Values Of Components Research Articles

Accounting for nuclear and mito genome in dairy cattle breeding - a simulation study

Mitochondria play a significant role in numerous cellular processes through proteins encoded by both the nuclear genome (nDNA) and mito genome (mDNA), and increasing evidence shows that traits of interest might be affected by mito-nuclear interactions. While the variation in nDNA is influenced by mutations and recombination of parental genomes, the variation in mDNA is solely driven by mutations. In addition, mDNA is inherited in a haploid form, from the dam. Cattle populations show significant variation in mDNA between and within breeds. Past research suggests that variation in mDNA accounts for 1–5% of the phenotypic variation in dairy traits. Here we simulated a dairy cattle breeding program to assess the impact of accounting for mDNA variation in pedigree-based and genome-based genetic evaluations on the accuracy of estimated breeding values for mDNA and nDNA components. We also examined the impact of alternative definitions of breeding values on genetic gain, including nDNA and mDNA components that both impact phenotype expression, but mDNA is inherited only maternally. We found that accounting for mDNA variation increased accuracy between +0.01 and +0.03 for different categories of animals, especially for young bulls (+0.03) and females without genotype data (between +0.01 and +0.03). Different scenarios of modeling and breeding value definition impacted genetic gain. The standard approach of ignoring mDNA variation achieved competitive genetic gain. Modeling, but not selecting on mDNA expectedly reduced genetic gain, while optimal use of mDNA variation recovered the genetic gain.

Validation of the Elekta iBEAM Evo couchtop modeling in the Monaco treatment planning system

IntroductionRecently, carbon fiber (CF) has prevailed as the primary material used in radiotherapy couchtops. Modern couchtops incorporate the CF sandwich design, in which two thin CF plates sandwich an air-equivalent polymeric foam. Developments in radiotherapy necessitate irradiation from posterior angles through the couchtop. However, the presence of the couchtop needs proper modeling in the Treatment Planning System (TPS) due to attenuation; otherwise, the tumor dose is reduced. In the current study, an effort was made with the intent of finding the optimum electron density (ED) values for Elekta's iBEAM Evo couchtop components (CF and Foam Core (FC)) for its proper modeling in Monaco TPS. Also, the attenuation of the beam due to the couchtop's presence was investigated. Materials and MethodsA cylindrical phantom with an ionization chamber positioned at the isocenter was utilized for the measurements. The phantom was placed centrally on the iBEAM Evo couchtop and was irradiated with an Elekta Infinity linear accelerator's 6, 10, and 15 MV photon beams. The gantry angle was set at 0o and from 120o to 180o with an increment of 10o. The same procedure was designed and followed in Monaco TPS. Measured and calculated dose values were compared by calculating percentage deviation (PD). Attenuation has also been calculated using the measurements of the experimental setup and the Monaco calculations. ResultsThe values of ED that provided the optimum agreement between measured and Monaco-calculated dose values while minimizing PD were 0.55 g/cm3 for CF, and 0.1 g/cm3 for FC. The maximum values of PD for the beams of 6, 10, and 15 MV were -0.62%, +1,78%, and +2.35% , respectively, for a 5x5 cm2 field size. Furthermore, Monaco predicted attenuation from 1.83% to 6.26% (calculated values), while from the measurements, an attenuation from 1.44% to 5.75% (measured values) regarding the posterior angles was found. Thus, good agreement was verified between the TPS calculations and experimental measurements. ConclusionsElekta's iBEAM Evo couchtop modeling was successfully validated in Monaco TPS. The couchtop's presence alters the patient's dose regarding irradiation from the posterior angles. Due to the attenuation of the beam, proper incorporation, modeling, and validation of the couchtop are necessary to improve the radiotherapy outcome and ensure that each patient receives the optimal treatment.

Contribution of Hurdles Technology to Preserve the Qualities of Broccoli and Extend Their Shelf-Life

Due to its high concentration of bioactive components, broccoli heads have a lot of potential as a functional food. Broccoli is perceived as a tasty, wholesome and healthful food product. This product nevertheless has a limited shelf life and quality retention issues, especially in tropical temperature zones. The hurdles techniques are starting to become more acceptable in the sector of food preservation since they affect moderate levels. This study evaluates the impact of hurdles techniques and various storage conditions (ambient at 25 °C, cold at 4 °C, and frozen at -18 °C) on broccolis cut characteristics. For the hurdles experiment, broccoli cuts were soaked in four solutions (the 1st: boiling water, the 2nd: metabisulphite solution (150 ppm), the 3rd: sodium chloride (4%), citric acid (1%), sodium benzoate (200 ppm) and the 4th: 1% chitosan) followed by packaging using two approaches (aerobic and vacuum). Sensory attributes, browning index, ascorbic acid, total phenolic, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity % (by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) of hurdled and un-hurdled broccoli cuts during storage were investigated. Results demonstrated that using hurdle technology (different soaking solutions, packaging methods and storage conditions) had significant impact on the quality properties of the broccoli cuts. Additionally, vacuum packaging demonstrated the highest protection against decreasing the values of ascorbic acid, total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant components.

A simulation-driven prediction model for state of charge estimation of electric vehicle lithium battery

Accurately predicting the state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles is crucial for ensuring their stable operation. However, the component values related to SOC in the circuit typically require estimation through parameter identification. This paper proposes a three-stage method for estimating the SOC of lithium batteries in electric vehicles. Firstly, the parameters of the constructed second-order RC circuit are identified using the Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Squares (FFRLS) method. Secondly, an innovative approach is employed to construct a battery simulation model using modal-data fusion method. Finally, the predicted values of the simulation model are corrected using the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). Validation through datasets demonstrates the high precision of this method in parameter identification. Moreover, in the comparison of SOC prediction corrections with Particle Filter (PF), Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), and the proposed UKF on simulated prediction data and experimental test data. The proposed method achieves the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0025 for simulation prediction data and 0.0186 for experimental test data. It also maintained its error within 5 % on actual data.

Development of a Closed-Loop Controller for an Arduino-Based DC Chopper using Proteus and LabVIEW

This research focuses on developing a DC-DC converter voltage regulation system using an Arduino microcontroller, addressing the instability inherent in renewable energy sources like solar panels and wind turbines. Utilizing Proteus and LabVIEW, the study employs a quantitative deductive approach to experimentally simulate and model the system over four months at the Control and Automation Laboratory of Politeknik ATI Makassar. Key challenges of conventional converters, including limited PWM flexibility, output stability, and ripple reduction, are addressed through a closed-loop control system with voltage feedback. The methodology involves extensive parameter calculations derived from literature review and expected testing scenarios to ensure precise component selection and system performance. Specific calculations guide the determination of minimum component values, facilitating the desired input and output voltage levels with minimal ripple. Simulation testing validates the system's effectiveness, demonstrating successful integration between LabVIEW and Proteus through additional library utilization. The resulting DC-DC converter voltage regulation system enables more robust control through Arduino microcontroller, enhancing stability and efficiency in renewable energy applications.

Somatotipo de Judo Argentino de Elite

Introduction: The objective of the study was to determine the somatotype of the Argentine judokas of the senior category, who took part at the Argentine national championship of 2021, and to compare them between groups of body weight division. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 91 judokas participating in the national championship (24 women and 67 men). The somatotype was calculated using the Heath-Carter method. Results: The mean value of the female somatotype was 4.24-5.75-1.05 for the endomorphic, mesomorphic, and ectomorphic components, respectively. The mean male somatotype value was 2.44-5.1-1.7. Each group was divided into 4 categories: light, medium, heavy, and weightless. The somatotype values of the women's lightweight category were 2.9-4.5-2.2, women's medium 4.1-5.2-1.5, women's heavy 4.8-5.8-0.6 and, women's free weight 6.8-10.1--2.3. For males, the values were: light 1.7-4.2-3, medium 2.4-5.2-1.4, heavy 4.5-6.8--0.2 and free weight 7.8-10.7--2.5. Conclusion: Differentiation by division of body weight makes it necessary to classify the somatotype more specifically since differences are found between the groups. The highest value of the endomorphic component was found in the weight-free categories, for both sexes. The highest ectomorphy scores were given in both lightweight categories. There is a coincidence of the mesomorphic component of the medium-weight group for both sexes. The data presented constitute a specific reference useful for evaluating and monitoring elite national judokas. It is considered relevant to link the somatotype with body composition, specific physical tests, and, sports results, to establish a better profile of the Argentine judoka.

The effects of improved subsurface drainage on runoff and nitrogen leaching from a clayey field section

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of improved subsurface drainage installation on nitrogen (N) loss in drain discharge (DD) and topsoil layer runoff (TLR). Data on DD and TLR, as well as on concentrations of total, nitrate and ammonium N in the runoff components, were collected from four sections of an experimental field in southern Finland (June 2007–December 2018). Supplementary drains were installed in one of the field sections in June 2014, and the data from that section were compared with those from three reference sections. Differences between the sections were statistically analysed based on annual and monthly values of runoff components and concentrations, as well as the loads of N fractions. The results revealed that improved drainage increased the N load in the DD, reducing the load in the TLR. Changes in N loads were more clearly driven by changes in the runoff volumes rather than by changes in the N concentrations in the runoff waters. Before the drainage improvement, most of the total N load was nitrate (53%), while the share of rest N (fraction of the total N after the mineral N fractions were subtracted) was 45%. After improved drainage, the percentages of nitrate and rest N were 73 and 26%, respectively. The results demonstrate the importance of agricultural water management as the key driver for controlling nutrient loads.

The Skull Shape Analysis of Wistar Albino Rats: A Geometric Morphometric Study

The aim of the study was to evaluate the skull shape of Wistar albino rats using the geometric morphometry method. For this purpose, a total of 52 adult rat skulls, 31 female and 21 male, were evaluated. Skulls were photographed from equal distance in dorsal and ventral directions. 13 and 18 landmarks were marked in dorsal and ventral images, respectively. Percentage variation values of principal components were calculated by performing principal component analysis in the MorphoJ program. Average shape graphs showing the positive and negative boundaries of the first three principal components were obtained. It was defined that scatter plot graphic showing the degree of grouping of male and female rats according to the first and second principal component. The study also examined the allometric effect with regression. Discriminant function analysis was performed to examine gender dimorphism. As a result of the study, it was determined that the most significant shape change was in the zygomatic arc and palate regions according to individuals, while it was also in the neurocranium acording to gender. We believe that the study will contribute to anatomy, biology and archeology studies on the shape of skull.

Associations of type D personality with amplitude-time ECG parameters

Negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) inherent in type D personalities produce chronic distress, which leads to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently, a search is underway for mechanisms that mediate the psychosomatic connections of a type D personality. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of amplitude-time ECG parameters in type D personalities and to establish associations of amplitude-time ECG patterns in a non-cardiological sample of women with type D indicators and its components — NA and SI. ECG records were obtained from 68 women with gynecological pathology without a history of CVD and at the time of the study, and all of them completed the questionnaire DS 14. Personality type D was confirmed in 39.7%, on the ECG recording in this group, the average amplitude of the R wave, the duration of the QT and RR intervals turned out to be significantly higher than in individuals without type D, and the duration of the QRS complex was significantly lower in the group of respondents with higher scores against a group with low scores. The group with higher NA values showed a significantly higher R wave amplitude, and with higher SI values, a significantly shorter QRS duration than the corresponding groups with low values of these D-type components. More than a third of a non-cardiac sample of women exhibits type D personality. Analysis of amplitude-time ECG patterns in type D personalities indicates increased ventricular excitability and excessive sympathetic reactivity. A specific pathogenic contribution of the synergism of negative affectivity and social inhibition of the expression of negative feelings to the functional organization of electrophysiological processes in the myocardium was found. Amplitude-time ECG patterns of type D individuals indicate an autonomous imbalance of cardiovascular reactivity at the basis of increased vulnerability to CVD.

The Dysregulation of the Monocyte-Dendritic Cell Interplay Is Associated with In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19 Pneumonia.

Background: The monocyte-phagocyte system (MPS), including monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), plays a key role in anti-viral immunity. We aimed to analyze the prognostic value of the MPS components on in-hospital mortality in a cohort of 58 patients (M/F; mean age ± SD years) with COVID-19 pneumonia and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Methods: We measured frequencies and absolute numbers of peripheral blood CD169+ monocytes, conventional CD1c+ and CD141+ (namely cDC2 and cDC1), and plasmacytoid CD303+ DCs by means of multi-parametric flow cytometry. A gene profile analysis of 770 immune-inflammatory-related human genes and 20 SARS-CoV-2 genes was also performed. Results: Median frequencies and absolute counts of CD169-expressing monocytes were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients than in controls (p 0.04 and p 0.01, respectively). Conversely, percentages and absolute numbers of all DC subsets were markedly depleted in patients (p < 0.0001). COVID-19 cases with absolute counts of CD169+ monocytes above the median value of 114.68/μL had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (HR 4.96; 95% CI: 1.42-17.27; p = 0.02). Interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients (p < 0.0001 vs. controls), and negatively correlated with the absolute counts of circulating CD1c+ cDC2 (r = -0.29, p = 0.034) and CD303+ pDC (r = -0.29, p = 0.036) subsets. Viral genes were upregulated in patients with worse outcomes along with inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α) and the anticoagulant protein (PROS1). Conversely, surviving patients had upregulated genes related to inflammatory and anti-viral-related pathways along with the T cell membrane molecule CD4. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the dysregulated interplay between the different components of the MPS along with the imbalance between viral gene expression and host anti-viral immunity negatively impacts COVID-19 outcomes. Although the clinical scenario of COVID-19 has changed over time, a deepening of its pathogenesis remains a priority in clinical and experimental research.

ELECTRODYNAMIC RESPONSE OF ANISOTROPIC MEDIUM OVER HYDROCARBONS TO THE INFLUENCE OF PROBING SIGNALS

A study was carried out of the electrodynamic response of an anisotropic medium over hydrocarbons under the influence of probing signals for pulsed and dual-frequency modes with a predominance of high-frequency signals. The characteristics of the geological profile above hydrocarbon deposits were studied using pulse signals depending on the carrier frequency and period of the radio pulse. For the dual-frequency signal mode, the dependences of the material and phase components of the surface impedance of the studied medium over oil and gas fields were modeled depending on the amplitude and frequency ratios. It has been established that an increase in the dielectric constant of the geological profile above the deposits leads to a decrease in resonance frequencies and the values of the absolute component of surface impedance Ż11. The revealed manifestations of anomalous effects expand information about the characteristics of the environment above deposits under the influence of pulsed electromagnetic waves and are of practical interest for exploratory geophysics. The results obtained can be used for electrical prospecting when creating equipment for detecting oil and gas fields.

Theoretical foundations of circular business models in the agriculture sphere: classification, components, and functions

The article is dedicated to the practical implications of circular business models in the agro-food sector, classifying their types and explaining their strategic components and functions. We explore resource models, design models, models of extending the product life cycle, platform models, product as a service, and end-of-life models of the product. We also delve into cascade processes, which are circular processes that involve the creation of reverse biological cycles and the use of biomass to produce products with a more significant share of added value. The importance of these models for preserving the value and duration of the life cycle of biological materials in closed agro-product networks is highlighted. We outline the architecture and strategic basis of business models in agri-food production based on three key components (value proposition, generation of social value, and management of social value). We substantiate a set of functions of circular business models of agro-food production, among which the function of preserving value, the function of extending the life cycle, the function of organization, the function of creating and maximizing additional value, and the function of maximizing income streams are highlighted. Circular business models in the agri-food sector should be considered a strategic tool for achieving sustainable development goals and ensuring business entities' economic sustainability. We substantiate that business models of a closed cycle are a promising and priority way of further socio-economic development, contribute to the solution of society's acute socio-economic and environmental problems, and ensure the creation of a basis for further economic development and growth. Keywords: models, functions, circular economy, business models of closed production, ensuring the sustainability of systems, agricultural enterprises.

Experimental Research on an Afterburner System Fueled with Hydrogen–Methane Mixtures

A new afterburner installation is proposed, fueled with pure hydrogen (100%H2) or hydrogen–methane mixtures (60% H2 + 40% CH4, 80% H2 + 20% CH4) for use in cogeneration applications. Two prototypes (P1 and P2) with the same expansion angle (45 degrees) were developed and tested. P1 was manufactured by the classic method and P2 by additive manufacturing. Both prototypes were manufactured from Inconel 625. During the tests, analysis of flue gas (CO2, CO, and NO concentration), PIV measurements, and noise measurements were conducted. The flue gas analysis emphasizes that the behavior of the two tested prototypes was very similar. For all three fuels used, the CO2 concentration levels were slightly lower in the case of the additive-manufactured prototype P2. The CO concentration levels were significantly higher in the case of the additive-manufactured prototype P2 when 60% H2/40% CH4 and 80% H2/20% CH4 mixtures were used as fuel. When pure H2 was used as fuel, the measured data suggest that no additional CO was produced during the combustion process, and the level of CO was similar to that from the Garrett micro gas turbine in all five measuring points. The NO emissions gradually decreased as the percentage of H2 in the fuel mixture increased. The NO concentration was significantly lower in the case of the additive-manufactured prototype (P2) in comparison with the classic manufactured prototype (P1). Examining the data obtained from the PIV measurements of the flow within the mixing region shows that the highest axial velocity component value on the centerline was measured for the P1 prototype. The acoustic measurements showed that a higher H2 concentration led to a reduction in noise of approximately 1.5 dB for both afterburner prototypes. The outcomes reveal that the examined V-gutter flame holder prototype flow was smooth, without any perpendicular oscillations, without chaotic motions or turbulent oscillations to the flow direction, across all tested conditions, keeping constant thermal power.

Features of quality of life formation in children with visual impairments

The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of complete healthy visual perception for quality of life and productivity in childhood. Prognostic calculations by international experts indicate increasing trends in the prevalence of ophthalmic pathology, with projections suggesting that by 2050, practically one-third of the world’s population will have visual impairments, the vast majority of which are diagnosed in childhood. Aim. To study changes in the quality of life of children of different ages, its components, which continue to form during childhood under the influence of diagnosed ophthalmic pathology. Materials and methods. We analyzed the results of a sociological study using adapted versions of the standardized Children’s Visual Function Questionnaire (CVFQ). Research methods included: medical-statistical, analytical-synthetic, sociological survey. The medical-statistical method involved calculating the standard deviation (σ – sigma) and standardized values of life quality assessment components (according to the CVFQ standardized questionnaire processing instructions). Results. The sections of CVFQ cover six main categories of children’s quality of life: self-perception of general health status; self-assessment of vision; skills; personality status; support and family impact; treatment-related restrictions. In total, the adapted questionnaire version for children up to 3 years old contained 35 questions, and for children older than 3 years old, 40 questions. The main group included 788 individuals (of which 380 (48.2 %) had children under 3 years old and 408 (51.8 %) had children over 3 years old). The control group included 590 individuals (260 (44.1 %) had children under 3 years old and 330 (55.9 %) had children over 3 years old). The research results prove the prospects of implementing medical-preventive strategies in providing primary and specialized ophthalmic medical care, considering the significant impact of ophthalmic pathology on the formation of quality of life components in children of different ages. It is proven that the prevalence of ophthalmic pathology increases with the age of children. Conclusions. The significant medical and social importance of visual function disorders at different ages potentially threatens disability, socialization disorders, and productivity of ophthalmic patients. The growing medical and social significance of eye diseases nowadays imposes updated requirements for organizing the provision of ophthalmic care to various segments of the population.

Tensor robust principal component analysis via dual lp quasi-norm sparse constraints

As a pioneering method, tensor robust principal component analysis (TRPCA) can separate an underlying low-rank component and a sparse component from the original data by minimizing a convex objective function composed of tensor nuclear norm and l1-norm. However, it has two limitations. One is that tensor nuclear norm, as a constraint on the low-rank component, treats all singular values uniformly, ignoring the differences among singular values. In essence, this constraint is a sparse constraint that is imposed on singular values of the low-rank component by l1-norm. The other is that l1-norm is used as a constraint for the sparse component. However, l1-norm is a loose constraint, leading to the solutions of TRPCA deviating from the authentic ones. To alleviate these issues, we propose a TPRCA model called p-TRPCA that utilizes the lp-norm to impose sparse constraints on both the singular values and the sparse component simultaneously. The lp quasi-norm (0<p<1) is a tighter constraint than l1-norm, which enhances the low-rankness and sparsity of the proposed model. To solve p-TRPCA, we present an effective algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers and also analyze its convergence. Extensive experiments are performed on data simulation, image recovery, and background modeling. Experimental results show that our p-TRPCA outperforms TRPCA and its variants.

Spatial-temporal drivers and incidence heterogeneity of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome transmission in Shandong Province, China, 2016–2022

BackgroundHemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) signals a recurring risk in Eurasia in recent years owing to its continued rise in case notifications and the extension of geographical distribution. This study was undertaken to investigate the spatiotemporal drivers and incidence heterogeneity of HFRS transmission in Shandong Province.MethodsThe epidemiological data for HFRS, meteorological data and socioeconomic data were obtained from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System, and Shandong Statistical Yearbook, respectively. The spatial-temporal multicomponent model was employed to analyze the values of spatial-temporal components and the heterogeneity of HFRS transmission across distinct regions.ResultsThe total effect values of the autoregressive, epidemic, and endemic components were 0.451, 0.187, and 0.033, respectively, exhibiting significant heterogeneity across various cities. This suggested a pivotal role of the autoregressive component in propelling HFRS transmission in Shandong Province. The epidemic component of Qingdao, Weifang, Yantai, Weihai, and Jining declined sharply at the onset of 2020. The random effect identified distinct incidence levels associated with Qingdao and Weifang, signifying regional variations in HFRS occurrence.ConclusionsThe autoregressive component emerged as a significant driver in the transmission of HFRS in Shandong Province. Targeted preventive measures should be strategically implemented across various regions, taking into account the predominant component influencing the epidemic.

ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE BODY MASS INDEX IN MALE ADOLESCENTS OF MAGADAN REGION

Introduction. Human body morphological structure is a convenient and informative describer of individual development and condition. The study analyzed the indicators of the body physique in reliance on the body mass index in male adolescents of Magadan Region. Materials and Methods. Two hundred and eight male adolescents permanently residing in the territory of Magadan Region were examined. The sample made up three groups according to the body mass index: Group 1 was for adolescents with a body mass deficit; Group 2 was normal body mass subjects, and Group 3 was overweight examinees. By using common methods, we studied basic anthropometric indicators with further calculation of the body component composition and specific indices. Results. Resulting from the research we could refer 23% of the examined adolescents in Magadan Region to those having body mass deficit, 63% of the sample were people with normal body mass, and 15% of the surveyed subjects were diagnosed with excess body mass. Interestingly, there is a growth of BMI among overweight adolescents occurs owing equally to fat, muscle, and bone components. Conclusion. The conducted research has shown quite good physical condition experienced by adolescent examinees: the values of fat, muscle, and bone components could be referred as norms despite the observed overweight and a negative growth in the waist circumference index. The results contribute to the understanding of necessity of a wider range of physical characteristics for assessing excess body mass, including indicators of body component using the bioimpedance method with further calculation of fat, muscle, and bone indices.

Study of the Accuracy Characteristics of the Mathematical Model for Predicting Changes in the Error of the Working Measurement Standard

The accuracy of the forecasting method and its prior estimation when predicting changes in the error of the working measurement standard are one of the key issues. In the course of studying these issues, a number of components of the forecasting error were assessed, and various methods and mathematical models of forecasting were compared. A comparative analysis showed that the studied mathematical model for individual forecasting of changes in the error of a working standard available at «Mathematical model for predicting changes in the value of the critical component of the error of the working measurement standard of the unit of magnitude taking into account prior information» has higher accuracy in comparison with the considered known forecasting methods. The estimates of the parameters of the forecasting function obtained with the application of the model under consideration available at «Determination of parameters for metrological maintenance of measuring instruments by the technical and economic criterion», using the expressions of the transition to forecasting the probability of metrological serviceability of the working measurement standard, specific costs for metrological maintenance, and damage from the use of the working measurement standard in the state of metrological failure, allow to substantially increase the validity of decisions to refine the value of the interval between the certification of the working standard, which is initially established (within the framework of the ITCM).

Evolutionary Perspectives on Neural Network Generations: A Critical Examination of Models and Design Strategies

Abstract: In the last few years, Neural Networks have become more common in different areas due to their ability to learn intricate patterns and provide precise predictions. Nonetheless, creating an efficient neural network model is a difficult task that demands careful thought of multiple factors, such as architecture, optimization method, and regularization technique. This paper aims to comprehensively overview the state-of-the-art artificial neural network (ANN) generation and highlight key challenges and opportunities in machine learning applications. It provides a critical analysis of current neural network model design methodologies, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches. Also, it explores the use of different deep neural networks (DNN) in image recognition, natural language processing, and time series analysis. In addition, the text explores the advantages of selecting optimal values for various components of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). These components include the number of input/output layers, the number of hidden layers, the type of activation function used, the number of epochs, and the model type selection. Setting these components to their ideal values can help enhance the model's overall performance and generalization. Furthermore, it identifies some common pitfalls and limitations of existing design methodologies, such as overfitting, lack of interpretability, and computational complexity. Finally, it proposes some directions for future research, such as developing more efficient and interpretable neural network architectures, improving the scalability of training algorithms, and exploring the potential of new paradigms, such as Spiking Neural Networks, quantum neural networks, and neuromorphic computing.

A comprehensive model for viscoplastic flows in channels with a patterned wall: longitudinal, transverse and oblique flows

We develop a comprehensive model for the creeping Poiseuille Bingham flow in channels equipped with a patterned wall, i.e. decorated with grooves or stripes that may represent a superhydrophobic (SH) or a chemically patterned (CP) surface, respectively, with longitudinal, transverse and oblique groove (stripe) orientations with respect to the applied pressure gradient. We rely on the Navier slip law to model the boundary condition on the slippery grooves. We develop semi-analytical, explicit-form and complementary computational fluid dynamics models, with solutions that have reasonable agreement. In contrast to its Newtonian analogue, a distinct solution for the oblique configuration, with an a priori unknown transform matrix, must be developed due to the viscoplastic nonlinear rheology. Our focus is to systematically analyse the effects of the Bingham number ( $B$ ), slip number ( $b$ ), groove periodicity length ( $\ell$ ), slip area fraction ( $\varphi$ ) and groove orientation angle ( $\theta$ ), on the slip velocities, effective slip length ( $\chi$ ), slip angle difference ( $\theta -s$ ), mixing index ( $I_M$ ), flow anisotropy and flow regimes. In particular, we demonstrate that, as $B$ increases, the maximum values of the shear component of $\chi$ , $\theta -s$ and $I_M$ occur progressively at smaller values of $\theta$ , compared with their Newtonian counterparts.