Extract Values Research Articles

Bringing labor back: Financialized inclusion and survival struggles in the periphery of the periphery

This article examines how financial platforms address the value realization crisis within contemporary capitalism in “the periphery of the periphery.” Drawing from Marxist political economy, particularly in the context of its interpretation in peripheral spaces, we empirically studied the introduction of a digital microcredit platform in the living and working space-time of informal workers in Brazil’s periphery. Expanding on the household financialization literature, we scrutinize how this organization extracts value directly from living labor. Through dialectical analysis, we investigate how informal workers fearfully adhere to microcredit while cultivating invisibility practices, constituting forms of resistance against the advance of the microcredit platform. These workers’ labor-life narratives illustrate how credit adherence, while alluring, poses a threat to transform their lives, not only by leading to indebtedness but also by exposing the survival practices that enable their precarious existence on the fringes of the system, which we term “survival struggles.” These struggles manifest in the blurred boundaries between the center and the periphery, as well as between production and reproduction, creating an intersection between the concepts of survival and boundary struggles.

Mobile Robot Vision Image Feature Recognition Method Based on Machine Vision

In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of mobile robot visual image feature recognition, a mobile robot visual image feature recognition method based on machine vision is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the development of mobile robot vision is analyzed, and the specific functions of robot visual feature recognition method are designed; Then, the Fourier series method is used to collect the mobile robot visual image, and the matrix associated with the autocorrelation function is calculated according to the Harris algorithm to complete the edge feature extraction of the mobile robot visual image; SIFT feature points of mobile robot visual image are classified, and mobile robot visual image feature recognition is realized through machine vision. The experimental results show that when the number of images is 600, the accuracy of image feature recognition and the loss value of image edge feature extraction of this method are 96.98% and 6.38%, respectively, and the number of iterations is 500. The time of visual image feature recognition of this method is only 3 minutes; The method has the lowest error mean and error variance under different noise conditions. This method can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of image feature recognition.

The Effect of Different Extraction Methods on Total Tannin Content of Methanol Extract of Simpur Air Leaves (Dillenia suffruticosa)

The use of metal mordants in fabric dyeing can harm the environment and health, so it is necessary to look for natural mordants that are more environmentally friendly. The utilization of Simpur Air leaves (Dillenia suffruticosa) as a biomordant is one of the efforts to produce a more environmentally friendly tannin mordant. D. suffruticosa has been reported to contain tannin compounds in all parts of the plant. However, scientific evidence of differences in the total tannin content of methanol extracts of D. suffruticosa leaves with various extraction methods have not been found so far. This study aims to determine the effect of different extraction methods on the yield value and total tannin content of methanol extracts of D.suffruticosa leaves using UV-Vis spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 755.8 nm with Folin Ciocalteau reagent. D. suffruticosa leaves are extracted by using three methods, namely maceration, soxhletation and reflux. Tannic acid is used as a comparator. The results show that the yield value of D. suffruticosa leaves extracted by maceration, soxhletation and reflux methods were 8.35%; 12.26%; and 25.24%, respectively. The total tannin content of methanol extract of D. suffruticosa leaves with maceration method is 0.15% ± 0.007; soxhletation is 0.18% ± 0.007 and reflux is 0.21% ± 0.016. Based on the results of the data analysis, the significance value <0.05 was obtained. It can be concluded that the extraction method affects the yield value and total tannin content of methanol extract of D. suffruticosa leaves.

The poverty of ethical AI: impact sourcing and AI supply chains

AbstractImpact sourcing is the practice of employing socio-economically disadvantaged individuals at business process outsourcing centres to reduce poverty and create secure jobs. One of the pioneers of impact sourcing is Sama, a training-data company that focuses on annotating data for artificial intelligence (AI) systems and claims to support an ethical AI supply chain through its business operations. Drawing on fieldwork undertaken at three of Sama’s East African delivery centres in Kenya and Uganda and follow-up online interviews, this article interrogates Sama’s claims regarding the benefits of its impact sourcing model. Our analysis reveals alarming accounts of low wages, insecure work, a tightly disciplined labour management process, gender-based exploitation and harassment and a system designed to extract value from low-paid workers to produce profits for investors. We argue that competitive market-based dynamics generate a powerful force that pushes such companies towards limiting the actual social impact of their business model in favour of ensuring higher profit margins. This force can be resisted, but only through countervailing measures such as pressure from organised workers, civil society, or regulation. These findings have broad implications related to working conditions for low-wage data annotators across the sector and cast doubt on the ethical nature of AI products that rely on this form of AI data work.

Larvicidal activity of cloves as an alternative to chemical control in mosquito vectors in the Amazonia under laboratory conditions

Mosquito-borne diseases continue to be the main causes of death in many tropical countries. Among the infectious diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, malaria and dengue fever remain a major public health concern. Chemical control is the most widely used method for controlling and preventing mosquito-borne diseases. However, there are reports in the literature about resistance in populations due to the continuous use of chemical insecticides. In this sense, products of plant origin, such as plant extracts, essential oils and plant derivatives, have emerged as a promising alternative. In this study, bioassays were carried out to evaluate the activity of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of cloves (Syzigium aromaticum) in laboratory conditions against Anopheles darlingi and Aedes aegypti larvae. The bioassays carried out with An. darlingi showed CL50 values of 6.41 µg/mL for the methanolic extract and CL50 values of 5.65 µg/mL for the aqueous extract. Considering the bioassays with Ae. aegypti larvae (aqueous extract), the CL50 value was 78.81 µg/mL and the methanolic extract showed a CL50 value of 131.10 µg/mL. The larvicidal activity of the methanolic extract (CL50 131.10 µg/mL) against Ae. aegypti larvae was much lower than that obtained with An. darlingi. Comparing the two mosquito species, An. darlingi was more susceptible to the aqueous and methanolic extracts. However, when comparing the activity of the extracts against An. darlingi, it was found that the aqueous and methanolic extracts were active. With regard to Ae. aegypti larvae, they were more susceptible to the aqueous extract.

CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ETANOL EXTRACT OF BAJAKAH TAMPALA (UNCARIA LANOSA VAR. FERREA (BLUME) RIDSDALE) STEM ON BREAST CANCER CELL LINES MCF-7

Objective: This study aimed to determine the content of phytochemical screening and cytotoxic activity indicated by the IC50 value of the ethanol extract of bajakah tampala stem.
 Methods: Phytochemical screening for extract consists of saponins with distilled water, steroids and terpenoids were determined with the reagent glacial acetic acid and sulphuric acid, tannin using reagent 10%, FeCl3, alkaloids determined with reagents Mayer, flavonoids using reagent HCl, Mg powder, and phenolic with using 2%. FeCl3. The WST-8 procedures were used to investigate the cytotoxic activity of the MCF-7 breast cancer cell type.
 Results: Based on the results showed that the ethanol extract of bajakah tampala stem has secondary metabolite content, namely the presence of saponins, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolics. The results of the cytotoxic test of ethanol extract of bajakah tampala stem have cytotoxic activity with IC50 of 193.2 mg/ml, which is included in the moderately active category.
 Conclusion: In this study, the ethanol extract of bajakah tampala stem has secondary metabolite content and cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Początki przemysłu naftowego w Galicji przed okresem autonomii w świetle wybranych polskich tytułów prasowych

BEGINNINGS OF THE OIL INDUSTRY IN GALICIA BEFORE THE PERIOD OF AUTONOMY IN THE LIGHT OFSELECTED POLISH PRESS TITLESThe publication of newspapers and the extraction and use of crude oil were undoubtedly among the socio-economic areas that significantly affected the lives of people in the 19th century. At the time, newspapers and journals played the role of the most important and popular sources of information about crude oil and its products, especially kerosene, and they shaped their readers’ worldviews on those products’ uses in the economy and everyday life. This paper presents the beginning of the oil industry in Austrian Galicia in pre-autonomy Galicia in the Polish news press (Czas, Gazeta Narodowa, Gazeta Lwowska) and economic magazines (Gazeta Przemysłowa, Korespondent Handlowy, Przemysłowy i Rolniczy, Tygodnik Rolniczo-Przemysłowy). The first mentions in the press on the subject appeared in the 1850s. In the 1860s, oil-related subjects were broadly represented in daily newspapers and in the economic press. In agricultural journals, especially in the Prussian and Russian partitions, oil-related subjects were not present in titles from the 1850s and 60s. The first group of texts consisted of articles about crude oil (chemical properties) and regions which were rich in petroleum. In areas where it was present, crude oil had been known and used for a long time, but to the readership of newspapers and journals it was a new resource. It is no wonder then that the press was explaining what it was and what its uses were. The press did not focus on Galicia’s deposits of crude oil, earthwax and natural gas, but did print detailed information on their sources around the world, especially in the United States (the names of oil fields, the volume and monetary value of extraction and export to Europe). The press saw the American mass production and sale of oil to Europe as the greatest threat to the Galician industry. The press documented the economic situation of the Galician oil industry (petroleum mining, oil refinery, business people) and speculated on its future position in Galicia’s economic system. It speculated that the oil industry would become an important branch of the economy. When writing about the oil industry, the press reported on the first mines (Bóbrka, Borysław), entrepreneurs, the presence of oil products on agricultural and industrial expositions organised in Kraków, Rzeszów and Jasło. Another subject discussed by the press was articles on the trade of paraffin oil. The development of the Galician oil industry had also become a pretext to debate on its role in everyday life. In the opinion of the press, oil lamps would be used as street lighting and at home illuminating the whole room. These newspaper advertisements showed new products connected with the oil industry such as different kinds of paraffin oil and oil lamps.

Infrastructural clashes: Induced scarcity and governing refugees through depletion

This paper deals with the repeated infrastructural breakdowns in Greek refugee camps. It introduces the concept of “infrastructural clashes” to highlight the apparent clash between, on the one hand, high-tech control systems and, on the other, the failures and scarcity of basic infrastructures in camps - such as electricity, running water and food. It argues that infrastructural clashes are not side-effects but, rather, constitutive components of modes of governing by debilitating refugees. The article starts by developing the concept of infrastructural clashes, grounding it in the literature on camp geographies and migration infrastructures. It moves on by exploring the nexus between infrastructural clashes and politics of induced scarcity in Greece, illustrating how this depletes refugees and extracts value from their vitality. It contends that they enhance carcerality beyond detention. The last section engages with refugees’ mobilisations against induced scarcity: their claims foreground that infrastructural clashes enhance protracted dependency. The depletion strengthened through infrastructural clashes shows that refugees are not only obstructed in their mobility but also in their attempt to re-build their lives and to engage in autonomous social reproduction activities.

Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Antioxidant Activities of Maize and Clover Pollen Grains Extracts: A Comparative Study with Phytochemical Characterizations.

The failure to treat infectious diseases due to the continual emergence of drug-resistant microbes poses a huge and serious challenge for human health globally. Currently, the discovery and development of natural therapeutic compounds are attracting considerable attention from researchers worldwide. In this project, two types of pollen grains (maize and clover) were evaluated for potential antimicrobial activities. Extracts of both pollen grains were purified using HPLC, which has been shown to have numerous phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Pyro catechol and methyl gallate were detected in high concentrations (1145.56 and 1056.57 µg/mL, respectively) in the maize extract, while caffeic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol (464.73, 393.05, and 390.93 µg/mL, respectively) were among the compounds observed at high concentrations in the clover pollen grains extract. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Candida albicans were more sensitive to the clover pollen grains extract with inhibition zones of 22 ± 0.2, 18 ± 0.1, 29 ± 0.3, and 42 ± 0.4 mm compared to the size of the inhibitory zones caused by the maize pollen grains extract (19 ± 0.3, 15 ± 0.4, 27 ± 0.1, and 22 ± 0.4 mm, respectively). Moreover, lower MIC values for the clover pollen grains extract were recorded against C. albicans (1.97 ± 0.04 µg/mL), S. aureus (62.5 ± 1.00 µg/mL), and E. coli (62.5 ± 0.07 µg/mL) than the MICs caused by the maize pollen grains extract. The use of a transmission electron microscope revealed that the E. coli that had been treated with the clover pollen grains extract showed changes in its cell walls compared to that treated with the maize pollen grains extract. The clover pollen grains extract exhibited a stronger antioxidant potential, with an IC50 value of 22.18 µg/mL, compared to an IC50 value of 54.85 µg/mL for the maize pollen grains extract, via a DPPH scavenging assay. Regarding anticancer activity, the maize pollen grains extract was revealed to be more effective in terms of inhibiting the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116, with an IC50 value of 67.02 ± 1.37 µg/mL, compared with the observed toxicity caused by the clover extract, with an IC50 value of 75.03 ± 1.02 µg/mL. Overall, the clover pollen grains extract demonstrated potent antibacterial and antioxidant activities, but not anticancer activity, when compared to the maize grains extract. Thus, the current findings related to both types of pollen grains (clover and maize) highlight their potential therapeutic applications for the treatment of certain infectious diseases and malignancies.

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. using response surface methodology and development of a green analytical method

In this study, ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) were used to investigate the extraction of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and glabridin (GD) simultaneously from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and a green HPLC analytical approach for determining GA and GD was developed. Extraction pocess were optimizing by Response surface methodology (RSM) utilizing Box-Behnken design (BBD). According to the consequences, the ideal extraction situations were: 64% (v/v) ethanol concentration, 22 mL/g liquid-solid ratio, 51 °C and 31 min. Under these conditions, the yields of GA and GD were 2.806 ± 0.107% and 0.252 ± 0.026%, respectively, and the actual experimental extraction values were fundamentally the same as the anticipated values. Meanwhile, the effects of UAE, maceration (MAC) and heat-reflux extraction (HRE) on yeild were assessed, and the UAE possessed highest yields. A green HPLC approach was created to analyze GA and GD with combinations of ethanol and a 0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid mobile phase (following the gradient elution method). The method validated based on the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and the result indicated the method was precise, stable, reliable and valuable, could be used to analyze GA and GD from Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

Differentiation between Irradiated and Non-Irradiated Dates Using Color Intensity and Viscosity Value Method

New method has been applied recently in our Laboratories to distinguish between irradiated and non-irradiated dates. The method depends on the measurement of color intensity and viscosity values for dates sugar water extracts for five different stages of treatments. Doses of (0 .5, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.5 kGy) were applied. A considerable increase and decrease of irradiated and non-irradiated dates in color intensity and viscosity values were found between the stages; the results obtained showed that there is a significant increase and decrease in the values of irradiated dates Samples at stages 3, 4 and 5 as compared to non-irradiated Samples (control). At stage 3 the results showed a drop in color intensity of the solution sample from 8701 (control) to 1009 at dose of 1.00 kGy, the results also showed an increase in color intensity (Stage 4) from 2046 (control) to 2712 as the doses increased from 0.50 to 1.50 (kGy), while the results of the viscosity at stage 5 showed a significant increase from 5.605 (Control) to 7.914 as the doses increased from 0.50 to 1.50 (KGy).The method appears to be promising to discriminate irradiated from non-irradiated dates. Further developments are needed for this method to increase its accuracy and reliability in measuring the actual dose used in the treatment.

Modelling Polyphenol Extraction through Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction by Machine Learning in Olea europaea Leaves.

The study of the phenolic compounds present in olive leaves (Olea europaea) is of great interest due to their health benefits. In this research, different machine learning algorithms such as RF, SVM, and ANN, with temperature, time, and volume as input variables, were developed to model the extract yield and the total phenolic content (TPC) from experimental data reported in the literature. In terms of extract yield, the neural network-based ANNZ-L model presents the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) value in the validation phase (9.44 mg/g DL), which corresponds with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.7%. On the other hand, the best model to determine the TPC value was the neural network-based model ANNR, with an RMSE of 0.89 mg GAE/g DL in the validation phase (MAPE of 2.9%). Both models obtain, for the test phase, MAPE values of 4.9 and 3.5%, respectively. This affirms that ANN models would be good modelling tools to determine the extract yield and TPC value of the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process of olive leaves under different temperatures, times, and solvents.

Enhancement of propolis food preservation and functional ingredient characteristics by natural eutectic solvents extraction of phytochemicals

Due to the promising applications of propolis as a natural food preservative, functional ingredient or supplement, on one side, and the inherent toxicity and high volatility of organic solvents used for extraction of phenolics from propolis, a range of natural eutectic solvents (NESs) was evaluated for the extraction of phenolic compounds from poplar type propolis to create “green-labelled” food products. The phenolic profile of novel green propolis extracts was evaluated using high-performance thin-layer chromatography, while 16 phenolic compounds were quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry. Pinocembrin and chrysin were the most dominant phenolics with an average concentration of 3111 and 3039 mg/kg in lactic acid-based NES, respectively. Biological activity, such as antioxidative and antimicrobial activities, were determined using spectrophotometric and well diffusion methods. Considering all spectrophotometric assays lactic acid-based presented as the best extraction medium for phenolic extraction, with TPC, TFC and RSA values 150.0 mg GAE/g, 190.0 mg RUE/g, and 132.8 mg TE/g on average, respectively. From 38 studied NESs, choline-chloride:tartaric acid (1:1 n/n), glycerol:lactic acid (1:1 n/n) and glycine: lactic acid (1:3 n/n) were the most promising extraction medium for obtaining the propolis extracts enriched with bioactive compounds. Additionally, proposed green solvents were proved to be the designer solvents and showed potential to be tuned to target specific phenolic compounds. Improved, or at least maintained, biological activity of NES propolis extracts support its application in agriculture industry.

Antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort) extracts against Gram-positive bacteria and characterisation of its secondary metabolites

This study aimed to determine the secondary metabolite profiles and antibacterial activity of H. perforatum L extracts against Gram-positive clinical isolates. The plant materials (Sample A and Sample B) were macerated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol (MeOH). The antibacterial activitiy of plant extracts and routinely used antibiotics were tested against Gram-positive bacteria. The secondary metabolite profiles of Sample A were determined by LC-Q-TOF-MS. The MIC values for n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Sample A were lower than the susceptibility breakpoints of most broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g. vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid) in a certain proportion of Gram-positive bacteria. The n-hexane extract of Sample A showed good antibacterial activity with MICs lower than the susceptibility breakpoint of teicoplanin in 58% of coagulase-negative staphylococci. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Sample A had rich phloroglucinol constituents. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Sample A could be alternative antibacterial agents against Gram-positive bacteria.

Isolation and identification of flavonoids compounds and formulation of tecoma undulata (Sm.) seem. Herbal ointment

Every medicinal plant contains some therapeutically active compounds which are used as therapeutic agents in case of various diseases. Tecoma undulate (Sm.) seem was reported with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, it contains high flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The aim and Objective behind this research study is to carry out Preliminary Phytochemical evaluation of extracted fraction outcome undulata (Sm.) seem. and its formulation. Soxhlet and maceration methods were used for extraction, and then the extracts were analysed for their potential levels of several therapeutically active phytochemicals in a preliminary phytochemical evaluation. Hydroalcoholic extract of Tecoma undulata (Sm.) seem. was used to create a 5% and 10% w/w ointment, and testing of both was performed. The preliminary phytochemical investigation of extract that presence of some medicinally active phytochemicals such as Alkaloids, Flavonoids, etc. Tecoma undulata (Sm.) seem. Thin-layer chromatography was used to isolate and purify the extract before UV-Spectroscopy was used to analyse it. The functional group determined by IR spectrophotometry, interpretation of data showed that chloroform and Hydroalcoholic extract contain functional group like ketone, alcohol and carboxylic acid. Also, IR interpretation suggests that the plant contains flavone and flavanone as active flavonoids. The extractive values for Chloroform, Hydroalcoholic and Water extracts were found to be 7.2, 9.5 and 8.7 respectively and hydroalcoholic extract were used for formulation of ointment as an API. So as per presence of many active principles, Tecoma undulata (Sm.) seem. may contain good therapeutic efficacy and may be used for the treatment of many disorders. Since Tecoma undulata (Sm.) seem. Contains numerous active components, it shows potential as a therapeutic agent for a wide range of disorders.

UV-VIS AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPIC PROFILE OF GAMETOPHYTE AND SPOROPHYTE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ANEMIA SCHIMPERIANA C. PRESL SUBSP. WIGHTIANA (GARDNER) FRASER-JENK. AND CYATHEA GIGANTEA (WALL. EX. HOOK.) HOLTT.

In the present study, an attempt is made to reveal the functional groups and metabolites of gametophyte and sporophyte of two pteridophytes Anemia schimperiana C. Presl subsp. wightiana (Gardner) Fraser-Jenk. and Cyathea gigantea (Wall ex Hook.) Holtt using UV-Vis and FTIR analysis. For UV-Vis analysis, the ethanolic extracts of A. schimperiana subsp. wightiana and C. gigantea were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min and filtered using Whatman No. 1 filter paper. The ethanolic extracts were scanned and recorded using Shimadzu UV-Vis spectrophotometer at the absorbance of 200 to 1100 nm. For FTIR spectrometry about 1.0 mg of gametophyte and sporophyte ethanolic extracts of A. schimperiana subsp. wightiana and C. gigantea were separately made into very thin discs with potassium bromide and the pellets are measured in an automatic recording IR Spectrophotometer in the range of 4004000 cm1. Based on the observed peak values, the existence of alkaloids, phenolics, tannin and carotenoid existence were confirmed. Terpenoids, flavonoid and chlorophyll existence were also validated in different peak values of the ethanolic extracts of gametophytes and sporophytes of A. schimperiana subsp. wightiana and C. gigantea. The FTIR analysis results showed various functional groups viz., aromatic compounds, alkene, fluoro compounds, anhydride, aliphatic ether, alcohol, secondary amine presence in the gametophytes and sporophytes of A. schimperiana subsp. wightiana and C. gigantea. The gametophyte and sporophyte stages expressed the existence of different functional groups and displayed the variations and similarities between the studied stages. The spectroscopic results confirmed the secondary metabolites existence in the gametophytes and sporophytes of A. schimperiana subsp. wightiana and C. gigantea ethanolic extracts. Further chromatographic and separation studies may bring out stage-specific bioactive principles from the gametophytes and sporophytes of studied ferns.

Antibacterial Potency of Various Concentrations of Pineapple Peel Extract (Ananas comosus) against Enterococcus faecalis

Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly found in cases of failed root canal treatment. Irrigation material with antibacterial effects are important in supporting the success of root canal treatment. Pineapple peel as a natural ingredient is reported to contain compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and bromelain enzymes that have been proven antibacterial effects. Purpose: To determine antibacterial potency of pineapple peel extract (Ananas comosus) with concentrations of 1.56%, 3.125%, 6.25% and 12.5% against E. faecalis. Methods: In vitro quasi-laboratory experimental study with a post-test only control group design consisting of pineapple peel extract with concentrations of 1.56%, 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, and aquadest as negative control with repetition 6 times. The inhibition test was determined using the disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton Agar media. The MIC value can be determined using the broth dilution method and the MBC value can be determined using the solid dilution method. The inhibition zone diameter data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA test and Post Hoc Tukey test. Results: Pineapple peel extract with concentrations 12,5% had the largest mean inhibition zone, which is was 3.13 mm. The MIC and MBC values of pineapple peel extract were determined at a concentration of 6.25%. Conclusion: Pineapple peel extract (Ananas comosus) has antibacterial potency against Enterococcus faecalis.

Antioxidant activity study and GC-MS profiling of Camellia sinensis Linn

The antioxidant activity of tea leaves extract is a widely researched topic. Tea leaves, particularly those from the Camellia sinensis Linn plant, have garnered attention due to their potential health benefits attributed to their antioxidant properties. Antioxidants are compounds that can neutralize harmful free radicals in the body, which can damage cells and contribute to various health issues, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and aging. In this research, the matured tea leaves which has been considered as agricultural waste in Moulovibazar area of Bangladesh have been investigated as a potential source of antioxidant. Methanol was used as solvent for the extraction of antioxidant. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) scavenging free radical assay method was used to assess the antioxidant activity of the extracts and ascorbic acid was used as positive control. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis method was conducted on this extract to investigate the principal components. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of methanol extract and ascorbic acid were found to be 69.51 μg/mL and 10.70 μg/mL, respectively. Caffeine is the main compound (74.47%) among the eight bioactive compounds was identify and quantified by GC-MS.

Test The Effect of The Inhibitory Power and Minimum Killing Power of Clove Flower Oil (Syzigum aromaticum) with Water as a Solvent Against Staphylococcus aureus

Excessive use of antibiotics in treating infectious diseases has caused some bacteria to become resistant. Therefore, it is hoped that the use of natural ingredients such as cloves can be an alternative solution in reducing excessive use of antibiotics. This study aims to test the inhibitory effect and minimum killing power of clove flower oil (Aromatic syzygum) with water as a solvent against Staphylococcus aureus. In determining the inhibition zone, the diffusion disk method was used. Meanwhile, determining the Minimum Kill Ability (MKA) uses the liquid tube dilution method. The results showed that an increase in the concentration of clove flower extract was followed by an increase in the inhibition zone in the media with the isolate Staphylococcus aureus. Meanwhile, in measuring the Minimum Kill Ability, the results showed that the MKA value of clove leaf extract against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus smaller than 5%. This shows that only a 5% concentration of clove leaf extract is enough to inhibit growth Staphylococcus aureus. These findings indicate the potential of clove leaf extract as an antimicrobial agent for bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. So it is hoped that natural ingredients will be able to reduce excessive use of antibiotics.

Pengaruh Kombinasi Beberapa Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Pakcoy Pada Sistem Vertikultur

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a rice-producing plant that is one of the staple foods for the world's population, especially Indonesia. One of the factors causing a decrease in rice production is pests, the main pest of rice plants is the golden snail. The golden snail pest attack occurs on rice plant seedlings, namely in the vegetative phase. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving plant-based pesticides tuba root extract (Derris elliptica) on the mortality and pest intensity of the golden snail (Pomacea canaliculata L.) on rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) Inpari 32 variety. The method used was experimental ( trial) using a single factor Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 6 treatments with 5 replications so there were 30 experimental units. Treatment of D. elliptica tuba root extract concentration on rice (Oryza sativa L.) treatment A (Control), B (5g/L), C (7g/L), D (9g/L), E ( 11g/L), and F (13g/L). Tuba root extract at a concentration of 13 g/L is the best concentration which gives the highest mortality of 81.60% with the lowest attack intensity value of 29.84%. The LC50 value of the tuba root extract on the golden snail was 2.64g/L, the minimum value was 0.37g/L and the maximum was 4.164g/L. LT50 takes a minimum of 1 day and a maximum of 9 days with an average time of 6-5 days. The results of calculating the correlation between mortality and the intensity of golden snail attacks on tall rice plants are -0.60. Administration of tuba root extract of D. eliptica was effective against the mortality of the golden snail P. canaliculata and the intensity of the attack by the golden snail P. canaliculata on rice (Oryza sativa L.).