Individual Values Research Articles

HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOR FOR YOUNG ONSET DEMENTIA IN WESTERN COUNTRIES AND EAST ASIA: A SCOPING REVIEW

Abstract Aim We aimed to investigate the impact of culture in Western countries and East Asia on the health-seeking behavior in young onset dementia. Background While previous research has largely focused on the impact of culture on health-seeking behaviors in late onset dementia, a gap exists in understanding these influences in young onset dementia since they present unique challenges and needs. Design and Methods A scoping review was conducted using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Databases searched included Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Trials, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Airiti Library, and Taiwan’s National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, with coverage up to July 22, 2024. The PRISMA-ScR checklist was employed to ensure the rigor of this scoping review. Results From 1,611 retrieved articles 27 studies were included. The synthesized results were analyzed using the Health Belief Model. Two main themes emerged from the analysis: (i) perceived susceptibility, severity, and barriers, with subthemes including stigma, financial impact of working, psychological and emotional effects, diagnostic challenges, and access to healthcare; and (ii) perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action, with subthemes including welfare, individualistic or collective values, meaningful activities, and environmental support. Conclusion Health-seeking behavior for young onset dementia is influenced by cultural differences between Western countries and East Asia. Specifically, Western cultures emphasize individualistic values, while East Asian cultures prioritize collective decision-making. Clinical implication: It is crucial to develop informed and culturally appropriate care for persons with young onset dementia that is tailored to the distinct needs of Western and East Asian populations.

LIFE GUIDELINES AND VALUES OF MODERN STUDENT YOUTH IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIO-CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY (BASED ON THE RESULTS OF A SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY)

Studying the life orientations of students is important for understanding the processes taking place in the minds of the younger generation, which is being formed under the influence of various factors and subjects. The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristics and dynamics of the student youth’s life orientations based on their value and target priorities. The results of the study of student life orientations and their dynamics demonstrated a shift in value priorities towards the values of individualization, as well as strengthening the position of adaptation values. The values of socialization related to social interaction and integration in society have receded into the background. On the one hand, bringing the values of individualization to the fore means stabilizing the socio-economic situation in the country, when young people can shift their focus from values that ensure survival to the values of self-improvement and self-actualization. On the other hand, the priority of individualization values marks the cultural and value transformation of Russian society, the risk of an intergenerational value gap. The analysis of the dynamics of gender differences in value orientations indicates the transformation of gender roles, the shift of the traditional focus for men from adaptation to individualization, as well as the increasing role of women in maintaining adaptation mechanisms.

Socio-Economic and Cultural Impacts of Dhoho Airport Development on Buffer Villages: A Case Study in Tiron and Banyakan, Kediri

Infrastructure development plays a pivotal role in transforming rural areas, particularly through large-scale projects such as airports. This study explores the socio-economic and cultural impacts of Dhoho Airport development in Kediri on buffer villages, focusing on Tiron and Banyakan. The primary objective is to understand how airport development influences economic opportunities, social structures, and cultural dynamics in these communities. Employing a qualitative case study design, this research collected data through in-depth interviews with community leaders, participatory observations of social interactions, and documentation from government and local institutions. The findings reveal significant economic transformations, including livelihood diversification from agriculture to trade and services, fostering the growth of MSMEs. Socially, the airport has contributed to declining cooperation, reflecting a shift toward individualistic values. Culturally, modernization has accelerated acculturation, altering traditional practices and values, particularly among younger generations. Moreover, there is a growing awareness of education and skill development as communities adapt to emerging economic opportunities. This study underscores the importance of inclusive development policies that balance economic growth with the preservation of cultural identity and social cohesion.

Comfort-Promoting Interventions for the Elderly in Hospital Settings.

Background: The comfort of the elderly in hospital settings requires special attention from the health care professionals involved, particularly nurses, since hospitalization often generates suffering and discomfort. In such contexts, it is essential to consider the specific characteristics of the elderly, taking into account their life experiences and their needs, to promote the health, well-being, and comfort of this population. Hence, the present work aimed to explore the nursing interventions that promote comfort among the elderly in hospital settings. Methods: A mixed descriptive exploratory study was conducted through the application of a questionnaire, using intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The study encompassed 55 elderly individuals hospitalized in the medical service of a public hospital located in Lisbon. Results: The results show that the participants perceived a reasonable level of comfort (5.65 ± 6.46). The following categories emerged from the content analysis: (1) physical interventions; (2) psycho-spiritual interventions; (3) socio-cultural interventions; and (4) environmental interventions. Conclusions: These findings help to understand comfort-promoting nursing interventions in the studied population. It was concluded that, to improve care quality, comforting interventions should focus on the elderly patient's individuality, through support activities, empowerment, and the preservation/correction of the surrounding environment. Additionally, the provided care should be based on the real needs, expectations, preferences, and values of the elderly individual.

Thinking politically about intersectoral action: Ideas, Interests and Institutions shaping political dimensions of governing during COVID-19.

Our paper examines the political considerations in the intersectoral action that was evident during the SAR-COV-2 virus (COVID-19) pandemic through case studies of political and institutional responses in 16 nations (Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Ethiopia, India, New Zealand, Nigeria, Peru, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, UK, and USA). Our qualitative case study approach involved an iterative process of data gathering and interpretation through the three Is (institutions, ideas and interests) lens, which we used to shape our understanding of political and intersectoral factors affecting pandemic responses. The institutional factors examined were: national economic and political context; influence of the global economic order; structural inequities; and public health structures and legislation, including intersectoral action. The ideas explored were: orientation of governments; political actors' views on science; willingness to challenge neoliberal policies; previous pandemic experiences. We examined the interests of political leaders and civil society and the extent of public trust. We derived five elements that predict effective and equity-sensitive political responses to a pandemic. Firstly, effective responses have to be intersectoral and led from the head of government with technical support from health agencies. Secondly, we found that political leaders' willingness to accept science, communicate empathetically and avoid 'othering' population groups was vital. The lack of political will was found in those countries stressing individualistic values. Thirdly, a supportive civil society which questions governments about excessive infringement of human rights without adopting populist anti-science views, and is free to express opposition to the government encourages effective political action in the interests of the population. Fourthly, citizen trust is vital in times of uncertainty and fear. Fifthly, evidence of consideration is needed regarding when people's health must be prioritized over the needs of the economy. All these factors are unlikely to be present in any one country. Recognizing the political aspects of pandemic preparedness is vital for effective responses to future pandemics and while intersectoral action is vital, it is not enough in isolation to improve pandemic outcomes.

The impact of cultural values on students’ communication apprehension in online classrooms: The moderating role of gender

The impact of cultural values on students’ communication apprehension in online classrooms: The moderating role of gender

Does individualism lead to longer working hours?

AbstractObjectiveIn this article, utilizing the European Social Survey (ESS), we empirically analyze the effect of individualism on working hours at the micro level.MethodWe use the European Social Survey (ESS), which is a biennial survey conducted in European countries. The ESS provides us five different proxies to measure individualism. In our empirical analyses, we first use proxies separately as our measure of individualism in the regressions. Second, we create a composite indicator for individualism by using the principal component analysis (PCA). We use two different methods for polychoric PCA.ResultsIn four of our individualism proxies, we find that individualism is positively and significantly associated with working hours. Our PCA results also show that survey participants with higher individualistic attitudes tend to work longer hours.ConclusionWe find robust empirical evidence that people who place greater emphasis on individualistic values have a tendency to work longer. The results show that individuals who give more importance to money, expensive things, success, recognition of achievements, showing abilities and being admired, and freedom on his/her decisions are inclined to work longer hours.

Institutional Anomie Theory and Country-Level Public Corruption

Public-sector corruption siphons trillions of dollars from the global economy and contributes to social instability. Institutional Anomie Theory, with its focus on the links between social institutions, individualistic and achievement-oriented cultural norms, and crime, offers a possible framework for understanding corruption. This possibility is contrasted with research indicating that individualistic values and free markets reduce corruption. Using twenty years of data from 83 countries, this study finds institutional imbalance toward the economy is associated with higher levels of corruption. The lowest levels of corruption are found in highly individualistic countries, though institutional imbalance had a strong positive effect on corruption in such countries. Conversely, corruption is high in collectivistic countries regardless of institutional imbalance. Findings underscore the importance of institutional and cultural configurations, and their interplay, for corruption. We discuss the implications of our study for Institutional Anomie Theory and directions for future research.

"I want to succeed for her, so I can assure a better future for her": Parenting in Bedouin society in Israel.

Bedouin society in Israel is characterized as a marginalized minority (Muslim) society struggling to maintain its uniqueness in a Western (Jewish) dominant society. In this unique qualitative study, we aimed to shed light on the distinctive characteristics of Bedouin parenting practices in the context of social change by exploring Bedouin parents' accounts of factors contributing to or hampering their parenthood. Ninety-nine parents (Mage = 33.25, SD = 4.89) were interviewed about their parenting and their perceptions of Bedouin society. Interviews were analyzed using a phenomenological approach. Parents' accounts indicated a tension between preserving traditions, social norms, and religious rules that offer cohesion, comfort, and security and embracing individualistic values and cultural changes to promote social mobility for future generations. Bedouin mothers were conflicted between seeking self-fulfillment and meeting societal expectations. Whereas some emphasized investing time and effort in parenting as a form of ensuring their children's success, others saw investing in themselves as a means to improve family mobility. The findings suggest the need to be mindful of cultural values that are important to parents (e.g., maintaining traditions) and of barriers to help-seeking (e.g., viewing secular ideas as threats to religiously based social structures) when working with parents from minority indigenous societies such as the Bedouin. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Fear of Happiness: Description, Causes and Prevention

Studies in mental health is to increase the positive emotions of the person and to reduce the negative emotions, beliefs and thoughts. Especially after positive psychology, many studies have been carried out to ensure that individuals have positive emotions. However, in recent studies, it has been determined that individuals avoid not only negative emotions but also positive emotions. Thus, you suppress your positive emotions because of fear of happiness. The individual's beliefs and cultural values also affect mental health. The person is afraid of being happy because of these beliefs and cultural values. Fear of happiness is the avoidance of happines. When people believe thet unhappiness will come immediately after happiness or that the environment will be harmed after being happy, fear of happiness occurs. Fear of happiness harms both the mental health and social relations. Morever, fear of happiness is associated with alexithymia, anxiety, stress, fear of compassion, antisocial, cognitive distortions related to relationships, panic disorder and especially depression. It is extremely important to know and define the fear of happiness for an effective treatment interventions. Fear of happiness rests in maladaptive schemas in early life, not meeting their needs warmly and sincerely in childhood, punishing them when they experience positive emotions, and growing up in a family with unhealthy family patterns. In this study, it is aimed to define fear of happiness, to determine the protective and risk factors, to determine the causative factors, to explain the related concepts, and so to raise awareness about fear of happiness.

Differences in Marital Satisfaction and Intention for Subsequent Childbirth by Latent Profile of Family Values among Parents with Young Children in Korea.

The focus is on family values, marital satisfaction, and the intention for subsequent childbirth. By classifying parents based on family values and examining marital satisfaction and the intention for subsequent childbirth within these groups, the study will provide insights into future childbirth trends and identify factors influencing the intention for subsequent childbirth among different groups. This study was conducted with parents of children aged 0 to 5 attending six daycare centers in Korea, using a questionnaire to gather responses regarding family values, intention for subsequent childbirth, and marital satisfaction. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the characteristics of the key variables, and latent profile analysis was conducted to classify latent groups based on family values. In the verification of differences, the three-step approach was used. First, the latent profile analysis revealed three groups: the 'neutral values group' with lower emphasis on gender roles compared to other group, the 'individualistic values group' with lower values on marriage and children but higher emphasis on gender roles, and the 'family-centered values group' characterized by higher levels of various sub-factors in overall family values. Second, comparing marital satisfaction and intention for subsequent childbirth among latent groups, the FCVG showed significantly higher levels than the TVG and the IVG. In their marriages, couples differed in the values they held regarding parenting, marriage, and children. Therefore, maintaining strong values in marriage and parenting and establishing a family serve as the foundation for realizing new selfhood through parenthood. Simultaneously, forming values within the new roles of being a spouse and a parent is crucial.

DAMPAK PERUBAHAN NILAI-NILAI HUKUM DALAM MASYARAKAT TRADISIONAL DAN MODERN

This study aims to determine the impact of changes in legal values ​​in traditional and modern societies. This type of research uses a legal research type. The approach methods used in this study are the Statute Approach, Conceptual Approach, and Case Approach with primary and secondary legal materials with perspective analysis techniques. (Peter Mahmud, 2008:93). The results of the study show that the transformation of values ​​from traditional to modern societies has a significant impact on social stability, family relationships, and social interactions. Traditional values ​​such as mutual cooperation and obedience to parents maintain harmony and solidarity, while the shift to individualistic values ​​in modern society tends to reduce community involvement and weaken family social support, so strategies are needed to support social and emotional well-being in modern society.

Next-generation lung cancer pathology: Development and validation of diagnostic and prognostic algorithms

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. In this study, we develop a clinically useful computational pathology platform for NSCLC that can be a foundation for multiple downstream applications and provide immediate value for patient care optimization and individualization. We train the primary multi-class tissue segmentation algorithm on a substantial, high-quality, manually annotated dataset of whole-slide images with lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinomas. We investigate two downstream applications. NSCLC subtyping algorithm is trained and validated using a large, multi-institutional (n= 6), multi-scanner (n= 5), international cohort of NSCLC cases (slides/patients 4,097/1,527). Moreover, we develop four AI-derived, fully explainable, quantitative, prognostic parameters (based on tertiary lymphoid structure and necrosis assessment) and validate them for different clinical endpoints. The computational platform enables the high-precision, quantitative analysis of H&E-stained slides. The developed prognostic parameters facilitate robust and independent risk stratification of patients with NSCLC.

Prediction of the individual response to treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusions and their long-term stability. A Case Report.

Abstract. Predicting the outcome of the treatment and its stability over time is an invaluable tool for the clinician when initiating therapy for correction of class III skeletal malocclusions. This work reports the predicted response to treatment of a 5-year-old female patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion and its long-term stability. The individual prediction cephalometric model of Baccetti and Franchi was applied in this case. As a result of the predictive equation, an in-dividual value of -0.958 was obtained (norm = -0.4065), which predicted a “very good response to treatment”. The Class III malocclusion and anterior crossbite were corrected, and the profile was harmonized with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and a facemask projecting the maxilla forward 12 mm, in addition to the mandible’s 9° total downward rotation. After 15 years and three months of com-pleting the treatment, the stability of the results was confirmed. In conclusion, the individual prediction cephalometric model used in this case report allowed us to accurately predict the results in facial, skeletal and dental changes and the long-term stability of the treatment of class III skeletal malocclusion.

Moral Intelligence –Theory and in Education

Morality and intelligence influence various aspects of human life and action. They contribute to a certain stabilisation of a young person's functioning in a given society. The development and technological progress that is taking place is conducive to the development of young people, the satisfaction of certain needs, but it cannot guarantee the possibility of shaping basic values such as freedom, justice or responsibility. Currently, material and individualistic values are increasingly promoted. References to moral ideals based on truth, honesty and love, on the other hand, are less frequent. These are important when making future choices or decisions. A particularly important task today, in the face of various threats, addictions and value crises, is to shape the moral intelligence of young people. It involves having strong ethical and moral convictions and acting in accordance with them. The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of moral intelligence, to provide a definition and a conception of the research issue under consideration on a psychological level. It also shows some conditions of its formation during childhood and adolescence. The considerations undertaken in the article show the importance of moral intelligence in developing appropriate social attitudes, behaviour, acquiring moral principles, teaching responsibility, sensitivity to the suffering of others in adolescents.

Value-consistent rehabilitation is associated with long-term psychological flexibility and quality of life after traumatic brain injury

ABSTRACT Meaningful steps have been taken toward using holistic approaches in outpatient rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury (TBI) (i.e., treating the whole individual); however, research and practice continue to disproportionately focus on adapting to physical and cognitive changes. Research suggests treatment focusing on individual values may be important for psychological adjustment after TBI. The current study sought to explore individual values across multiple life domains in those with TBI as well as what values outpatient rehabilitation was helpful for, and to examine discrepancies between these factors (i.e., value-consistent rehabilitation) in relation to important long-term treatment outcomes. 215 adults with a history of TBI who had participated in outpatient rehabilitation completed online surveys assessing how consistent outpatient rehabilitation was with individual values, psychological flexibility, and quality of life. The life domains with the greatest discrepancies between individual importance and rehabilitation helpfulness were spirituality, intimate relations, and family relations. Greater value-consistent rehabilitation was associated with higher levels of psychological flexibility and quality of life beyond demographics and injury characteristics. Our findings provide further support in favour of holistic, client-centred approaches that are facilitated by neurological rehabilitation programs.

End-to-End Statistical Model Checking for Parameterization and Stability Analysis of ODE Models

We propose a simulation-based technique for the parameterization and the stability analysis of parametric Ordinary Differential Equations. This technique is an adaptation of Statistical Model Checking, often used to verify the validity of biological models, to the setting of Ordinary Differential Equations systems. The aim of our technique is to estimate the probability of satisfying a given property under the variability of the parameter or initial condition of the ODE, with any metrics of choice. To do so, we discretize the values space and use statistical model checking to evaluate each individual value w.r.t. provided data. Contrary to other existing methods, we provide statistical guarantees regarding our results that take into account the unavoidable approximation errors introduced through the numerical integration of the ODE system performed while simulating. In order to show the potential of our technique, we present its application to two case studies taken from the literature, one relative to the growth of a jellyfish population, and the other concerning a well-known oscillator model.

Cultural values, parenting, and child adjustment in the United States.

We examined whether cultural values, conformity and parenting behaviours were related to child adjustment in middle childhood in the United States. White, Black and Latino mothers (n = 273), fathers (n = 182) and their children (n = 272) reported on parental individualism and collectivism, conformity values, parental warmth, monitoring, family obligation expectations, and child internalising and externalising behaviours. Mean differences, bivariate correlations and multiple regression analyses were performed on variables of interest. Collectivism in mothers and fathers was associated with family obligation expectations and parental warmth. Fathers with higher conformity values had higher expectations of children's family obligations. Child internalising and externalising behaviours were greater when Latino families subscribed to individualistic values. These results are discussed in the context of cultural values, protective and promotive factors of behaviour, and race/ethnicity in the United States.

Comparison between a Tail Clamp and Electrical Stimulation for Sevoflurane Minimum Anesthetic Concentration Determination in Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana).

This study aimed to compare the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in green iguanas using elec- trical stimulation and tail clamping as noxious stimuli. Seven adult green iguanas (Iguana iguana) weighing 580 to 1,300 g were enrolled. Each iguana was anesthetized twice after a 1-week washout period, with MAC being determined using a tail clamp (MACt) or electrical stimulation (MACe ) techniques. After sevoflurane mask induction and endotracheal intubation, the fraction of expired sevoflurane (Fe 'Sevo) was maintained at 3.1% for 15 min before noxious stimulation. In a bracketing design, the subsequent Fe'Sevo values were increased or decreased by 10% after positive or negative responses, respectively. Each targeted Fe 'Sevo was kept constant for 15 min before stimulation. In MACt, the noxious stimulus involved closing a Kelly hemostatic curved forceps to the first ratchet at the base of the tail. At the same site, in MACe, 2 30 × 0.8-mm hypodermic needles inserted 1 cm apart were connected to an electrical stimulator set to deliver 30 mA at 50 Hz at a 6.5-ms interval. The hemostat and the needles were repositioned 2 cm distally and on alternate tail sides at each stimulation round. Individual MAC was obtained when 2 consecutive crossover events occurred (a positive response preceding a negative response or vice versa), with the MAC of each group represented by the average of the individual MAC values. Median (interquartile range) values for the sevoflurane MAC did not differ significantly between groups (2.2 [2.2 to 2.8%] in MACe and 2.2 [1.8 to 3.5%] in MACt ; P = 0.812). Time to anesthesia induction, time to MAC measurement, heart rate (HR), end-tidal carbon dioxide (ET'CO2), and cloacal temperature were not different between groups. Both the tail-clamping and the electrical stimulation techniques yielded resembling sevoflurane MAC values in green iguanas, which makes the tail clamp a reliable alternative to electrical stimulation-based MAC research in this species.

Studying value orientations of adolescent students by the proverbs method

Introduction. Adolescence is characterized by qualitative changes in the value sphere that undergoes transformation into an autonomous and coordinated system. Value orientations of young people mutate faster and adjust to the altering socio-cultural conditions, thus reflecting the general trends of social value system transformation. Therefore it is important not only to study the content of adolescents’ value orientations but also to search for new methodological approaches to their investigation.Materials and Methods. The author's methodology "Value orientations in proverbs and sayings" is used. It is focused on identifying respondents’ inclination towards socially significant or egoistic values. The study was conducted on a sample of students aged 16-19; the total number of respondents was 387 people (146 boys, 241 girls).Results. Value orientations of adolescent students are largely formed and function as an individually configured system. The common vector of the value sphere in both boys and girls is directed to socially significant and socially approved values. This is especially clear with regard to "Study, work" and "Family, relatives" values reflecting the age-specific needs and interests of the surveyed. Still, there are significant differences in value orientations due to the gender of the respondents: young men are more inclined to the common cause values and their close circle (family, friends), whereas individualistic values, as well as those related to the external social and activity circle, are more attractive for girls. As for the general structure of value orientations, the categories "Money, wealth" and "Country, homeland" get mixed assessments.Discussion and Conclusions. We showed the productivity of the proverb method used to explore value orientations of adolescent students. The consistency of the results obtained with the data of psychological and sociological studies indicates that they not only register a certain stage of formation of young people’s value system but also reflect the complexity of value self-determination in modern society.