T-test Value Research Articles

Comic Strip on Students’ Narrative Text Writing Ability

The aim of this research is to prove the effectiveness of comic strips on students' narrative text writing ability. Comic strips are sequential art associated with text with short sequences of images telling short stories. This research applied a pre-experimental method with one group pre-test and post-test design chosen as the research methodology. The eight-grade students in Islamic Middle Schools are taken as the population of this research. Thirty-six students were selected as the samples using the random sampling with the lottery system. The tests were given to measure their narrative writing ability, and the data were analyzed using the t-test formula. From the calculation, the researcher finds the result of the t-test value is 8,49 with the degree of freedom (df) of 35, and the t-table value at the significant level of 0.05 is 2.042. The result shows that the value of the t-test is higher than t-table. It means that the alternative hypothesis (ha) is accepted. Therefore, the researcher concludes that using comic strips positively affects students' ability in writing narrative texts.

PERMAINAN WHEEL SPINNING UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPTIF DI KELAS VII SMP

Students' writing mastery in descriptive texts tends to decline. The limitations of effective writing learning media are one of the causes of students' decreased interest in writing. This research was aimed at understanding the wheel spinning game effect to facilite on writing descriptive text for seventh grade students and to understand the feasibility of these facilities. Using research was Research and Development Design with Sugiyono's adaptation model, which includes; Data Collection and Finding Potential, Problem and Solution, Design and Development, Experts Validation and Revision, Trial, Evaluation by Experts and Revision, and Final Product. Researchers used class VII B students at UPT SMPN 2 Talun as research objects totaling 30 students. The research obtained quantitative data from the result of questionnaire and tests while the qualitative data was obtained from interview. The result of the research development questionnaire in the form of games showed that 79.90% of students agreed with the wheel spinning game media as descriptive text learning. The results of product showed that the wheel spinning for writing of descriptive text was valid, the average material experts was 85% and the average media experts was 83.3%. Test and try to show that the game is effective. The pre-test result was 57.2 and the post-testresult increase to 80.76. The value of t-test with t-count -16.053<t-table 2.045 with a significant value of 0.05. The product was valid and can be used as a facility in the teaching and learning process. The result of student response was 85.20%, the score is very good. Wheel spinning game improves students' writing skills and motivate them to learn. The result of the research above indicates that the wheel spinning game is valid to be used as a tool of learning descriptive writing for class VII students. The next researchers may use this game for the other level of students.

Application of Scientific Approach-Based Learning Assisted by Question Cards and Ladder Snake Media for Evaluating Learning Outcomes

This study aims to determine the differences in student learning outcomes by applying to learning using question cards and snakes and ladders media through a scientific approach to the topic of acid-base discussion. Ultimately, the evaluation of improving the learning outcomes of students by learning using question cards and ladder snake media through a scientific approach to the topic of acids and bases is reported in this study. The population in this study were all students of class XI MS SMA Negeri 20 Medan, total three classes. The sample was taken by purposive sampling in two classes. The first class was experimental I, taught using a scientific approach using question cards, and the second class was experimental class II, conducted using a scientific approach using snakes and ladders. Each experiment class consists of 32 students. The research instrument was a multiple choices objective test instrument of 25 questions which had been tested for validity, reliability, discriminating power, and level of difficulty for learning outcome data. Test the first hypothesis using a two-party t-test, and SPSS 21 (independent samples t-test) results obtained for experimental class I with a tcount value of 32.320 > ttable 1.70. In contrast, the experimental class II has a tcount value of 31.231 > ttable 1 .70 at a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05. The second hypothesis test using the proper side t-test and in SPSS 21 (paired samples t-test) obtained a mean of 5.000 and a t-test value of 2.648 with a sig value of 0.010 <0.05.

Applying Whisper Game in Affecting Vocabulary Mastery at Eighth Grade of Junior High School

This aim of this research was to see the effect of using whisper game towards students’ vocabulary mastery at eighth grade of SMPN 3 Kota Jambi, whether it has significant effect or not. The design of this research was an experimental research that was done in pre-test and post-test. Before getting the sample, the population, VIIIA, VIIIB and VIIIC class, were previously given homogeneity test. After the class population achieving homogenous, the class samples were taken by using cluster random sampling technique. Then, the data of this research was collected by using vocabulary test. Type of the test was matching choice. The implementation of whisper game in teaching vocabulary at eighth grade of SMPN 3 Kota Jambi was conducted to two classes; they were experimental class and control class. The participant of this research was 37 students, there were 19 students in experimental class, and 18 students were in control class. In collecting the data, they were given the same test. The data from the test was analyzed quantitatively by using t-test formula. Based on the calculation of the t-test, the researcher found out that the value of t-test was 2, 3211 and t-table was 1,697 at the degrees of freedom (19 + 18 – 2) = 35, and at the level of confidence was 0.05. Due to the fact that t-test (2, 3211) was higher than t-table (1,697), so the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted. There was a significant effect of whisper game technique towards students’ vocabulary mastery at eighth grade students of SMPN 3 Kota Jambi.

Refresh Rate-Based Caching and Prefetching Strategies for Internet of Things Middleware.

One of the research directions in Internet of Things (IoT) is the field of Context Management Platforms (CMPs) which is a specific type of IoT middleware. CMPs provide horizontal connectivity between vertically oriented IoT silos resulting in a noticeable difference in how IoT data streams are processed. As these context data exchanges can be monetised, there is a need to model and predict the context metrics and operational costs of this exchange to provide relevant and timely context in a large-scale IoT ecosystem. In this paper, we argue that caching all transient context information to satisfy this necessity requires large amounts of computational and network resources, resulting in tremendous operational costs. Using Service Level Agreements (SLAs) between the context providers, CMP, and context consumers, where the level of service imperfection is quantified and linked to the associated costs, we show that it is possible to find efficient caching and prefetching strategies to minimize the context management cost. So, this paper proposes a novel method to find the optimal rate of IoT data prefetching and caching. We show the main context caching strategies and the proposed mathematical models, then discuss how a correctly chosen proactive caching strategy and configurations can help to maximise the profit of CMP operation when multiple SLAs are defined. Our model is accurate up to 0.0016 in Root Mean Square Percentage Error against our simulation results when estimating the profits to the system. We also show our model is valid using the t-test value tending to 0 for all the experimental scenarios.

Enhancement of Text Recognizing Exploitation in Phishing Websites using LSTM in Comparison with CNN based on Improving the Accuracy Rate

The objective of the work is to predict the accuracy of phishing websites based on exploitation of text recognition using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). To achieve accuracy, a novel np.random function was used. Method and Materials : Accuracy and Loss are performed with DATA dataset from the keras library. The total sample size is 20. The two groups Convolutional Neural Network (N=10) and Long Short Memory (N=10). Result : The result proved that Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with better accuracy of 97.3% than Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) accuracy of 93.2%. Finally CNN appears significantly better than LSTM. The two algorithms CNN and LSTM are statistically satisfied with the independent sample T-Test value (p<0.001) with a confidence level of 95%. Conclusion : Detecting the phishing website significantly seems to be better in CNN (Std.Error Mean = .0632) than LSTM (Std.Error Mean = .0678).

The Influence of User Trust and Experience On User Satisfaction Of E-Commerce Applications During Transactions in Mini Markets Using Delon and McLean Method

In order to increase net advantages for users of e-commerce applications in minimarkets, this research attempts to quantify the degree and influence of experience and trust on user pleasure. This research employs a quantitative methodology. Direct observations of e-commerce applications, literature reviews, and the online distribution of Google Forms-assisted questionnaires to application users via social media were the methods used to collect data. Both statistical and demographic analysis were used to analyze the data for this study. Users of e-commerce applications make up the study's population. Purposive sampling was the method employed for sampling. With a total of 180 samples, the non-probability sampling approach makes use of the PLS-SEM theory. The majority of respondents expressed high levels of satisfaction with the e-commerce application in minimarkets, according to the data processing results. Because perceived utilitarian's path coefficient and t-test values are below the threshold, the analysis of the aspects of user experience represented by perceived hedonic and perceived utilitarian shows that perceived hedonic has a significant effect on user satisfaction while perceived utilitarian does not. The user happiness variable is significantly impacted by the trust variable. Perceived hedonic value, trust, and ease of use are factors that significantly impact customer satisfaction with e-commerce applications in minimarkets.

Quantifying shape similarity of female upper body silhouettes based on 2D images

PurposeThis study focused on how to quantify the similarities of body shape based on the front and side images, and a shape comprehensive index (ISC) of female upper body shape based on 2D images was proposed.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 190 young women were shot for front and side images, and 18 shape parameters were automatically extracted, including seven angles and 11 ratio parameters. The coefficient of variation method was used to assign different weights for related parameters, and the ISC was calculated to describe the body shape of each subject. Five cross-sectional curves of the upper body (e.g. shoulder, chest, waist, abdomen and hip) were selected for exploring the range of shape similarity.FindingsAccording to the value of ISC, if the difference among the subjects is within the range of ±0.02, their body shapes can be regarded as similar, and the subject with the minimum distance is considered as the most similar. Error results show that the error range of the angle parameter is from 0.2° to 3.6° and the ratio range is from 0.001 to 0.119. Moreover, the t-test value among the parameters of the similar body is above 0.05, indicating that there is no significant difference for the upper body shape of the similar groups.Originality/valueThis method can quantify body shapes with the upper body characteristics of young women instead of subjective judgment. The study can be extended to other parts of the body and can also provide a new thought for shape similarity retrieval based on 2D images.

Rosetta Stone Application on Students’ Pronunciation

Expressing an idea or explaining something was needed to pay attention to English pronunciation. There are many digital platforms for learning English, especially for practicing pronunciation. Rosetta Stone is a unique language-learning application that makes it easy for students to learn because it is flexible. The aim of this research is to find out whether there is a difference in the influence of the use of Rosetta Stone Application and PowerPoint media on students' pronunciation. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Parungkuda. The researcher used a Quasi Experimental design for this research. The researcher involved students of class XI IPA 1 as the experimental class and class XI IPA 2 as the control class. The research instrument was an oral test to measure the influence of students' pronunciation on vowels, especially diphthongs with a total of 20 oral questions were used as research instruments. Data was collected through pre-test and post-test and were analyzed using the t-test with SPSS 22. The results of the independent t-test calculation showed a t-test value of 2,100, while the t-table is 1,9954 at a significance level of 0.05 and the degrees of freedom (df) is 68. The t-count is higher than the t-table (2,100 1,9954). It means that there was a difference in the influence of the use of Rosetta Stone Application and PowerPoint media. The different that distinguishes the experimental and control groups is the result of the final scores of the two classes, in which the experimental group has higher scores than the control group. In conclusion, the results between the experimental group and the control group have a significant difference.

Effectiveness of the ‘BANGKIT’ Program to Support the Implementation of ‘Merdeka’ Curriculum in Primary Schools in a Wetland Environment

This research is motivated by the flexibility provided by the independent curriculum to educational units to develop school programs that suit local geographic, social and cultural characteristics. Higher education institutions as school partners need to conduct research and develop school programs that are relevant to the wetland environment. This research aims to determine the level of effectiveness of the '‘BANGKIT’' school program which is an acronym for Moral, Religious, Numeracy & Literacy, Environmental Care Movement, Collaboration, Information & Technology which is a reference for developing elementary school level school programs in the wetland environment of South Kalimantan. This research used the Research and Development method, the research subjects were 191 elementary school students in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The research results show that the '‘BANGKIT’' program has proven to be significantly effective in increasing students' moral, religious, numeracy, literacy, ecological, collaboration and technology mastery competencies in wetland environments. The results of this research are supported by the results of the mean difference test using the paired sample t-test method with the help of SPSS software which shows a significance value that is smaller than 0.05 (0.05>0.000), the t-test value is greater than the t-table (2.337> 0.67667), and the posttest mean score was higher than the pretest (137.15>135.05). The level of increase if calculated using the N-Gain method shows a result of 0.312, which means there is an increase in the moderate category.

THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON CONSUMER AWARENESS ON STARBUCKS PRODUCTS

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of social media marketing variables on consumer awareness at Starbucks. This research is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The data for this study were obtained from 119 respondents. The sampling method in this study is quota sampling. According to multiple regression analysis, the results show that brand exposure has an influence but not significant on consumer awareness, indicated by a t-test value of 0.137 and a significance value of 0.891. Customer involvement has a significant influence on consumer awareness, indicated by a t test value of 2.251 and a significance value of 0.026. Word of Mouth has a significant influence on consumer awareness, indicated by a t test value of 5.172 and a significance value of 0.000.

The Effect of Fartlek Exercise on Endurance Students in Futsal Extracurricular PAB 4 Sampali Private High School

The background of the problem in this study is the lack of students' understanding of endurance training and not implementing routine endurance exercises. This study aims to determine the effect of fartlek exercises on student endurance in futsal extracurricular activities. This research was conducted using an experimental method with a research design using a One- Group Pretest-Posttest Design that is by conducting a pretest before giving treatment treatment, the population in this study was 27 students. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The sample in this study were 18 students who actively participated in futsal extracurricular activities at the PAB 4 Sampali Private High School. The study was conducted during 15 meetings to conduct fartlek training treatments. The research instrument used the bleep test. The data analysis technique used in this study was the t-test to determine the effect of fartlek training on student endurance. Based on the results of the statistical test t-test values obtained -17.015 with a significance of 0.000 (p <0.05) which means there is a significant difference (significant) physical endurance between the pretest and posttest on students. If seen from the average value, then the average value of pretest = 34.23 and the average posttest value = 38.73 is obtained, because the posttest average value is greater than the pretest, an increase in endurance of = 4.5 or 13.12%. So it can be concluded that the fartlek training has a positive effect on the endurance of students in futsal extracurricular PAB 4 Sampali Private High School.

Eating disorder and sports engagement in individuals playing sports

The main purpose of study is to investigate the relationship between the level of sports engagement, eating disorder tendency. A total of 524 individuals, a mean age of 24±8.00 in study. The data of the study were collected using the personal information form, the scale of engagement to sport, the orthorexia-11 scale. In the analysis of the data, the Independet Sample T-Test was used to compare the paired groups to determine the differences between the groups, One-Way Anova was used to compare the groups of three or more. In determining the effect size of the differences, Cohen d values for T-Test and eta2 values for ANOVA were calculated. Pearson Correlation test was used to determine the relationship between eating disorder tendency, sports engagement levels. Participants' sports engagement scores; while it did not differ according to gender (p>0.05), it differed branch, level of sports, diet and year of sports (p<0.05). Orthorexic (eating disorder) tendencies of the participants; while it did not differ gender and level of doing sports (p>0.05), it differed branch, dieting status and year of doing sports (p<0.05). It was determined that the sport, history, diet and training frequency were effective on adherence levels, orthorexic tendency, high level of sport adherence increased orthorexic tendency. Considering that people's physical appearance concerns are high, their desire to have a fit appearance due to environmental effects, this is thought to be effective in increasing the level of engagement to sports, orthorexic tendency.

Implementing a primary care simulation to improve interprofessional competencies

Learners from six health professions programs (athletic training, nursing, optometry, osteopathic medicine, pharmacy, and physical therapy) participated in a telehealth primary care simulation. The learners’ purpose of the simulated visit was to evaluate and manage a patient experiencing complications of type 2 diabetes, including vision changes, frequent falls, and a foot wound. ObjectivesThe objectives of the activity were to: 1) assess changes in perceived interprofessional abilities in the areas of communication, collaboration, roles and responsibilities, patient/family-centered care, conflict management and resolution, and team functioning, and 2) assess learner perceptions regarding the value of the interprofessional primary care simulation. ActivityLearners were divided into teams with 1–2 learners from each program (8–9 total learners per team) and each team interacted face-to-face in small individual classrooms. Trained faculty served as simulation facilitators in each classroom. Each team conducted a two-phase videoconference encounter with a trained standardized patient and family member. Between the two phases, each team conducted an interprofessional care planning session. Learner evaluation of the exercise used two validated tools, the revised Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey (ICCAS-R), and the modified Simulation Effectiveness Tool (SET-M) to inform the faculty. FindingsPaired t-test values on all 20 items of the ICCAS-R indicated statistically significant results (p < .001), and SET-M results indicated that over 88 % of learners strongly agreed or somewhat agreed with questions pertaining to their satisfaction with the activity. Findings from this activity can be used by other educational institutions to develop a primary care simulation based on the health professions available, thus enhancing interprofessional learning opportunities and overcoming a common barrier of limited clinical sites for interprofessional practice.

PENGARUH KERJA SAMA TIM DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIR TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PT. KOMINDO BIZOLUSI JAKARTA PUSAT

This research aims to examine the impact of team collaboration and career development on employee job satisfaction at PT. Komindo Bizolusi in Central Jakarta, both individually and collectively. The study employs a quantitative approach, utilizing a saturated sampling technique with a sample size of 75 respondents. Data collection is carried out through questionnaires, and data analysis involves validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, regression analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, coefficient of determination analysis, and hypothesis testing. Based on the research findings, the following results are revealed: (1) Team collaboration significantly influences employee job satisfaction at PT. Komindo Bizolusi in Central Jakarta, with the t-test value (14.766) exceeding the t-table value (1.993). (2) Career development also significantly impacts employee job satisfaction at PT. Komindo Bizolusi in Central Jakarta, as the t-test value (13.845) surpasses the t-table value (1.960). (3) Simultaneously, team collaboration and career development have a significant combined effect on employee job satisfaction at PT. Komindo Bizolusi in Central Jakarta, with the F-test value (135.125) exceeding the F-table value (2.730).

Optimization of fermentation condition to produce liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from rotten vegetable waste using response surface methodology

This study aims to optimize fermentation process of vegetable waste into liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). Materials used in this study are rotten vegetables obtained from the local market and bio-activator from the biogas pilot plant. Level of variables for LOF fermentation such as fermentation time and activator volume were adjusted by central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize process variables using JMP Pro ver. 13 software. This study observed except for yield of phosphorus (P) which is significantly correlated with fermentation time and bio-activator volume, other parameters such as pH, nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and carbon (C) are associated with time significantly but less significant with bio-activator volume. RSM predicted the best fermentation time to produce LOF was 11.17 days using bio-activator volume of 5.15 mL and pH level should be around 6 to 7.5. The LOF product under those optimum condition was predicted containing N, P K, and C approximately 0.15%, 0.042%, 0.27% and 0.58% respectively. Experimental verification had been carried out and t-test was used to compare the means of the observed and predicted data in this study. The experimental values were found significantly in agreement with the predicted N and P, but less significant for K with respect to t-Table. The t-test value indicates the predictive models were accepted. © 2001 Elsevier Science. All rights reserved.

PENGARUH PELATIHAN KETERAMPILAN PERTOLONGAN PERTAMA PADA SISWA PINGSAN

The weather can cause fainting, every ceremony some students faint, first aid is taken to the UKS room. The better your knowledge about first aid, the better you will be at carrying out first aid measures in the field. One effort that can be made to increase knowledge related to first aid is by conducting skills training. The study aimed to improve first-aid skills for fainting students and determine the effect of training on first-aid skills for fainting students. Quasi Experiment Design, One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, one treatment group. The number of respondents was 30 people. The time of the research was September 2023. The research subjects were class III students at SDN 7 Rejang Lebong, with long experience as UKS members according to predetermined criteria. The research used primary data from class III students. Those who are willing and agree to become respondents. The statistical test results obtained by the correlation value through pre and post-produce a value of 0.428, a sufficient and positive relationship. The probability value/p value of the Paired T-test: Result = 0.123. Meaning: There is no difference between before and after treatment. Because the p-value is &gt; 0.05 (95% confidence), there is no difference before and after implementation among research respondents the effect of first aid skills training on fainted students. It is recommended to plan regular training activities specifically for PMR on first aid for fainting students.

Effects of retro-walking and spinal flexion exercises in postural low back pain

Purpose: to determine the effects of retro-walking along with spinal flexion exercises in postural low back pain. Materials &amp; Methods: total subjects were 30 selected out of 69 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were divided in two groups – Group A and Group B. Both groups are experimental and have 15 subjects in each group on the basis of inclusion criteria. The purpose and procedure of the study were explained in details and consent from the taken and they were free to withdraw any time without giving any reason. Results: independent t-test was used to find the significant difference between before and after intervention result in both groups. Before the intervention, table 1; the value of t-test of numeric pain rating scale was –1.628 wit significance value 0.115 of both groups; group A and B. whereas the value of t-test of oswestry disability index was –1.374 of both groups with significance value 0.180 of group A and 0.183 of group B. After intervention, table-2; the value of numeric pain rating scale and oswestry disability index was 0.000 and 0.000 in both groups. There was 95% of confidence interval adopted for the significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: there were reduction in pain and disability in both groups. The statistically reduction in pain and disability in group A following 4-weeks protocol of retro-walking along with spinal flexion exercises in postural low back pain suggests including retro-walking with conventional management protocol for patients with postural low back pain.

EFFECTIVENESS OF GROUP REMINISCENCE THERAPY ON DEPRESSION AMONG THE INSTITUTIONALIZED ELDERLY AT CHESHIRE OLD AGE HOME, LUCKNOW

The inevitable process of growing older is accompanied by a number of social, psychological, hormonal, and physical changes. The quality of life for the elderly is impacted by these changes. People experience mental distress as they become older due to social maladjustment as a result, they may go through a phase of depressive illness, which can develop into a multisystem disorder. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the level of depression among the institutionalized elderly, to evaluate the effectiveness of group reminiscence therapy on depression among the institutionalized elderly and to find out the association between the selected demographic variables and the level of depression. Methods: The pre-experimental research design was employed by the researcher. Purposive sampling was used to conduct the study among 30 elderly residents of Lucknows Cheshire Old Age Home. In order to evaluate the degree of cognition, the data was obtained using the standardized Hindi version of the Mini-Mental Status Examination given by Tiwari, Tripathi, and Kumar.Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., and Leirer, V. O. 30-point Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess the level of severity of depression. Group Reminiscence Therapy was provided for eight consecutive days, with sessions lasting 45 minutes each. Result: According to the findings of the study, group reminiscence therapy significantly reduced the level of depression among elderly people. The mean difference in depression levels between pre-test and post-test among the elderly was 5.430. The paired t-test value (11.023) was found to be significant (p=0.001). Depression and financial support were shown to be significantly associated (p 0.001). Overall, group reminiscence therapy significantly reduced depression in elderly residents of old age home.

Gamification and its challenges in e-learning: a case study of computer science learners in KKHSOU

PurposeThe purpose of the case study is to investigate the perception of computer science learners at Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University (KKHSOU) regarding the use of gamification and to identify the challenges in implementing gamified teaching-learning processes in open and distance learning (ODL) institutions.Design/methodology/approachThe case study was carried out by observing the views of the learners on the use of gamification in distance learning and studying the participation level of computer science learners before and after the gamification environment was added to a specific topic through the learning management system (LMS). The pre-game and post-game effects on learners' participation against various factors using t-tests were also investigated in this study.FindingsThe study reveals that gamification had a positive and highly significant influence on the learners' participation and engagement in the e-content provided via the LMS. The post-gamification mean score (5.62) was higher than the pre-gamification mean score (2.36), and the overall paired t-test (5.301) value was significant at the 1% level of significance. Some of the challenges faced during the study were communication with the learner, lack of technical skills of the learner, duration of study, etc.Originality/valueThis study will help in understanding the perception and effect of gamification on computer science learners in ODL mode in India. The study succeeded in demonstrating that the use of gamified elements results in increased learner participation.