are therefore needed that will identify likely responders to PD-1 inhibitors among patients with luminal BC. While most efforts have focused on the immune checkpoint protein PD-L1, the alternative PD-1 ligand, PD-L2, has been largely overlooked. We aimed to determine if PD-L2 is associated with unfavorable prognosis in ER+ BC. Methods PD-L2 protein levels in cancer cells and stromal cells were measured retrospectively by quantitative immunofluorescence histocytometry in tissue microarrays of therapy-naïve, localized or locoregional ER+ BC and correlated with progression-free survival (PFS). Evaluable tumor PD-L2 data were derived from a main study cohort A diagnosed between 1988-2005 (n=684) with extensive clinical and outcome data and from an independent validation cohort B diagnosed between 1992-2012 (n=273). Patients received standard-of-care adjuvant therapy without immune checkpoint inhibitors after tumor resection. Results Univariate analysis of the main cohort A revealed that high PD-L2 expression in cancer cells was associated with shorter PFS (HR=1.8; 95%CI:1.3-2.6; p=0.001), an observation that was validated in an independent cohort B (HR=2.3, 95%CI:1.1-4.8; p=0.026). Approximately one third of ER+ BC cases were classified as high PD-L2. After multivariable adjustment for common clinicopathological variables, high cancer cell levels of PD-L2 remained independently predictive of early recurrence (HR=2.0; 95%CI:1.4-2.9; p&amp;lt; 0.001). Sub-analysis of ER+ BC cases treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (n=197) suggested that high PD-L2 levels in cancer cells was associated with particularly increased risk of progression (multivariable HR=3.4; 95%CI:1.9-6.2; p&amp;lt; 0.001). The observed frequent expression of PD-L2 protein in BC provided scientific rationale for the design of our ongoing phase II clinical trial (NCT04243616) of neoadjuvant combined PD-1 inhibitor (cemiplimab; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc) and chemotherapy in patients diagnosed with PD-L1+ and/or PD-L2+ BC. The primary objective of this trial is to assess pathologic responses to neoadjuvant treatment with secondary objective of assessing the correlation between PD-L1/PD-L2 status and tumor responses. Pathologist review of PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in an initial set of ER+ tumors (n=15) screened for trial eligibility revealed frequent discordance between cancer cell positivity for PD-L1 and PD-L2 protein (PD-L1: median=0%; range 0-2% vs. PD-L2: median=18%; range &amp;lt; 1-60%) as well as immune cell positivity (PD-L1: median=5%; range 0-50% vs. PD-L2: median=0; range 0-50%). Conclusions In treatment-naïve ER+ breast tumors, high cancer cell expression of PD-L2 protein was an independent predictor of poor clinical outcome, with evidence of further elevated risk of progression in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Preliminary analyses of ER+ tumors from our ongoing clinical trial showed frequent discordance between baseline PD-L1 and PD-L2 protein expression in both cancer cells and immune cells. Collectively, our analyses indicate that PD-L2 has prognostic value for ER+ BC, and our progress justify further studies to determine whether PD-L2, alone or in combination with PD-L1, may serve as a predictive marker of response to PD-1 inhibitors. Citation Format: Lubna N. Chaudhary, Inna Chervoneva, Amy R. Peck, Yunguang Sun, Misung Yi, John F. Langenheim, Julie M. Jorns, Sailaja Kamaraju, Yee Chung Cheng, John Burfeind, Christopher R. Chitambar, Jeffrey A. Hooke, Albert J. Kovatich, Craig Shriver, Hai Hu, Juan P. Palazzo, Marluce Bibbo, Terry Hyslop, Richard Pestell, Edith P. Mitchell, Hallgeir Rui. High PD-L2 Protein Expression in Cancer Cells is an Independent Marker of Unfavorable Prognosis in Luminal Breast Tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-11-13.

A Systematic review and meta analysis of estrogen receptor beta as a predictive factor in breast cancer patients

It is unclear how estrogen receptor beta (ER) affects prognosis in breast cancer that is in the early stages. To determine the predictive value of ER in patients with early-stage breast cancer, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We looked for studies that evaluated the ER status in breast cancer patients article between 2010 and 2018 by searching Medline, Embase, and the Web of Science. 1700 participants from 18 studies total who met our inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. A Technical Expert Panel (TEP) of 3 medical specialist and expertise of disorder the abnormally cell cycle and cancer performed the review using the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) model. The TEP planned a research on PubMed selecting “cancer” and “Breast Cancer” as MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) term adding to PubMed Search Builder the terms “Estrogen” and “Estrogen receptor”. TEP is considered for eligibility articles published within the last 13 years, including original research, in particular in vitro studies, and animal and clinical studies in English. Results: Of the 90 identified studies, TEP included 15 studies, 8 Systematical Review, and 4 clinical studies and 3 Review report. Our scoping review describes and summarizes the important develop highlyselective anti-ERβ antibodies that are applied to large well characterized human breast cancer samples to validate their diagnostic potential and to explore ERβ-selective agonists in animal models of breast cancer to validate their therapeutic potential

Physicochemical, mechanical, dielectric, and biological properties of sintered hydroxyapatite/barium titanate nanocomposites for bone regeneration

Bone implants fabricated using nanocomposites containing hydroxyapatite (HA) and barium titanate (BT) show osteoconductive, osteoinductive, osteointegration, and piezoelectricity properties for bone regeneration applications. In our present study, HA and BT nanopowders were synthesized using high-energy ball-milling-assisted solid-state reaction with precursors of calcium carbonate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and barium carbonate and titanium oxide powder mixtures, respectively. Hexagonal HA and tetragonal BT phases were formed after calcination at 700 and 1000 °C, respectively. Subsequently, hydroxyapatite/barium titanate (HA/BT) nanocomposites with different weight percentages of HA and BT were prepared by ball-milling, then compacted and sintered at two different temperatures to endow these bioceramics with better mechanical, dielectric, and biological properties for bone regeneration. Microstructure, crystal phases, and molecular structure characterizations of these sintered HA/BT nanocomposite compacts (SHBNCs) were performed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Bulk density was evaluated using the Archimedes method. HA/BT nanocomposites with increased BT content showed enhanced dielectric properties, and the dielectric constant (ϵr ) value for 5HA/95BT was ∼182 at 100 Hz. Mechanical properties such as Vicker’s hardness, fracture toughness, yield strength, and diametral tensile strength were also investigated. The hemolysis assay of SHBNCs exhibited hemocompatibility. The effect of these SHBNCs as implants on the in vitro cytocompatibility and cell viability of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells was assessed by MTT assay and live/dead staining, respectively. 15HA/85BT showed increased metabolic activity with a higher number of live cells than BT after the culture period. Overall, the SHBNCs can be used as orthopedic implants for bone regeneration applications.

Time-domain source parameter estimation ofMw 3–7 earthquakes in Japan from a large database of moment-rate functions

SUMMARYTime-domain analyses of seismic waveforms have revealed diverse source complexity in large earthquakes (Mw &amp;gt; 7). However, source characteristics of small earthquakes have been studied by assuming a simple rupture pattern on the frequency domain. This study utilizes high-quality seismic network data from Japan to systematically address the source complexities and radiated energies of Mw 3–7 earthquakes on the time domain. We first determine the apparent moment-rate functions (AMRFs) of the earthquakes using the empirical Green's functions. Some of the AMRFs show multiple peaks, suggesting complex ruptures at multiple patches. We then estimate the radiated energies (ER) of 1736 events having more than ten reliable AMRFs. The scaled energy (eR = ER/M0) does not strongly depend on the seismic moment (M0), focal mechanisms, or depth. The median value of eR is 3.7 × 10−5, which is comparable to those of previous studies; however, eR varies by approximately one order of magnitude among earthquakes. We measure the source complexity based on the radiated energy enhancement factor (REEF). The values of REEF differ among earthquakes, implying diverse source complexity. The values of REEF do not show strong scale dependence for Mw 3–7 earthquakes, suggesting that the source diversity of smaller earthquakes is similar to that of larger earthquakes at their representative spatial scales. Applying a simple spectral model (e.g. the ω2-source model) to complex ruptures may produce substantial estimation errors in source parameters.