Value System Of Society Research Articles

SISTEM NILAI DAN SIKAP MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KONSERVASI S. belangeran DARI HUTAN KERANGAS

Shorea belangeran is one type of tree in heath forest. IUCN red list classifying S. belangeran in the critically endangered. The aim of this study are 1) to analyze the public attitudes towards conservation of S. belangeran, 2) to determine management chosen for S. belangeran in heath forest 3) to develop an implementation strategy of conservation for S. belangeran in heath forest as material sources of natural medicine. Data collecting of public attitudes conducted by semi-structured interviews on local communities in the field. Identifying the attitude of society through 1) characterizing the value system of the community toward S. belangeran. 2) Disclosure of S. belangeran from kerangas forest. There is four value system toward S. belangeran from heath forest, namely the economic, socio-cultural values, socio-cultural values and religious values. Ethnobotany knowledge of community about the use of S. belangeran is a traditional ecological knowledge. S. belangeran is not only seen in the knowledge of their medicinal properties but more complex includes a trust or confidence. Unfortunately, the system of values in society are not properly transferred to the next generation. The attitude of the community to actively participate in the S. belangeran are weak. The weakness of community attitudes toward S. belangeran and the rupture of value systems of S. belangeran are the issues of conservation that must be resolved.

MEMBANGUN PERADABAN BANGSA DENGAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER

Progress and development of technology has brought an enormous influence on the norms and value systems of society, human behavior, organization, family structure, the mobility of society, government policies, and so on. Weakness generation to understand and appreciate the moral values and religious teachings cause they do not have a good filter when consumed, adopt, or to absorb foreign cultures. As a result they are more likely to a bad choice of the values of kindness. They have been deprived of religious teachings and moral values and noble values that fact has long been owned by the nation itself. Deterioration of moral values and religion is characterized by the occurrence of a multidimensional crisis that was twisted nation today is inseparable from the negligence of the national education system has been less attention to the formation of national character. Character education is the key to social improvement and the progress of civilization that upholds integrity and human values to achieve a balance between knowledge and morality. Character education can be done through education of religion applied in any academic life. Character education requires an exemplary figure as a role model to enforce values or rules that have been agreed. This is where the role of educators, especially teachers, parents, the community and the government as an exemplary figure so that learners are capable of doing imitation of moral behavior. The integration of Islamic values (al-kariimah morality) in the learning process should be carried out at all stages of learning from the planning stage of learning, learning implementation, and evaluation of learning. Islamic religious education teachers in this regard in cooperation with civic education teachers act as consultants learning for all subject teachers or class teachers to integrate the values of character as well as the values of Islam into all learning activities in schools .

J. M. KEYNES AND HIS ECONOMIC THEORY: AN ETHICAL PERSPECTIVE

The article examines the philosophical and moral foundations of the biggest economist and political philosopher of the 20th century John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), who played an important role in rethinking a number of important provisions of the classical political economy and in creating the ideological and methodological basis of the "Keynesian revolution" and of the new field of economic analysis-macroeconomics. The author traces the main stages in the formation of ethical views of Keynes, shows that his interest in ethics as the system of values in society was dictated by the need for the new conceptual vision of economic realities and by the search of an answer to the main ethical question: "What should we do?". Attention is drawn to the fact that an understanding of the ethical orientation of economic theory by Keynes allowed him to take a critical stance towards traditional individualism and Victorian morality of thrift and moneymaking and to conclude that rational and "right" forms of individual behaviour are not a guarantee of the prosperity of society as a whole. To achieve the latter Keynes justified the necessity of "central control" by the State of the overall level of aggregate expenditure. It isstressed that the ethical views of Keynes correspond with the concept of the "ethic of responsibility"- a relatively new scientific discipline, which originated as a response to the risks of technogenic era: pollution, resource constraints, overpopulation, lack of stability of the world economy. The final part of the article analyzes one of the most important, from the point of view of Keynes, vices of capitalism - reckless proclivity of people to the multiplication of "abstract monetary wealth". It is shown that it doesn't only disfigure the psyche and consciousness of people, but also changes the direction of development of the market economy towards "speculative capitalism", which creates a threat to civilization, creativity, well-being and full development of the individual.

RELIGIOUS AND AXIOLOGICAL ISSUES AND HUMAN LIFE ACTIVITY

The article is devoted the analysis of the existent going near correlation of values and religion in life of man and society. The methodological problems of functioning of the system of values in society and forming of morality of man are examined.

The Evolution of Motivation for Teaching Career during the Initial Training

In this article we put in evidence that motivation plays an important part in choosing and building one's career (including teaching career). It also represents a mechanism of self determination in choosing and orienting one's career, a factor of energy directing and support for self learning and self formation, the internal reason for teaching career.The initial training for a career in teaching starts when college freshmen opt for teaching courses. This choice is made after the student has decided to continue his personal development by going to a university and studying a certain field. This decision has been taken after a lot of factors have been taken into account: external and internal, psychological and sociocultural, training level, born talent, acquired competences, the image about one's self, aspirations, scientific interests, personal experiences, career choices and society's value system. Use can also add the advice given by family members and teachers. Because career is “a system of occupations and job positions which a person has during his active part in life” (M. Zlate, 2004) its constructions is a complex process which has subtleties, reorientations and even changes.

Interaction of New Physical-Energy Quantification of Buildings and Renewable Energy Sources as a Dominant Production Technology of Natural Capital

Transition to a sustainable society. Transforming of the energy market. The social value of CO2 emissions. Development of technology in architecture for a sustainable society. Change of the value system in society. The dominant production technology of the capital of nature with simultaneous ecosystem restoring. Renewable energy sources of predictable and unpredictable type. Renewable energy sources as a conditioning factor of fundamental concept changes of energy quantification of buildings. Requirements for physical quantification of buildings with a zero energy balance in relation to energy distribution networks. Green buildings with zero heat balance of the network - buildings with nearly zero energy balance of the network. Sustainable buildings with zero energy balance of the network. Sustainable building with an active energy balance in relation to distribution networks.

Classification and Basic Economic Quantification of Renewable Energy Sources for the Sustainable Architecture Design

The transformation to a sustainable society. Transforming of the energy market. The social value of CO2 emissions. Change of the value system in society. The dominant production technology of the capital of nature with simultaneous ecosystem restoring. Dividing and economic quantification of renewable energy sources as a production technology of capital provided to man by nature. Renewable energy sources of predictable and unpredictable type. Renewable energy sources generated in economic human activity as a forced - secondary product. Development of technology in architecture for a sustainable society.

Values and the value system of the youth, using the example of student population

PurposeThe youth (especially students) with their values have major influence on further value system of society in general in the future. Exploring the values and value systems focused on youth, students in the field of economic science are in the interest of this study. Pedagogical interest for the research of values among youth can be double‐natured: the authors want to find out how much students manage to adapt to validity system of a certain society, or they want to find out what values in which youth can bring to future generation as a special group of people. The aim of this research is to find out whether there are differences in the hierarchical values and the value system between the Economics university students from EFST (Croatia) and GUF (Germany) or not.Design/methodology/approachIn order to find out if there are values in general and also a value system of the youth, the research was conducted using questionnaires at Universities in Split and Frankfurt. The questionnaire was constructed based on psychometric Likert‐analytical methods. The collected statistical data are entered and stored in the file of the statistical package SPSS.FindingsThe value system of the youth is an important indicator for a specific trend of the society, because young people represent the future backbone of the society. The current situation in society affects the formation of confounding value attitudes to a greater or lesser impact on the actual behavior of young people. Based on obtained results it can be concluded that the Economics students of the University of Split and Frankfurt have a statistically significant difference in the assignment of significance values and the value system as a whole.Originality/valueThis study primarily examines the value systems of students who live in very different social environment. Social environment has affected their value system.

('Wangdao' Culture and Economic Institutions)

Chinese Abstract: 王道文化是泛指儒家認為君主統治應該施行仁政的思想，而仁政意則是以道德與仁義為基礎，來貫徹治國之理念。因此當國家在執政者的帶領之下，能夠體諒人民，以人民為本，使人民溫飽之餘，更思考如何教化人民，改變人民的價值觀，使人民不再單以自身利益為優先考量，而考量整體的長遠利益，這乃是整個儒家經濟思想的精神所在。可是在王道文化之下，從生產到消費，都有外部性，單靠市場機制，就不能保證整體經濟能夠達到最高的效率。因此市場機制與政府監管，如同看得見的手與看不見的手，必須手攜手合作才能達到最高的經濟效益。要推行王道文化，需要從改變整個社會的基本價值觀做起。English Abstract: The “Wangdao” culture generally refers to the Confucian belief that rulers should implement policy of benevolence, under which governance should be based on morality, benevolence and righteousness. The gist of Confucian economic thought resides in the notion that under the leadership of its ruler, a state should be able to understand and serve the people, educate them and alter their value system such that the people will consider long-term collective interests, rather than individual ones, as a priority. However, under the “Wangdao” culture, externalities exist throughout production and consumption; hence the market mechanism alone is unable to guarantee that the economy will reach its maximum efficiency. Thus, the market mechanism and government regulation, as the visible and invisible hands, must cooperate to achieve the highest economic benefits. Implementing the “Wangdao” culture has to start with changing the fundamental value system of society.

Comparison Member and Candidate Countries to the European Union by Means of Main Health Indicators

Throughout history, health policies and the institutionalization of health care have taken shape according to political and economic conditions, social structures and value systems of societies, as well as to their needs and changes in health conditions. Today, economic development is addressed from a different approach in which the issue of health plays an important part. With a focus on the health sector’s role in development, this new approach has increased the importance of this sector of government and of life, allowing data on health to be included in many countries’ development indicators. The aim of this study is to identify the differences between EU former member states, member states, and candidate countries (including Turkey) in terms of health indicators that have become the key indicators of social and economic development. In this study, discriminant analysis will be used in order to analyse the differences between the European Union (EU) countries, and candidate countries in terms of main health indicators. Under-five mortality rate (‰), health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), total expenditure on health as percent of gross domestic product expenditure (percentage of GDP), immunization coverage among one-year-olds with one dose of measles (%), prevalence of current tobacco use among adults (≥ 15 years) (%), per capita recorded alcohol consumption (litres of pure alcohol) among adults, total fertility rate (%), hospital beds (per 1,000 population), physicians (per 1,000 population) and life expectancy are all included in the analysis as main health indicators of a country’s fitness for acceptance into the EU. As a result of the analysis, the discriminant variables that determine the statuses of former member, member, and candidate countries in terms of health indicators are identified “health expenditures per capita” and “life expectancy”. Another striking result is that Romania and Bulgaria, which became full member states in 2007, had similar health indicators to Turkey’s in 2004.

Library in the Context of Civilization and Culture

The article is devoted to the discussion of library’s activity in Russian modern society value system. “Conflict” technical and humane ideas in library science and practical work of libraries are analyzed. The author proposes and investigates hypothesis about the necessity of the humanism system of values as philosophical base for modernization of library’s activity in modern terms.

The accounting professional of the future: never mind the quality check the look!

Using legitimacy theory this paper contrasts the values portrayed by public accounting firms via their recruitment practices and society's expectations of the responsibilities of a professional accountant. Society confers on organisations legitimacy when the value system of the organisation is congruent with the value system of the larger social system (Deegan, 2006). It is argued that there is increasing incongruence between the value system of public accounting firms (that employ accounting graduates) and society's value system that includes an expectation of accountants to act in the public interest. This study draws on evidence from recent corporate collapses, to question whether the attributes/skills displayed by accountants have reduced their capacity to act in the public interest. Interviews with employers show that preferences for employment are given to graduates who 'fit the culture' of the organisation and have the ability to 'market' the firm to clients. Attributes that define the professional accountant appear to be less highly valued. It is concluded that the attributes valued in the workplace today have the potential to increase the risk of 'severing the social contract' between the accounting profession and society.

The theory and practice gap in participatory communication

: This article addresses the application of the participatory approach in a campaign that addressed gender-based violence in the Caribbean. The project brought together hey funding agencies in the region and seven local women's organisations to address the increasing rate of violence against women in Jamaica. Based on information gathered qualitatively from in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and project documents, the article delineates the problems that subvert well-intentioned participatory communication projects when executed using models that otherwise sound good on paper. The article makes key contributions to participatory approach theory and practice by identifying two new areas for future studies to explore, namely the motivations and gratifications of project participants as important predictors of the success or failure of development projects, and the need to focus on a society's value system and its compatibility with the philosophical assumptions behind the participatory approach.

Serfdom, society, and the arts in imperial Russia: the pleasure and the power

Serf-era and provincial Russia heralded the spectacular turn in cultural history that began in the 1860s. Examining the role of arts and artists in society's value system, Richard Stites explores this dramatic shift in a groundbreaking history of visual and performing arts in the last decades of serfdom. Provincial town and manor house engaged the culture of Moscow and St. Petersburg while thousands of serfs and exserfs created or performed. Against this background, Mikhail Glinka raised Russian music to new levels and Anton Rubinstein struggled to found a conservatory. Long before the itinerants, painters explored town and country in genre scenes of everyday life. Serf actors on loan from their masters brought naturalistic acting from provincial theatres to the imperial stages. Drawing on extensive archival research, Stites's richly detailed book re-visualises the culture of a flamboyant era and offers new perspectives on the origins of Russia's nineteenth-century artistic prowess.

The pursuit of immortality: a new approach beyond the competitiveness paradigm

Discusses the death of inter‐firm and intra‐firm competition as we know it and propose an approach beyond competition – “the pursuit of immortality”. Our digital age offers immense and unprecedented opportunities to bring forth the latent potential of organizations, by allowing individual employees scope for the expression of their capacity for learning and creativity. To help in this process, recommends that companies revive and imbibe pre‐industrial society value systems that allowed the free expression of what we call the “divinery” instincts in individuals while maintaining focus and coordination through the use of information technology. Proposes a 3ems path to immortality: embarkation, emulation and emancipation. Companies and individuals should quickly get over the first two phases and get on to the emancipation phase where they concentrate on setting their own standards rather than frittering away their energy in outsmarting competition.

The uncertainty and ambiguity of leadership in the 21st century

The last decades have been characterised by fundamental changes - a paradigm shift - in organisation theory, management theory and the intellectual constructions through which organisations, managers and individuals working in organisations are understood. The value system of society has been changing, and this has had effects on leadership. Up until recently, the dominant model for leadership has been one which stresses simplicity, order, determinism and linearity. Consequently, today's leaders in the West manifest a moderate tolerance of unequal power distribution in organisations. However, this model has increasingly been coming under fire from conflicting perspectives, for example, new approaches stress complexity, bounded disorder, non-determinism and non-linearity. Under the Eastern and African influences, they also show a shift from the most individualistic approaches to group/team approaches to problem solving. Additionally, strong 'masculine' values, including traits such as aggressiveness, independence and insensitivity to feelings, have been changing moderately to relationship-building, interdependence and concern for others. In the workplace, there appears to be a move away from valuing economic incentives, organisational loyalty and work-related identity and towards valuing more meaningful work, pursuit of leisure, personal identity and self-fulfilment. The modern leader must, hence, be able to recognise value differences and trends among people at work in order to lead them accordingly. This article looks at the plurality of the dilemmas leaders are facing, as we enter the 21st century, because of the multiple realities and perspectives that they have to act out and reflect within the workplace and society.

Vroue en die sosio-kulturele narratief

Women and the sosio-cultural narrative The socio-cultural narrative mirrors the dominant system of values in society. This system contains the values of and protects the interests of the dominant group. It is expression of the prevailing ideology of a culture. In Western society patriarchy is still the dominant ideology. Feminist hermeneutics aims to illuminate the disparity between the sexes in the socio-cultural narrative as one of more urgent problems in society. This article discusses different aspects of the “coherent philosophy” behind this socio-cultural narrative. Dominant theories in theology, which result from this ideology, are exposed. The article focuses on the role of pastoral interaction with women and points out the consequences for pastoral care.

Attitudes Toward Family and Gender Roles: A Comparison of English and French Canadian Women

ZHENG WU** and DOUGLAS E. BAER*** Recent studies provide clear evidence of a profound transformation in attitudes toward family related behaviors and gender roles in much of the Western world over the past three decades. Research documenting these attitudinal changes calls attention to the increased acceptance of divorce, nonmarital cohabitation, unmarried parenthood, permanent nonmarriage, and voluntary childlessness (Morgan and Waite, 1987; Thornton, 1985, 1989; Thornton, Alwin and Camburn, 1983; Thornton and Freedman, 1979, 1982; Veevers, 1979). Norms for gender roles are also changing, with shifts toward a gender egalitarianism with respect to the appropriate roles of women and men in the family and workplace (Cherlin and Walters, 1981; Davis 1984; Mason, Czajka and Arber, 1976; Thornton, Alwin and Camburn, 1983; Thornton and Freedman, 1982). Accompanying these developments have been changes in the demographic profiles of many Western countries: marriage rates and childbearing rates have declined sharply; and divorce and nonmarital cohabitation have become commonplace (Bumpass, 1990; Espenshade, 1985; Dumas and Peron,1992). Evidence suggests that changing attitudes toward family life and gender roles have played a pivotal role in these recent demographic trends (Axinn and Thornton, 1993; Mason et al., 1976; Plotnick, 1992; Thornton et al., 1983; Thornton and Freedman, 1982). Despite rapid change in attitudes toward the family and gender roles, and the important ways in which these changes have influenced demographic outcomes, we have relatively little information concerning the determinants of these attitudes. Just how these attitudes are distributed across different social groups remains unclear. Are egalitarian attitudes relating to family issues universal across all social groups, or are they more pronounced in some groups than the others? In this paper, we focus on two distinct ethno-cultural groups in Canadian society: English Canadians and French Canadians. We develop and test the hypothesis that English Canadians retain attitudes and value orientations regarding family life and gender roles which differ from those of their French counterparts. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND The expectation that attitudes toward family life and gender roles vary across ethnic groups derives from recent theoretical and empirical work in fertility studies. The conventional wisdom regarding fertility behavior has focused on the impact of structural changes in the economic system, particularly on the increased participation of women in the paid labor market (e.g., Westoff, 1983, 1986). Recently, however, a more sociological explanation, from a largely structural functionalist perspective, has gained much ground in mainstream demography (e.g., Lesthaeghe, 1980, 1983; Lesthaeghe and Surkyn, 1988; Preston, 1986;Ryder, 1980). Proponents of this perspective begin with the notion that human society controls the behavior of its members through basic norms (Lesthaeghe, 1980, 1983), or sets of relatively precise rules for human behavior in particular situations (Freedman, 1963). A society regulates its members to conform closely to norms in such a way that behaviors that benefit others are rewarded, while detrimental behaviors are punished (Preston, 1986:177). The complete set of norms in a society forms a value system, which comprises, in part, the culture of that society. While changes in societal norms often occur slowly and over long stretches of time (Preston, 1986), changes in a society's value system often occur during periods of massive social and structural changes. This is because when social changes occur, many members of the society are affected. Their established lifestyles and ways of thinking also are affected and often are challenged. In response to their common problem, members of the society are apt to develop a normative solution (Freedman, 1963:4). Such a solution involves the replacement of old norms with new attitudes and values, which often encourage individuals to break traditional behavior patterns (van de Kaa, 1987:6). …

Kibbutz ideology and lifestyle as reflected in the Kibbutz gardens

Abstract The kibbutz is a self‐contained collective community which developed its settlement amidst a man‐made park landscape. This society's value system of equality and direct democracy developed concurrently with the reclamation of a depleted landscape, the planting of trees and gardening. The characteristic features of the kibbutz park landscape clearly reveals this society's ideology.

THE COUNSELING PROBLEMS OF THE TEENAGERS IN THE MIDDLE EAST REGION.

The problem to be studied in this research is the counseling problems of the teenagers in the Middle East Region. The research questions to be addressed: Do they perceive that they have certain problems? If yes, what are they? If not, how can they discover them? A review of the literature showed that few studies similar tothat proposed have been reported. It further revealed that very littlehas been published about the guidance needs of secondary schoolstudents in the State of Kuwait (Omar, 1983). The researcher stateda definition of counseling in his book entitled, The School Counselorin 1983, as a learning process that helps an individual to understandhimself by recognizing personal, social, educational, and vocationalneeds in order to satisfy them, according to available resources inhis environment throughout a humanistic relationshipbetween him end a professional specialist in the frame of his society value system(Omar, 1984). Mansour (1981) wrote in his report on Mission Regarding Educational and Vocational Guidance at Secondary School in the State of Kuwait that guidance and counseling are being used interchangeably by the guidance workers in the State of Kuwait. Then, he stated that two words are not the same because guidance is a generic term which includes a number of services; one of these is counseling. Problems can be defined as the external expressions of the unmet needs of the individual (Helwy, 1965). Saleh in 1972 classified the Problems of the Egyptian teenagers in sight categories