T-test Value Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Circumlocution Strategy towards the Students’ Speaking Skills at SMA-IT Al-Biruni Makassar

This research’s aim is to find out whether the circumlocution strategy effectively improves the students’ speaking skills at SMA-IT Al-Biruni Makassar. This research used a pre-experimental method which consisted the eleventh-grade students of SMA-IT Al-Biruni Makassar as the subjects. The research instruments for data collection used in this research are the pre-test and post-test to determine students' skills in terms of fluency before and after treatment. The result of this research showed that the t-test value was higher than t-table value. The mean score of the post-test is higher than the mean score of the pre-test. It means that the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected while the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted. In other words, there is significant difference between the result of the pre-test and post-test in teaching speaking skill in fluency by using circumlocution strategy. Based on the findings, the researcher concluded that the circumlocution strategy effectively improved students' speaking skills in terms of fluency in the eleventh grade at SMA-IT Al-Biruni Makassar.

The Effectiveness of the hybrid problem-based learning approach in training of speaking English at SMAN 14 Makassar

This study aims to see the effectiveness of the hybrid problem-based learning approach in training of speaking English at SMAN 14 Makassar. The researcher used quantitative research with a pre-experimental where the data gained from speaking test and data was collected through pre-test, treatment and post-test. The population of the research was the member of OSIS SMAN 14 Makassar. The total of population were 28 students.The result showed that the improvement of students’ accuracy and fluency from 28 students. The mean score of accuracy in post-test showed (75,5) that is higher than pre-test (54,3), with percentage of improvement (39%). Besides, most of students got very good score (71-85). Furthermore, the t-test value (2.0) that is greater than t-table value (2.052). It was concluded that there was significant improvement in accuracy by implementing the hybrid problem-based learning. Then, the mean score of fluency in post-test showed (64,4) that is higher than pre-test (46,1), with percentage of improvement (39%). Besides, most of students got good score (56-70). While, the t-test analysis of fluency showed (1.8) that is greater than t-table (2.052). It was concluded that there was significant improvement in fluency by implementing the hybrid problem-based learning.Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the hybrid problem-based learning was effective to improve the students speaking skills approach in training of speaking English at SMAN 14 Makassar.

EFFECTIVENESS OF USING CAKE APPLICATION ON STUDENTS' PRONUNCIATION SKILLS AT SMP UNISMUH MAKASSAR

This study aims to find out the use of Cake Application in improving the students' pronunciation skills at the nine grade of SMP Unismuh Makassar.This research used quantitative research with a pre-experimental approach. The researcher gave pre-test to the students, and then the researcher gave the students’ treatment using Cake Application. After giving treatment, researcher gave post-test to the students. The population in this study were students of the class IX SMP Unismuh Makassar. The sample of this research was the students of the class IX.A, included 33 students.The result showed that the t-test value was higher than t-table value. The t-test value of pronunciation is greater than t-table (8.21>2.03693). It was concluded that the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted. That means there were significant differences students' pronounciation skill before and after using the Cake Application. The research conducted shows that the use of Cake Application on students’ pronunciation skills was effective.

Increasing the Students’ Speaking Ability through Role-Playing with Slovin’s Formula Sample Size

The ability to communicate is required at this time because it allows for effective communication of ideas, information, and other concepts. To enhance speaking skills, one must use the appropriate media, including flashcard learning media employing the role-playing method. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the Role-Playing Card method with Slovin’s Formula as the sample size can increase students' speaking abilities. The purpose of this experimental study is to determine whether the use of Role-Playing Cards can assist students in developing their speaking abilities. This investigation employed a pre-experimental design. This study involved 42 eighth-grade students from SMPN 19 Kota Tangerang Selatan. Information gathered from the pre- and post-tests The results of the analysis indicate that the t-test value (12,195) is significantly greater than the t-table (23,190). This shows that the null hypothesis (H0) or negative hypothesis, namely that role-playing card methods cannot increase students' speaking ability, cannot be accepted, and the alternative hypothesis (H1) or positive hypothesis, namely that role-playing card methods can increase students' speaking ability, must be accepted. This research concludes, based on the results of t-test calculations, that the role-playing card method is an effective medium for helping students hone their speaking skills

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTEXTUAL, CONSOLIDATING, RECEIVING, RECOGNIZING, RETAINING, RETIEVING, AND RECYCLING (2C-5R) MODEL TO ENCHANCE THE STUDENTS ENGLISH VOCABULARY AT SMP GOWA RAYA MAKASSAR

This research applied a pre-experimental method that spending two months periot of time to ceollectdata using pre-tes, treatment, and post-test. Data were taken from 21 srudents using a total sampling technique from the second grade of Gowa Raya Junior High School. the researcher found that the studets' vocabulary wa very slow, but after the treatment their vocabulary knowledge increased significantly as evidenced by the students' average results.The results of this study indicate that the difference in students' words is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test score. And the mean score of pre-test was 67.52, and the mean scoree of post-test was 84.47. It can be seen the improvment of pre-test and post-test was 16.96% then calculate the t-test value for vocabulary is 11.18 t-table is 2.086. the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. It can be conclude that that the use of the 2C5R model can improve student achievement, especially for Gowa Raya high school students.

Pengaruh Rekrutmen, Pelatihan Kerja Dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di Pt Sinar Mandiri Semesta (Tara Hotel Yogyakarta)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the recruitment process, training, and job satisfaction and determine which of the three independent variables have the most effect on employee performance. The procedure used in data collection uses a survey method, distributing questionnaires through Google Forms. While data analysis is done through SPSS and Annova software testing. The results showed that (1) recruitment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance based on the t value of the recruitment variable (X1) is 2.279 and the t table value is 1.692. The magnitude of the influence of recruitment (X1) on employee performance (Y) is 0.353, which means that every time there is recruitment (X1), it will increase employee performance (Y) by 0.353 units, (2) training has a positive and significant effect on employee performance based on the t value of the training variable (X2) is 1.935 and the t table value is 1.692. The magnitude of the effect of training (X2) on employee performance (Y) is 0.217, which means that every time there is training (X2), it will increase employee performance (Y) by 0.217 units, (3) job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance based on the t value of the satisfaction variable (X3) is 6.548 and the t table value is 1.692. The magnitude of the effect of satisfaction (X3) on employee performance (Y) is 0.678, which means that every time there is satisfaction (X3), it will increase employee performance (Y) by 0.678 units, (4) job satisfaction (X3) is the most influential variable on employee performance seen from the t-test value and multiple linear regression.

Estimation and Investigation of Photosynthetically Active Radiation Using Meteorological Parameters over Ikeja, Nigeria

Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 0.4 - 0.7μm) is a key driver in ecosystem biochemical processes, and thus a critical factor in agriculture productivity, ecosystem-atmosphere energy, and CO2 fluxes. In this study, the measured monthly averaged daily global solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed, minimum and maximum temperature dataset was utilized to estimate and investigate the Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) for Ikeja (latitude 6.58 N, longitude 3.33 E and 39.4 m above sea level) located in the coastal region ofNigeria. The meteorological parameters used in this work were obtained from the archives of National Aeronautics and space Administration (NASA) for a period of thirty-eight years (1984-2021).The newly developed temperature PAR based models were statistically tested using the coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Bias Error (MBE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Percentage Error (MPE), t – test and index of Agreement (IA) to ascertain the accuracy and applicability of the models. The results show that, the highest and lowest values of PAR were found during the rainy season with 8.3426 MJ and 6.4936 MJ in the months of April and July respectively. Based on the developed models, the model equation (16g) is the most suitable for estimating PAR for Ikeja with R2, MBE, RMSE, MPE, t-test and IA values of 80.9 , 0.0062 MJ , 0.3415 MJ -0.1974 0.0601 and 92.8712 respectively.

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme Regarding Prevention of Infection in Hospitalized Neonates Among Nursing Students

Introduction: Neonatal infection presents with systemic signs of infection and the detection of bacteria or other pathogens in the bloodstream. Infants are particularly vulnerable to bacterial sepsis, and the incidence of sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit surpasses that of any other hospital department. Educating caregivers through instructional programs can prove beneficial in preventing these infections. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching program in preventing infection in hospitalized neonates. Methods: A study was conducted among 96 nursing students enrolled in a bachelor-level nursing program at a selected nursing college in Pokhara. The students were chosen using a complete enumerative sampling technique to ensure a diverse group. Data was collected from the nursing students using a self-administered semi-structured knowledge questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The findings indicate that 56.25% of the participants possess a moderately adequate level of knowledge, while 31.25% have an inadequate knowledge level in the pre-test. However, after the post-test, there was a significant increase in the knowledge score, with 75% of the respondents demonstrating an adequate level of knowledge. The structured teaching program proved to be effective in enhancing the knowledge level among nursing students, as evidenced by a t-test value of 16.89 (p<0.05). Conclusions: A study found that implementing a structured teaching program effectively improves nursing students' knowledge level. This equips them with the necessary knowledge to prevent neonatal infections, reducing morbidity and mortality rates among new-borns.

THE EFFECT OF USING WATTPAD APPLICATION IN IMPROVING READING COMPREHENSION OF THE TENTH GRADE AT SMA NEGERI 9 MAKASSAR

This research aimed to find out whether the effect of using Wattpad in Improving students’ Reading Comprehension or not at Tenth Grade Students of SMA Negeri 9 Makassar. This research used quantitative research with a pre-experimental approach. The researcher gave pre-test to students, and then the researcher gave the students’ treatment using Wattpad Application. After treatment is given, researcher gives the students’ post-test. The population in this study were students of the class X SMA Negeri 9 Makassar. The sample of this research was the students of the class X.7, included 29 students. The sample was taken by Purposive Sampling. The result showed that the t-test value was higher than the t-table value. The t-test value of reading comprehension in terms of Literal Comprehension was higher than the t-table (14.75>2.04841), and the t-test value in terms of Interpretative comprehension was higher than the t-table (15.17>2.04841). The t-test of the indicators in the students' Reading Comprehension skills t-test produced a result that was higher than the t-table (29.92>2.04841). It was concluded that the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted. It means that using the Wattpad application was effective to improve students’ reading comprehension.

The Use of Oral Presentation Techniques to Improve Communication Skills in Social Studies Learning

Communication skills play a crucial role in IPS (Social Studies) education, but often they are not fully developed due to the lack of suitable teaching methods. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effectiveness of using oral presentations as a teaching strategy to enhance communication skills among junior high school students. The study utilized an experimental research design with a pretest-posttest control group. Sixty students were divided into two groups: the control group and the experimental group. The data were collected using an observation sheet to assess students' communication skills, and the data analysis employed the t-test. The findings demonstrated that the oral presentation technique had a significant impact on improving the communication skills of junior high school students in IPS learning. This was supported by a t-test value of 0.000 (below 0.05). Based on these results, the author concluded that employing oral presentations as a teaching strategy is effective in enhancing the communication skills of junior high school students in IPS education. These research findings carry important implications for educators, students, and stakeholders as they recognize and prioritize the development of communication skills in IPS learning.

THE USE OF ENGAGE, STUDY, ACTIVATE (ESA) METHOD TO ENHANCE THE STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

This research aimed at enriching the students’ writing ability particularly content and organization in writing descriptive text by using Engage, Study, Activate (ESA) Method. A pre-experimental design was employed with one group pre-test and post-test design. The sample was only one class consisting of 30 students that was selected by using purposive sampling technique. The data were obtained through writing test. Findings showed that the students’ mean score in pre-test was 4.23 and it was improved to be 7.2 in post-test. Therefore, the statistical computation described that Engage, Study, activate (ESA) Method was effective in improving the students’ writing ability in descriptive text. It is supported by the value of t-test that is bigger than the value of t-table (18.5>2.045). Therefore, the Alternative Hypothesis was accepted and the Null hypothesis was rejected. Designing the learning purpose appropriately which considers students’ needs and language level may ease teachers to use the Engage, Study, activate (ESA) Method in improving students’ writing descriptive text. The teachers may try to take advantage of Engage, Study, activate (ESA) Method to be utilized in their class room activities to conduct an effective and interesting learning atmosphere in the classroom.

Analysis of Factors That Influence Continuance Use Intention of Mobile Banking Users Using Expectation Confirmation Model

This research aims to see the results of the level of measurement of continuity of use intention in mobile banking and what variables have an influence. This study uses a quantitative approach. In this research, data collection was carried out through a literature study, observation, and surveys. Researchers analyzed demographic data using Microsoft Excel. Researchers analyzed and interpreted the research results by describing demographic data, outer models, and inner models. The conclusion of the research results, namely this research has succeeded in measuring the level of continuance use intention (CUI) based on the coefficient of determination (R2), namely 0.7 (70%) categorized as medium-level sustainability intention, which is influenced by the variables used in the research model. The research results succeeded in determining the factors that influence continuance use intention (CUI), namely confirmation, perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and perceived security. The research results also succeeded in identifying factors that did not influence continuance use intention (CUI), namely self-efficacy, which received a value below the threshold for the path coefficient, namely 0.02, and a t-test value of 0.25, indicating that this relationship was rejected and had no significant effect.

The Influence of Celebrity Endorsement, Brand Image, Brand Trust and Lifestyle on Purchase Decisions for Geoff Max Brand Shoes (Study on Students in Purwokerto City)

Local brand shoes in Indonesia have been in great demand by young people, both men and women because the quality and model are not inferior to foreign-made products. The purpose of this study was to examined the influence of celebrity endorsement, brand image, brand trust, and lifestyle on purchase decisions for Geoff Max brand shoes. The population of this study were students at three universities, namely Jendral Soedirman University, Muhammadiyah Purwokerto University, and K.H Saifuddin Zuhri State Islamic University Purwokerto. The method used in this research was quantitative method with purposive sampling with a total of 100 students who are processed using five Likert scale with multiple regression analysis using SPSS Version 26. The results of this study indicated that celebrity endorsement and brand image have no significant influence on purchase decisions, while brand trust and lifestyle have a positive and significant influence on purchase decisions. The results of the t-value test calculated on lifestyle variables of (4,303) and a signification value of 0.000, thus lifestyle is more dominant in influencing the purchase decision of Geoff Max brand shoes compared to brand trust.

DOES CONFORMITY REALLY EXIST? EXAMINATION OF INFORMATIONAL SOCIAL INFLUENCE IN THE RECOGNITION OF THE COLOR ORDER

This research examines the informational social influence in situations involving the recognition of the color order. Also, this study examines the differences in selection of the stimuli between the two measures: in the first measure there was no answer from the artist, and in the second, there was. The sample consists of 50 subjects, ages 18 to 65 years (M = 41.5, SD = 15.8). In the first phase, the subjects were shown standard stimuli lasting 1 second, and their task was to remember them and then recognize them among the four offered examples that they were exposed to for 3 seconds. The second phase was identical to the first, and the only difference was the presence of a response given by the artist. The results show that 23% cases were influenced by conformity. The analysis of the subject’s responses to the variable “stimulus selection” shows that there is a statistically significant difference in the average selection of stimuli between the situation with and without the artist’s response (t(49) = -3.06, p = .004, d = -0.432). A negative t-test value shows that subjects would choose the stimulus that the artist marked as correct more often in the situation when it is listed. Further research is recommended that would include the use of a more homogeneous sample in terms of age, the use of experimenter associates and insisting on the personal importance of the involvement of research participants.

The Influence of Steam Project-Based Chemistry Learning with the Assistance of Chemsketch on Learning Outcomes and Creative Thinking Ability on Macromolecular Materials

<p><em>This research aims to determine the effect of STEAM Project-based chemistry learning assisted by ChemSketch on the learning outcomes and creative thinking abilities of students at SMA N 1 Kendal. This research is quantitative research using the Quasi Experimental method. The quasi experimental design in this research is nonequivalent control group design. Samples were taken using cluster random sampling technique. The population of this study was all students in class XII MIPA SMA N 1 Kendal. Chemistry learning using the STEAM Project approach has a moderate effect in improving student learning outcomes as evidenced by the t-test value of the difference between two average learning outcomes of 0.031 (sig. (2 tailed) < 0.05) which means Ha is accepted and the Effect Size test of 0.53. Meanwhile, the STEAM Project approach in this research had no effect on students' creative thinking abilities due to the lack of variety of questions and limited time during learning. This is proven by the t-test, the difference between the two average creative thinking abilities is 0.109 (sig. (2 tailed) > 0.05).</em></p>

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SELF-DIRECTED DIALOGUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY AT ELEVENTH GRADE OF MAN 2 BULUKUMBA

This study aims to determine whether the implementation of self-directed dialogue could improve the speaking ability of class XI MAN 2 Bulukumba. The researcher applied the pre-experimental research method using a one group pre-test and post-test design and collected data by giving a pre-test and post-test. The sample of this study were 24 students of class XI A MAN 2 Bulukumba. The samples were taken using purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using pre-experimental. Based on the results of data analysis, it was obtained that the t-test value was 14.11 and t-table was 1.714 at the significance level of 0.05. Thus, it could be assumed that H₁ is accepted, which indicates that there is a significant increase in the students' abilities before and after being taught with the implementation self-directed dialogue. Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of self-directed dialogue was effective for improving students' speaking ability in grade eleventh of MAN 2 Bulukumba in the 2023/2024 academic year.

The Effect of Extensive Reading Strategy on Students’ Reading Comprehension at Smp Dharma Wanita In The Academic Year Of 2023/2024

The objectives of this study is to find out whether extensive reading give significant effect to the students’ reading comprehension. The method in this research was Experimental research. This research had been conducted at SMP Dharma Wanita. The Population of this research was the eighth grade students of SMP Dharma Wanita which consisted of 48 students into two classes, namely VIII-A and VIII-B. VIII-A as the experimental class and VIII-B as the control class. Both of classes consisted of 48 students with homogenous score. The experimental class treated by using extensive reading strategy, while the control class was using the conventional ways. The pre-test was given to the two groups before giving the treatment. The result of pre-test showed the mean score of experimental class was 40,16 and the control class was 36,35. After giving the treatment, post-test was given. The result of post-test showed the mean score of experimental class was 72,64 and the control class was 39,65. The value of t-test was higher than the ratio on t-table (11,424>1,678). Therefore, Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. In conclusion, Extensive Reading Strategy can be effectively to be used to teach reading comprehension of eighth grade students of SMP Dharma Wanita.

The Application of Developed Delone & McLean Method to Analyze The Success and Effectiveness of Alfagift Application Among Big Cities' Users in Indonesia

This research aims to find out how successful application use is and what factors influence the successful use of online shopping applications. This research uses quantitative methods. Users of online shopping applications in Jabodetabek were given a questionnaire via Google Form as part of the data collection method used in this study. Users of online shopping apps made up the study's population. Purposive sampling was the method used to choose the study's sample. In this study, a sample of one hundred respondents was used. The two types of data analysis are statistical analysis and demographic analysis. The results of the conducted research support the notion that the presence of online shopping applications is beneficial, and that user perceptions play a significant role in the success of an application's use. Respondents can shop online with convenience and utility thanks to the services offered by online shopping applications. User satisfaction with net benefits is the most significant factor, according to the path coefficient and t-test values. This indicates that consumers are happy with the online shopping app and are inclined to accept the advantages it provides. Consumers believe that an element that can raise the net benefit value of online shopping applications is user satisfaction. According to the path coefficient and t-test values, service quality is the factor that has the least impact on users' perceptions of its usefulness. This indicates that consumers believe the usefulness value they perceive from online shopping applications cannot be enhanced by the quality of those services. So, improvements need to be made so that the success of using the application increases.

Pengaruh Promosi Dan Distribusi Untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Penjualan Sepeda Motor Honda CRF Studi Kasus Pada Dealer Honda Mitra Sehati Jaya, Bandar Jaya

The purpose of this study is to find out whether interest has an effect on purchasing decisions for Honda Scoopy Motorcycles, to find out whether Lifestyle influences motorbike purchasing decisions. Honda Scoopy, knowing Brand Image has an effect on purchasing decisions for Honda Scoopy Motorcycles, and knowing Interest, Lifestyle and Brand Image have an effect on purchasing decisions for Honda Scoopy Motorcycles. The research method uses quantitative research that measures the variables of interest, lifestyle, brand image, and purchasing decisions. The population in this study were Honda Scoopy customers at TDM Honda Motor Sekampung. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire. Data analysis in this study used multiple linear regression. The results showed that the t-test value on the interest variable with a significance level of 5% was 0.005 <0.05 and tcount (2.96) > ttable (2.03), so that there was a positive and significant influence on interest. customers on purchasing decisions for Honda Scoopy motorcycles. The value of the t test on the lifestyle variable with a significance level of 5% is 0.034 < 0.05 and tcount (2.198) > ttable (2.03), so that there is a positive and significant influence on lifestyle on motorcycle purchasing decisions Honda Scoopy. The value of the t test on the brand image variable with a significance level of 5% is 0.007 < 0.05 and t (2.861) > t table (2.03), so that there is a positive and significant influence on brand image on motorcycle purchasing decisions Honda Scoopy. There is a positive and significant influence of interest, lifestyle, and brand image on purchasing decisions for Honda Scoopy motorcycle products at TDM Sekampung.

#144 : Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Efficacy of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy for Patients with Recurrent Implantation Failure in Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer After PGT-A

Background and Aims: Despite keen development of ART, recurrent implantation failure (RIF) remains a challenging dilemma for fertility specialists. As it contains significant growth factors involved in delicate process of implantation, platelet–rich plasma (PRP) therapy should promote endometrial receptivity and improve ART. Objective: To evaluate if the intrauterine perfusion with autologous PRP enhances frozen-thawed embryo transfer effectiveness in patients with RIF after PGT-A. Methods: Study type: Interventional. Design: randomized controlled study Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: open label After obtaining institutional review board approval, 232 women aged 28-42 years were involved. Matching criteria: RIF, normal karyotype, absence of uterine factors of infertility, availability of euploid embryos after PGT-A (NGS). 2 groups of patients: study group (N = 118): single IP with 2.0 ml of autologous PRP on day 10-11 of menstrual cycle; Control group: no therapy (N = 114). Endometrium preparation was carried out according to standardized protocol. Primary outcome measure was clinical pregnancy rate. Secondary outcome measures were pregnancy loss rate, endometrial thickness and adverse event. Results: The clinical pregnancy rate was higher in the study group (63.55% vs 38.59%) ([Formula: see text]2=14.462, OR=2.775, 95% CI 1.630 - 4.722, p<0,001). The endometrium thickness before intervention didn’t between groups (7.3 vs 7.4 mm), however, endometrium thickness measured just before embryo transfer was significantly higher in the study group (10.5 vs 8.4 mm, Student’s t-test value: 11.87; number of degrees of freedom f=230; Critical value of Student’s t-test=1.972, at significance level [Formula: see text]= 0.05). The pregnancy rate loss did not differ between groups ([Formula: see text]2=0.033, OR=0.908, 95% CI 0.324 – 2.546, p>0,05). No adverse event was noted. Conclusions : – The PRP intrauterine perfusion should be considered perspective, safe and cost-effective therapy method for patients with RIF. – PRP does not influence on pregnancy loss rate – Meta-analysis is required. Support: None