Relative Values Research Articles

A cascaded flowshop joint scheduling problem with makespan minimization: A mathematical model and shifting iterated greedy algorithm

This paper studies a cascaded flowshop joint scheduling problem that has critical applications in the electronic information equipment manufacturing industry but has received limited attention in the scheduling field. The cascaded flowshop joint scheduling problem encompasses both a distributed permutation flowshop scheduling problem and a hybrid flowshop scheduling problem. This paper investigates the efficient scheduling of a set of jobs in two heterogeneous flowshops to minimize the makespan. We present a mixed integer linear programming mathematical model and a shifting iterated greedy algorithm, which constantly changes its search space to explore different solution spaces. Based on the specific characteristics of the problem, a hybrid scheduling approach that combines forward and backward scheduling, a step-by-step destruction and reconstruction operator, and three adaptive reconstructive methods that combine coarse-tuning and fine-tuning are proposed to explore the near-optimal solution. Through comprehensive computational comparison and statistical analysis, the results demonstrate that the proposed shifting iterated greedy algorithm performs significantly better in relative deviation index values at the same CPU running time.

Detection of NH3 gas using CrVO4 nanoparticles

Nanostructured chromium orthovanadate with an average particle size of 65 nm was prepared by the co-precipitation technique for the chemiresistive sensor. The morphology and particle size distribution of CrVO4 nanoparticles were examined by SEM and TEM. According to XRD, most of the prepared CrVO4 material (crystallites) has a monoclinic structure belonging to the space group C2/m. XPS and UV-Vis absorbance measurements provided additional information on the main phase and the surface. The material has shown reasonable selectivity towards the NH3 gas. The as-prepared CrVO4 nanostructures exhibit a maximum relative response of 32% to 50 ppm NH3. The identical dynamic response profiles during the sequential injections of 50 ppm NH3 evinced the repeatability of the sensor. The limit of detection (LOD) value of the sensor was estimated ca 0.7 ppm using relative response values towards a wide range of NH3 concentrations from 10 ppm to 100 ppm. The sensing mechanism was expressed in terms of the surface band bending phenomenon caused by the adsorption and desorption of the ammonia. The best sensor performance was achieved at 330 °C, where the effects of humidity and moisture can be neglected. The results confirmed that the CrVO4 nanomaterial has the potential to fabricate an affordable, easy-to-make, and reliable gas sensor for NH3 gas.

Resident dictation of operative notes: a reimbursement comparison and mixed-methods analysis

PurposeSurgical documentation is crucial to ensure quality patient care and accurate coding and billing. Operative dictation also serves as a valuable educational opportunity for surgical trainees. However, resident dictations may not fully capture procedural details and complexities, resulting in missed revenue opportunities. On July 1, 2021, our university-based surgery department implemented a policy requiring attendings to dictate all operative reports. The purpose of this mixed-method study was to investigate the financial impact of this policy and explore differences in resident and attending dictations.MethodsCore general surgery operations performed by the Department of Surgery between July 1, 2020 and June 30, 2022 were identified from billing data. The surgeon, current procedural terminology (CPT) and modifier codes, and relative value units (RVUs) for each case were acquired. Surgeons not present for the entire study period or cases requiring multiple surgeons were excluded. Descriptive statistics and Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) non-parametric tests compared pre- and post-policy RVU distributions on overall charges and 18 key general surgery operations. Targeted thematic analysis was performed on operative reports pre- and post-policy to explore resident and attending differences.ResultsA total of 42 attendings performed 16,233 cases, billing 28,560 CPT codes (50.3% pre- vs. 49.7% post-policy). There was a small but statistically significant increase in RVU distribution post-policy, mean 20.2 pre- vs. 20.3 RVUs post-, $4372 pre- vs. $4418 per case post-, KS = 0.02 (p = 0.009). Specifically, higher RVU distributions were seen among attending-dictated cases for melanoma (p = 0.009), minimally invasive ventral hernia repair (VHR, p = 0.008), parathyroidectomy (p < 0.001), anorectal incision and drainage (p = 0.003) and anorectal exam under anesthesia (p = 0.029). Higher RVU distributions were noted among resident-dictated, attending-edited cases for partial colectomy (p = 0.043), and open VHR (p = 0.004). No differences were noted among the remaining operations (p > 0.05). Three major themes were noted from focused sampling of 112 operative reports: billable items, clinical/surgical reasoning, and technical details. Differences in billable items and clinical and surgical reasoning were the most influential on modifying clinical implications of operative notes. Themes and differences were consistent regardless of surgeon or specialty.ConclusionAdopting an attending-only operative dictation policy yielded a small increase in billable RVUs, predominantly from select operations. Gaps in coding-directed language and depth of clinical reasoning were noted in resident dictations. These findings reveal an educational opportunity that concomitantly optimizes patient care, resident education, and procedural revenue.

Statistical modeling of cargo securing on selected military trucks and road surfaces

The development of new technologies (e.g., three-axial accelerometers) and their implementation to the armed forces made it possible to rather easily obtain data on transportation with regard to cargo securing. It is, however, crucial to evaluate the data, and identify the factors important for the selection of an appropriate cargo securing system. Particular attention should be paid to the transportation on low-quality roads, or possibly in the terrain as it can be expected that the cargo (as well as the vehicle and the driver) is subjected to greater shocks. Data obtained from the military transport experiment have been processed using advanced statistical methods (a contaminated probability distribution, methods of statistical comparison, and an analysis of variance). The transportation data from the use of two military trucks on three different road surfaces has been compared. The results show, in which axes there are statistically significant differences in terms of the frequency of exceeding normatively determined acceleration coefficient values in relation to the road surface type and the vehicle type. Further results are based on the modeling of acceleration coefficients using a contaminated log-normal distribution, where the distribution of acceleration coefficient values is contaminated by outliers resulting from sudden changes in the transport conditions.

Bis(N-xylyl-imino)phenyl “NCN” iridium pincer complexes. Thermodynamics of ligand binding and C[sbnd]C bond cleavage

Iridium dibromide complexes of the phenyldiimine ligand 2,6-bis(1-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)imino)ethyl)phenyl, trans-(XyPhDI)IrBr2L, have been synthesized, and relative Ir-L BDFEs have been experimentally determined for a wide range of corresponding adducts of ligands L. An estimate of the absolute enthalpy of Ir-L binding has been obtained from dynamic NMR measurements. The results of DFT calculations are in very good agreement with the relative and absolute experimental values. Computational studies were extended to the formation of adducts of (XyPhDI)IrH2 and (XyPhDI)IrI, as well as other (pincer)IrI fragments, (Phebox)IrI and (PCP)IrI, to enable a comparison of electronic and steric effects with these archetypal pincer ligands. Attempts to reduce (XyPhDI)IrBr2(MeCN) to a hydride or an IrI complex yielded a dinuclear CN-bridged complex with a methyl ligand on the cyanide-C-bound Ir center (characterized by scXRD), indicating that C-CN bond cleavage took place at that Ir center. DFT calculations indicate that the C-CN bond cleavage occurs at one Ir center with strong assistance by coordination of the CN nitrogen to the other Ir center.

Spatio-temporal composition of aquatic birds community in Juluapan Lagoon, Colima, Mexican Central Pacific

Introduction: Aquatic birds (AB) are usually associated with wetlands, which provide refuge, food, and/or nesting sites for resident and migratory species. Despite their ecological importance, there is little knowledge on AB in some tropical environments, such as those found on the Colima coast. Objective: To investigate the spatial and temporal composition of the AB community in Juluapan Lagoon, Colima, Central Mexican Pacific. Methods: Monthly counts were conducted between June 2017 and May 2018 during low-tide conditions to record habitat use by AB. Species richness and bird counts were obtained to compare sampling areas; mean richness and number of individuals were compared between seasons. Results: We detected 53 species and 5 750 individuals. The highest species richness and relative abundance values were obtained in winter at the lagoon area farthest from the connection with the marine system, where anthropogenic activity is lower. Diversity was greater in zones 2 and 3 in spring, summer, and fall. Muddy flats were the most used environment, and the most frequent activity was resting. Nesting activity was only recorded in the middle of the lagoon at the mangrove during spring. Shorebirds and waders were the most dominant groups in the bird community of the Juluapan lagoon. Conclusions: This coastal wetland is a site of great biological importance for aquatic birds; thus, conservation measures should be implemented, and there should be a continuous study of the effects of anthropogenic pressure.

Case study of Er- and Dy-doped boron-aluminosilicate glasses on radiation shielding performance in the energy range 0.015–10 MeV with MCNP6.2

The use of radiation-shielding materials has significantly increased with the advancement of new technologies. The present work aims to demonstrate that the nuclear shielding properties of boron-aluminosilicate glasses can be enhanced by doping with rare earth elements (REEs) such as erbium (Er) and dysprosium (Dy). Testing was performed by mixing different ratios of dopants into the glass system. This procedure was implemented on 13Al2O3–21B2O3-35.4SiO2-(30.6-X) Er2O3-X(Dy2O3) glass, where X = 0, 15.3, 22.1, and 30.6. MCNP6.2, SRIM, PSD, ROOT software, and XCOM databases were used as tools. MCNP6.2 software and XCOM databases were used to calculate, simulate, and validate the mass attenuation cross-sections for 15 selected gamma energies ranging from 0.01 MeV to 10 MeV. On the other hand, SRIM was used to obtain information about the mass stopping power (MSP) and stopping distance, the so-called projected range (PR), for charged particles of H+1 and He+2. Likewise, the PSD was only used to obtain a fast neutron removal cross-section (FNRCS) per density value for each element. This is referred to as the macroscopic neutron cross-section for fast neutron removal in the literature. Finally, the data analysis framework ROOT was used for calculations and graphical representations. To validate this study, the radiation-shielding properties of the material were compared with the globally accepted mass attenuation coefficient database of XCOM using MCNP6.2 simulation results. The proximity between these two is promising. The accuracy of the study was determined by examining the relative error values. The results indicate a strong correlation between the database and theoretical data. Radiation shielding properties such as mass and linear attenuation coefficients (MAC and LAC), half and tenth value layers (HVL and TVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff), effective conductivity (Ceff), and fast neutron removal cross-sections (FNRCS) against gamma rays suggested that the lowest X ratio indicated the highest protection. However, the MSP and PR values for the charged particles at most energies indicate the lowest protection with the lowest X ratio in the glass mixture. Finally, the glass shield with the lowest X ratio provided the highest neutron protection, similar to gamma rays. In summary, dysprosium and erbium doping in boron-aluminosilicate glasses can be tailored to specify different requirements for gamma-ray and particle attenuation, as well as neutron absorption. This study aims to fill a gap in the literature by providing a basis for future research on shielding materials based on doped boron-aluminosilicate glasses using high-atomic-number particles, such as REEs, as a radiation protection medium.

Objectives of Procedural Policy: General Legal and Methodological Aspects

This article outlines the challenges of setting objectives for the current procedural policy in Russia. The primary focus is on the methodological support of research in the field under study. For a comprehensive and thorough analysis of the objectives of Russian procedural policy, the following factors are crucial: distinguishing between absolute and relative values, understanding the relationship between “legal” and “judicial” processes, setting priorities and tasks for fulfilling the pursued tactical and strategic objectives, considering the constitutional and legal doctrine of protecting citizens’ rights and freedoms, and many other factors that require theoretical jurisprudence to address the concept of procedural policy in Russia. In this context, the main objectives of procedural policy are determined by either public or private law in relation to the intended functions of these institutions.

Exploring the Path from Instructions to Rewards with Large Language Models in Instance-Based Learning

A prominent method to model human learning is through experiential learning, where decisions are influenced by the outcomes observed in previous actions. The decisions-from-experience approach often excludes other forms of learning in humans, such as learning from descriptive information. In humans, descriptive information can enhance learning by providing a denser signal, achieved through understanding the relationship between intermediate decisions and their future outcomes, instead of relying solely on observed outcomes. To account for experiential and descriptive information, we propose the use of large language models (LLMs) to convert descriptive information into dense signals that can be used by computational models that learn from experience. Building on past work in cognitive modeling, we utilize task instructions and prompt an LLM to define and quantify the critical actions an agent must take to succeed in the task. In an initial experiment, we test this approach using an Instance-Based Learning cognitive model of experiential decisions in a gridworld task. We demonstrate how the LLM can be prompted to provide a series of actions and relative values given the task instructions, then show how these values can be used in place of sparse outcome signals to improve the model’s learning of the task significantly.

Spatio-Temporal Relationship between Land Use Carbon Emissions and Ecosystem Service Value in Guanzhong, China

In the context of escalating global concerns for “carbon neutrality and peak carbon” and the urgent need for ecological conservation, deciphering the spatiotemporal interactions between carbon emissions and the ecosystem service value (ESV) in relation to land use changes becomes critically significant. Identifying areas to bolster ecosystem services and curtail carbon emissions, especially within the Guanzhong urban agglomeration, is crucial for advancing sustainable and low-carbon regional development. The study focuses on the urban agglomeration of Guanzhong, using land use and socio-economic data from three periods between 2010 and 2020. Methods such as grid analysis and bivariate spatial autocorrelation models are employed to explore the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and interaction patterns of carbon emissions and ESV in relation to land use. The findings reveal: (1) during 2010–2020, the Guanzhong urban agglomeration experienced varied transitions in land use types, marked by a significant net decrease in arable land and net increases in grasslands and urban construction areas. (2) The ESV in the Guanzhong urban agglomeration witnessed a consistent rise, exhibiting a spatial distribution pattern with higher values in the southwest and lower in the northeast. Among the categorized ecosystem service functions, services related to hydrological and climate regulation stood out. (3) The Guanzhong urban agglomeration observed an average annual growth rate of 5.03% in carbon emissions due to land use, with a spatial trend that was higher in the center and tapered towards the periphery. Predominant carbon sources included arable lands and urban construction areas, while forests accounted for 94% of carbon sequestration. (4) A pronounced negative correlation between the ESV and carbon emissions was discerned in Guanzhong. Regions with a stronger correlation were primarily centered in Guanzhong, notably around Xi’an and Baoji. The results emphasize the pivotal role of the primary sector’s qualitative development in harmonizing the ESV and carbon emission dynamics in the Guanzhong urban agglomeration. This research provides valuable insights for optimizing land resource management, aligned with the rural revitalization strategy, streamlining carbon dynamics, bolstering ESV, augmenting carbon sequestration efficiency, and guiding ecological spatial planning.

Mixed harmonic generation of surface guided waves by collinear wave mixing for debond identification in FRP-strengthened beams

The high incidence of debonding as a failure mode in FRP-strengthened structures highlights the importance of regular inspections of the bond layer for any discontinuity. In contrary to most previous studies, which focus on the linear features of waves like amplitude and velocity, the present study utilises a novel collinear wave mixing technique for the generation of mixed harmonics of surface guided waves for debond characterisation. Experimental study is conducted in which a particular surface guided mode, sensitive to bond layer, is excited using wedge transducers. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed to understand the nonlinear interaction of surface guided waves with debonding, and the results obtained are compared with those obtained from the experimental results in both time and frequency domains. The numerical results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental ones. Later, extensive parametric studies are conducted on the validated model by changing the debond size. A damage index is proposed that rely on the band frequency amplitude of fundamental and higher order mixed harmonics paving the way for baseline-free debond quantification. The damage index (DI) exhibited a consistently increasing trend with debond size. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted by increasing the debond size and comparing the relative parameter values of linear features (scattered amplitude and change in time of arrival) with the proposed damage index. The analysis results revealed that the proposed DI is more sensitive to the debond size than the conventional linear parameters that also requires pristine condition data. Thus, the study offers valuable insights into the collinear wave mixing phenomenon in FRP strengthened RC structures and proposes an efficient and practical technique for debond detection in the field.

A Comparative Analysis of Apple Arrival in Selected APM C’s of Shimla and Kinnaur Districts

The present study was conducted at the different market yards of Shimla and Kinnaur District to find the arrival of apples in the different markets. The study will give us an understanding of the changing trends in different markets. For conducting the research data from six years (2014-19) for Apple arrival were collected from the different market_yards (Shimla, Chopal, Theog, Kharapathar, Rampur, Rohru, Parala, Narkanda, Nerwaand been analyzed with the help of descriptive_and regression analysis which_had revealed that the Apple arrival in Shimla_market yard is showing low growth trend in comparison to the other market Yards (Parala, Rohru, Kharapathar) which are showing high growth trend. The relative value of the Kharapathar market is the highest, therefore, one can predict that by 2023-24 Apple’s arrival in the market will reach 631061 boxes_which is very high from the current average of 88571_boxes hence will make it the fastest-growing market yard for Apple selling with the growth rate of 612.49 per cent.

People of color’s relative valuing of having therapist performance data inform the referral/assignment process

People of color’s relative valuing of having therapist performance data inform the referral/assignment process

SELECTION AND EVALUATION OF TRANSFER TECHNOLOGIES

Technological development is not a process determined only by the technology itself, the characteristics of which are largely decisive. Technology must be absorbed by an initially foreign system, in which a series of process-factors manifests itself, such as: strategy, top management, organization (company), technology and environment. The results are determined by each of these factors, but especially by the interactions, the connections between them. This paper develops a methodology for selecting and evaluating technologies for transfer based on groups of evaluation criteria (strategic, financial, industry / market technology consumers, internal, technological specifications, intangible effects) with the assignment of points (prioritization) starting from the performance descriptors for each criterion. The role of performance descriptors is not only to elucidate the relative value of technologies, but also to do so as objectively as possible.

Sustainable synergistic development of marine economic degree growth and marine art industry

Marine and port economy estimation is conducive to the understanding of the development law of marine economy degree. This study proposes a neural-learning network estimation model of the marine economy degree based on a priori architectural knowledge and adopts time-combined class array columns and multivariate modeling methods to estimate the indicators reflecting the development level of the marine economy degree in the ZJP region. The study adopts the PK_NN multivariate modeling method, taking cargo transportation volume, cargo turnover, cargo carrying value of ports near the sea, foreign trade throughput, port container throughput, and port container throughput as multivariate model inputs, and compared with the other modeling methods, the model of the time combination class array columns of type GM_11, which has a better comprehensive performance. Finally, the PK_NN time-combined class array column model is used to estimate the development level of the marine economy in the ZJP region near the seaport from 2011 to 2020, and the results show that the estimated value of the marine economy in the ZJP region is close to the actual planning value of the ZJP region. The algorithm was applied to estimate the economic degree curves of the five near-seaport areas of ABCDE under different harbor head construction art modes, and the results showed that the relative value error of the estimation was controlled between 4% and 10%, and the fluctuation ranges of each month's specific growth value area estimation were comparable. This proves the effectiveness and accuracy of the a priori marine neural-learning-based network algorithm in this paper.

Prognostic Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking Strain in Aortic Stenosis.

Recent data have suggested that global longitudinal strain (GLS) could be useful for risk stratification of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic role of GLS in patients with AS and also its incremental value in relation to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). We analysed all consecutive patients with AS and LGE-CMR in our institution. Survival data were obtained from office of national statistics, a national body where all deaths in England are registered by law. Death certificates were obtained from the general register office. Some 194 consecutive patients with aortic stenosis were investigated with CMR at baseline and followed up for 7.3 ± 4 years. On multivariate Cox regression analysis, only increasing age remained significant for both all-cause and cardiac mortality, while LGE (any pattern) retained significance for all-cause mortality and had a trend to significance for cardiac mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients in the best and middle GLS tertiles had significantly better mortality compared to patients in the worst GLS tertiles. Importantly though, sequential Cox proportional-hazard analysis demonstrated that GLS did not have significant incremental prognostic value for all-cause mortality or cardiac mortality in addition to LVEF and LGE. Our study has demonstrated that age and LGE but not GLS are significant poor prognostic indicators in patients with moderate and severe AS.

Insect-based fish feed in decoupled aquaponic systems: Effect on lettuce production and resource use.

The utilisation of insect meal-based fish feed as a substitute for conventional fish meal-based fish feed is considered as a promising innovative alternative to boost circularity in aquaculture and aquaponics. Basic research on its use in aquaponics is limited. So far, no reports on the effects of fish waste water, derived from a recirculating aquaculture system using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) meal-based diets, were available on the growth performance of lettuce. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of reusing fish waste water from tilapia culture (as a base for the nutrient solution) fed with a fish meal-based diet (FM) and a BSF meal-based diet on resource use and lettuce growth in decoupled aquaponic systems. A conventional hydroponics nutrient solution (HP) served as control, and inorganic fertilisers were added to all nutrient solutions to reach comparable target concentrations. The experiment was conducted in a controlled climate chamber in nine separate hydroponics units, three per treatment. Lettuce fresh and dry weight, number of leaves, relative leaf chlorophyll concentration, water consumption, and the usage of inorganic fertilisers were measured. Micro- and macronutrients in the nutrient solutions were monitored in time series. Similar lettuce yield was seen in all treatments, with no significant effects on fresh and dry weight, the number of leaves, and relative chlorophyll values. Water use per plant was also similar between treatments, while the amount of total inorganic fertiliser required was 32% lower in FM and BSF compared to HP. Higher sodium concentrations were found in the FM nutrient solutions compared to BSF and HP. The results confirm that BSF-based diet is a promising alternative to FM-based diet in aquaponics with no negative effects on lettuce growth. Additionally, BSF-based diet might be beneficial in intensive, professional aquaponics applications due to the lower sodium concentration in the nutrient solution.

Psychometric testing of anesthesia nursing competence scale (AnestComp)

Background & AimThe competence of anesthesia nurse has a significant association with patient health and safety, reduction of medical errors, hospital infections, and postoperative complications. However, there is no instrument available to measure the competence of anesthesia nurse Iran. Anesthesia Nursing Competence Scale (AnestComp) is a self-assessment tool that measures the competence level of anesthesia Personnel. The present study sought to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of AnestComp in the Iranian anesthesiology community. Materials & MethodsThis cross-sectional study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of AnestComp in a sample of 362 anesthesia nurse from hospitals affiliated with the University of Medical Sciences. After translating the original version of the scale, the face, content, and structural validity as well as the reliability of the scale were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-16 and AMOS-24 software. ResultsThe assessment of the face validity of AnestComp showed that the impact score for each item was greater than 3.13. Moreover, the average content validity ratio (CVR) for 38 items was 0.91 and the corresponding value for each item was greater than 0.54. The average content validity index (CVI) for 38 items was 0.93 and the related value for each item was greater than 0.73. In addition, item 39 was removed due to low CVR and CVI values. The construct validity of the scale was checked using confirmatory factor analysis and the factor loading values for the items varied from 0.82 to 0.91, confirming that the seven factors of the scale were within acceptable ranges. Moreover, the reliability of the scale was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.981 and the correlation of 0.94 between the scores from the re-administration of the scale, indicating that the scale has acceptable internal consistency. ConclusionThe Persian version of AnestComp has acceptable psychometric properties and it can be used as a valid tool to measure the competencies of anesthesia Personnel.

Essential Fatty Acid Associated with Heart Rate Variability in Highly Trained Male Cross-Country Skiers: A Pilot Study

Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolites play important roles in the modulation of vascular tone, heart rate variability (HRV), and cardiovascular diseases. This study was undertaken to examine the relationship between HRV and the plasma levels of essential acids. Methods: Highly trained cross-country skiers participated in the study (n = 19). Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV analyses were performed. The plasma levels of fatty acids were determined using gas–liquid chromatography. Results: Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were found to be negatively correlated with resting heart rate (HR) (p = 0.026). The plasma levels of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) were positively associated with the relative value of high-frequency power (rs = 0.465, p = 0.045) and negatively correlated with the sympathovagal balance ratio (rs = −0.493, p = 0.032) and the absolute and relative values of low-frequency power (rs = −0.490, p = 0.028). The plasma levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) were positively associated with the relative value of high-frequency power (rs = 0.59, p = 0.006) and negatively correlated with the sympathovagal balance ratio (rs = −0.54, p = 0.017) and the relative values of low-frequency power (rs = −0.52, p = 0.022). No correlation was found between n6/n3 and HRV parameters except for HR and pNN50. Conclusions: n-3 PUFAs and ARA play an important role in the autonomic regulation of heart rate in highly trained skiers. Athletes with substantial deficiencies in plasma ALA and excess levels of ARA had increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity.

“Science on Display”: The Russian Phenomenon of Science Popularization in Eric Ashby’s Perspective

This article considers the popularization of Soviet science through the lens of the Australian botanist Eric Ashby, the author of the book “Scientist in Russia” published in New York in 1947. Although it has gone unnoticed in Russian historiography, this publication deserves thoughtful consideration for many reasons. Firstly, it addresses the current problem of public history. Secondly, it clarifies the role of cultural factors and national traditions in the development of Soviet science. Thirdly, it sheds light on the formation of a system of values in relation to science and scholars, which is closely linked to commemorative events. As an attentive foreign observer, E. Ashby succeeded in sketching his ideas about Soviet science. Here, his viewpoints are analyzed. The conceptualizing of the phenomenon of science popularization associated with academic anniversaries is discussed with respect to the celebration of the 220th anniversary of the USSR Academy of Sciences in June 1945, in which E. Ashby participated. The conclusions drawn from the study are as follows. E. Ashby related the extensive popularization of Soviet science to cultural paradigm, Russian literature, pre-revolutionary enlightenment practices, and the practical concept of applied knowledge. He emphasized the important role of science popularization in elevating the status of scientific knowledge and scholars in Soviet society. However, he also stressed possible negative consequences of overpopularized science, such as the hierarchization of the academic community based on popularity rather than scientific achievements.