Average Delay Values Research Articles

Implementasi Lampu Peringatan Pada Perlintasan Tanpa Palang Pintu Kereta Api Berbasis Mikrokontroler

This research aims to make a warning light with a microcontroller base as a control system. With the aim of reducing the use of manual systems in general that are in use today. The advantage of this warning light control system is that it functions to reduce the number of accidents that occur and can be used for railroad crossings where there are still no latches that have not been installed on the railroad railroad crossing (wild road). The display of the work system that is made will be monitored using a web monitoring display that supports and is easy to understand. Even though it has some delay in the process, the planned system has run well based on the average delay value. The experimental results show the average delay measured in the system is 0.31 seconds before sending from the node and 0.49 seconds when there is a change in conditions, while when there is data transmission from the node. The measured packet loss on the system is 0% before transmission and fans and 8.88% when data is transmitted from the node.

Pengaruh Petugas Tidak Resmi Terhadap Lalu Lintas Pada Simpang Tiga Bersinyal di Jl. Kaliurang KM.8 Yogyakarta

The congestion at the PLN intersection Kaliurang street Km 8 is the reason of Unofficial Officers or so-called "Pak Ogah" act as traffic regulators or assist in the movement of driving from minor roads to major roads. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the impact of Unofficial Officers on the performance of intersections. The survey was conducted for 3 days which were volume survey, a survey of vehicle speed, driving behavior, and length of the queue. VISSIM modeling analysis results showed that using signals was better than existing conditions with a decrease in the average delay value of 18.44% and a decrease in the average queue length of 80.34%. Meanwhile, the condition of intersections with unofficial officers decreased by an average delay of 22.10% compared to existing conditions. However, the average queued length by unofficial officers increased by 22.54% compared to existing conditions. Although the results of delays with Unofficial Officers were better than other conditions, arrangements by unofficial officers had many conflicts, creating the risk of accidents at the intersection.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Motorized Level of Service Classification for Urban Uncontrolled Intersections

Service and total delay are considered for classifying MLOS and intersections, respectively. GPS is used to collect travel time and speed data for turning movements that are transformed into average delay values. Thirteen junctions from eight different cities in India form the dataset. Divisive followed by agglomerative clustering (DAC-HAC) algorithm is applied as a two-step process for obtaining the service and total delay ranges. Validation of clusters is performed based on the Davies-Bouldin score, Calinski-Harabasz index, and Silhouette gaps. Based on DAC-HAC, uncontrolled intersections are classified into six categories (Cat-I, II, III, IV, V, and VI). Results indicate MLOS classes “D”, “E” and “F” have significantly higher service delay ranges as compared to Highway capacity manual “control” delay ranges indicating mixed traffic conditions. Most of the uncontrolled intersections under mixed traffic fall under Cat-IV, V, and VI, having higher total delay ranges (> 60 s/ vehicle/ approach). Finally, validation of the clustering results is done for geometric and roadside environmental features.

Pengaruh Petugas Tidak Resmi terhadap Kinerja Simpang Tak Bersinyal pada Persimpangan Jalan Wahid Hasyim - Jalan Selokan Mataram, Yogyakarta

The traffic jam that occurred on Selokan Mataram Street specifically at the intersection of Selokan Mataran Street - Wahid Hasyim Street gave rise unofficial officers or commonly referred to as "Pak Ogah" who took over the police to regulate the traffic. Therefore this research aims to study how the influence of unofficial officers on the performance of the intersection at the Selokan Mataram Street - Wahid Hasyim Street (OB Intersection). The survey was conducted for 2 days which included vehicle volume surveys, vehicle speed surveys, queue length surveys and driving behavior surveys. The results of the VISSIM modeling analysis showed that one-way system management was more effective than unofficial officer with an average delay value of 75.58%. Meanwhile, the length of the queue has decreased and increased. Decrease in the value of the queue length occurred in the north and south by 43.54% and 37.22% and an increase in the west by 31.17%. However, the value of this increase was not as much as the condition of unofficial officers at 78.90% of the existing conditions.

Analisis Perbandingan Kualitas Layanan Sistem Antara Protokol HTTP dan MQTT Pada Monitoring Kelembaban Tanah

This paper discusses the comparison of service quality between HTTP protocol and MQTT protocol implemented using internet of things to research on soil moisture around plants, quality of service compared to delay, jitter, throughput and packet loss. In this study the results showed that the HTTP and MQTT protocols have an average delay value below 150 or 63 ms. HTTP has an average jitter value between 0 - 62 ms, while MQTT has a jitter range value of between 0 - 16 ms. Whereas the HTTP throughput value is 88 ms and the MQTT protocol is 68 ms. Then for packet loss parameters both have the same quality as it generates a packet loss value of 0%. In this study it can be concluded that the use of http protocols is the superior protocol of MQTT in terms of quality of service.

Classification of Uncontrolled Intersections Using Hierarchical Clustering

This research helps define motorized level of service (MLOS) for different categories of uncontrolled intersections using mixed hierarchical clustering technique. Service and total delay has been considered for classifying MLOS and intersections, respectively. GPS is used to collect travel time and speed data for turning movements which are transformed to average delay values. Thirteen intersections from eight different cities in India form the dataset. Divisive followed by agglomerative clustering (DAC-HAC) algorithm is applied as a two-step process for obtaining the service and total delay ranges. Validation of clusters is performed based on Davies–Bouldin score, Calinski–Harabasz index and Silhouette gaps. Based on DAC-HAC, uncontrolled intersections are classified into six categories (Cat-I, II, III, IV, V and VI). Results indicate MLOS classes “D”, “E” and “F” have significantly higher service delay ranges as compared to Highway Capacity Manual “control” delay ranges indicating mixed traffic conditions. Most of the uncontrolled intersections under mixed traffic fall under Cat-IV, V and VI having higher total delay ranges (greater than 60 s/vehicle/approach). Finally, validation of the clustering results is done for geometric and roadside environmental features.

Analysis Of WiFi Network Performance Using FDMI Method

This journal aims to analyze how optimal the performance of WiFI network services, the results can represent the average performance of Internet network services against changes in the value of Quality of Services (QoS) parameters when the highest traffic in the Hotspot Lab IT Laboratory area and Musamus Informatics Engineering Department to support developments in the digitalization era as part of the 4.0 Industrial revolution. Measurement data was got from the results of interviews, observations, and literature studies. Measurement data captured using Wireshark, Fixed Daily Measurement Interval (FDMI) method is the method used in the measurement. The QoS parameters used in the measurement are throughput, delay, and packet loss. Overall, the average value of throughput got is 0.99 MBps. The average value of delay is 124.05 ms is in the very good category according to TIPHON standards. The average value of packet loss is 0.05% with the very good category. The measurement results show that WiFi networks in the Hotspot IT Laboratory area and Musamus Informatics Engineering Department are reliable and meet user needs.

Monitoring of Soil Media Acidity Detection for Replanting

The development of the Indonesian agricultural sector until 2014 according to the Strategic Plan data of the Ministry of Agriculture for 2015–2019 is about 3.90% of the economic sector. One of the most important parameters for improvement efforts is soil. Soil quality on agricultural land is one important thing that needs special attention in its management. It is not easy to create ideal soil conditions for plants. For that, farmers need to know the variables that affect ideal conditions. The easiest way to find out the variable is to measure the pH and humidity of the soil conditions. Evaluation of soil fertility in chili plants is still done manually through visual observation. One of the factors that makes chili plants die before they bear fruit. In this research, a web monitoring system will be made on the planting medium of chilies based on soil acidity and soil moisture using sensors that can be monitored online. Data will be stored in the database and displayed on the web. The results obtained on the growing medium of chili plants produced soil suitable for chili plants, namely soil media sandy which has a moisture value of 7 to 8 and a pH value of 6.5-7.5. The average time needed to communicate between nodes to the website is 344 ms, which in the TIPHON standardization the average value of delay in sending data from the device to the website belongs to the 3rd index, which means that the process is of moderate quality.

Evaluation Al-Safeena and Sayed Jawda Intersections in Kerbala City

Increase of traffic volumes at intersections is one of the significant reasons that cause congestion. The current study aims to analyze, assess and improve traffic performance of (Al-Safeena roundabout) and (Sayed Jawda intersection) in Kerbala city. In order to implement these goals, data of the traffic volume and geometric layout for (Al-Safeena roundabout) and (Sayed Jawda intersection) are manually collected. To achieve the traffic analysis process, (SIDRA version 7) traffic program was used. Al-Safeena intersection improved by adding a new lane for each approach, this reduce the delay times, fuel consumption, and stops. This process will reduce ratio of volume to capacity (v/c) to value 0.7 and the delay rate value to 15.3 sec and LOS to C. On other hand, traffic operation at Sayed Jawda intersection is relatively enhanced by dividing the width of approach to four lanes, however, level of service is not upgraded satisfactorily. Change Sayed Jawda intersection to roundabout reduces the value of v/c to 0.8, and the value of average delay to 24 sec and LOS C.

DAMPAK PETUGAS PENGATUR LALU LINTAS TERHADAP KINERJA SIMPANG 4 TAK BERSINYAL JALAN AGRO-BOUGENVILE (LEMBAH UGM), YOGYAKARTA

The arrangement of peak traffic flow in unsignalized intersections usually carried out by illegal traffic wardens (PTR) and legal traffic wardens (PR).Additionally, t raffic management implemented by PTR and PR only during peak hours. This research was executed in4 unsignalized Intersection at Agro street – Bougenville stree t (Lembah UGM) , Sleman. The high traffic volume without the arrangement at the intersection caused traffic jam, so the performance level decreased. This study aimed to determine the impact of PTR and PR and find out alternative solutions at the intersection . The method s for obtaining primary data were by surveying traffic volume data, vehicle speed data, queue length data, driving behaviour s and geometry in the field. The data analysis in this study used VISSIM 9.0. The intersection condition without traffic management of wardenshad delay as much as 21 , 93 seconds with level of service (LOS) C. Intersections management with PTR produced a value of intersection delay was 30,02 seconds with level of service ( LOS ) D. Intersections management with PR produced a value of intersection delay was 29 , 20 seconds with level of service ( LOS ) D. This result showed that the performance of the intersections in all conditions were worse conditions. The alternative solution in this research was traffic signal with average delay value was 30,31 seconds with level of service ( LOS ) D. Hopefully, m anagement intersections with traffic signals could reduce accidents risk at intersections.

QoS Analysis Of Kinematic Effects For Bluetooth HC-05 And NRF24L01 Communication Modules On WBAN System

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) consists of a number of sensor nodes that are attached to the human body, and intended for monitor the human body condition. The WBAN system has several wireless communication modules that are used for sending or exchanging data between sensor nodes and gateway nodes or gateway nodes. There are some factors that are used to decide which communication modules should be implemented on WBAN system, including communication efficiency, distance range, power consumption, and the effect of mobility on QoS. In this study, we analyze the impact of the kinematic movement of sensor nodes on QoS parameter of HC-05 Bluetooth and NRF25L01 communication modules, during sending and receiving process among nodes. We assume that the sensor node and gateway node are attached on the limbs to catch the movement. We use Quality of Service (QoS) parameters such as delay, jitter, and packet loss, to analyze the impact of movement on communication modules. Based on the experimental result, it was found that the average value of delay and jitter for booth communication modules was slightly influenced by the speed of the sensor node movement. During the sensor node movement and data transmission, we found that the NRF24L01 module have a lower delay and jitter value than Bluetooth HC-05 module. The percentage of packet loss tends to be stable at 0% value, even though the speed value becomes higher.

PERANCANGAN JARINGAN BACKBONE MENGGUNAKAN ROUTING PROTOCOL EIGRP DI FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA KAMPUS JIMBARAN

The backbone network infrastructure plan is one part of the development of information technology in the area of the Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University. Protocol Routing can be used to support data transmission, information, communication, etc. in the teaching and learning process. In practice, this region still uses the static routing method. But the increasing use of networks is designed by the New Network. The results of this design will be simulated with Cisco Packet Tracer 7.1.1. This new network uses the EIGRP routing protocol and will display some data, namely Packet loss, Throughput, Delay, and Fault Tolerant. Based on the results of testing and analysis of packet loss, in the 21 scenarios tested the same value is 0%. From this experiment the average throughput value was obtained 28.460 bps. This experiment the average value of Delay obtained is 10,95ms. Of the three trials, the data obtained included a very good category and entered at index 4 in the TIPHON qualification. In the Fault Tolerant test it is known that EIGRP has the ability to anticipate failures that occur on the network by finding alternative routes when the shortest path is not possible to pass.

Development of design monitoring and electricity tokens top-up system in two-ways energy meters based on IoT (Internet of Things)

This study aims to develop a design of monitoring and electric token top up system of the two-way energy meter based on Internet of Things (IoT) which can be monitored in real-time using a low cost android application. The design of system was developed using ATMEGA1284P-AU as controller, Quectel M95 module to access internet protocol (IP), MODBUS RTU protocol through RS485 serial as a communication link between kWh meter and modem, and MQTT as the main communication protocol allowing the system to communicate with internet. The MQTT protocol was used to transmit data from the modem to the cloud server. After the development process, the system was then tested to find out the value of the delay between the appearance of the android application and LCD kWh meter. From a hundred times of experiment, the average value of delay, i.e. 1.81 s was resulted. By using the development of this system, it is expected to be an alternative solution for prepaid kWh meter users in managing electric top-up token automatically, practically and can be monitored remotely.

KINERJA KOORDINASI SIMPANG BERSINYAL JALAN RAJAWALI – JALAN GARUDA (SIMPANG I) JALAN RAJAWALI – JALAN TINGANG (SIMPANG II) KOTA PALANGKA RAYA

Ruas Jalan Rajawali merupakan ruas Jalan Kolektor dimana sepanjang jalan terdapat banyak Pertokoan, Sekolah, Puskesmas, Hotel dan Perumahan Penduduk. Pada ruas Jalan Rajawali terdapat 2 (dua) titik simpang bersinyal empat lengan dimana jarak antara kedua titik persimpangan yaitu 540 meter. Kedua simpang yang berdekatan yaitu Jalan Rajawali dan Jalan Garuda (simpang I) serta Jalan Rajawali dan Jalan Tingang (simpang II). Penelitian memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja Simpang I dan Simpang II pada kondisi eksisting dan memberikan pilihan solusi agar tingkat pelayanan kedua simpang bersinyal menjadi lebih baik. Pengambilan data primer dilakukan dengan obeservasi langsung dilapangan, komponen data yang diambil melalui observasi berupa volume lalu lintas simpang, Geometrik simpang, dan waktu siklus. Sedangkan dalam melakukan perhitungan untuk mengetahui kinerja pada Simpang I dan Simpang II dilakukan dengan pendekatan MKJI. Solusi yang diterapkan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan pada kedua kinerja simpang dengan cara merubah fase pada kedua simpang kemudian dilakukan koordinasi sinyal pada kedua simpang secara manual. Hasil kinerja pada kondisi eksisting jam puncak siang menunjukkan nilai tundaan tertinggi di simpang I sebesar 78,79 det/smp dengan tingkat pelayanan E, sedangkan pada simpang II nilai tundaan sebesar 47,71 detik dengan nilai Indeks Tingkat Pelayanan E untuk jam puncak siang. Setelah dilakukan Skenario koordinasi sinyal dengan menyamakan kedua fase yaitu 3 fase serta perubahan waktu siklus pada Simpang I selama 50 detik dan Simpang II selama 50 detik, diperoleh nilai tundaan rata–rata pada simpang I sebesar 27,38 det/smp dengan nilai pelayanan D untuk jam puncak siang dan simpang II sebesar 30,30 det/smp dengan nilai pelayanan D. Penerapan koordinasi sinyal antara Simpang I dan Simpang II telah memaksimalkan kinerja simpang serta tingkat pelayanan pada Simpang I dan Simpang II menjadi lebih baik.

Handover Analysis Of Data Services In Wireless Distribution System (Wds) Using IEEE 802.11ac Standards In Telecommunication Laboratory Polines

Problems with limited WLAN coverage areas often become a constraint when users access the Internet by migrating. This final project contains an analysis of the effect of handover on the quality of data service with Quality of Service (QoS) parameter that is throughput, delay, jitter and packet loss. The Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) 802.11ac networking system in the Telecommunication Laboratory of Semarang State Polytechnic area that supports the handover feature is built with the Wireless Distribution System (WDS) technique that is configured with Service Set Identifier (SSID), the same password and channel and the placement of Access Point (AP) with overlapping coverage areas in one roaming domain. The tool used is Wireshark obtained the results of the test that is the average throughput value on the download service of 12,94 Mbps, the upload service of 11,22 Mbps and video streaming service of 3,66 Mbps. The average value of delay in the download service is 0,99 ms, the upload service is 1,19 ms and the video streaming service is 3,07 ms. The average value of jitter on the download service is 0,36 ms, on the upload service of 0,35 ms and the video streaming service is 3,66 ms. The average value of packet loss on the download service is 2,57 %, the upload service is 5,08 % and the video streaming service is 7,03%

Kajian Kinerja Simpang Bersinyal Bundaran Kecil dan Simpang Tambun Bungai di Palangka Raya Kalimantan Tengah

Bundaran Kecil intersection is close to Tambun Bungai intersection, so vehicle must stop at each intersection because it gets red signal. To reduce delay and queue, signal coordination is required. Primary data include vehicle volume, geometric intersection and roundabout, signal timing, saturation flow, and travel time. Method used are Indonesian highway capacity manual (IHCM) 1997 and saturation flow approach method. From analysis, on roundabout, degree of saturation at weaving DA (R. T. A. Milono street - G. Obos street) reached 0.901. On signalized intersection, average delay value is > 60 sec/pcu (LOS F). Best scenario is 8th scenario with cycle time of 90 seconds and has LOS D. Based on coordination diagram obtained offset of 40 seconds and bandwidth of 13 seconds.

Adaptive Path Isolation for Elephant and Mice Flows by Exploiting Path Diversity in Datacenters

Resource competition and conflicts in datacenter networks (DCNs) are frequent and intense. They become inevitable when mixing elephant and mice flows on shared transmission paths, resulting in arbitration between throughput and latency and performance degradation. We propose a novel flow scheduling scheme, Freeway, that leverages on path diversity in the DCN topology to guarantee, simultaneously, mice flow completion within deadline and high network utilization. Freeway adaptively partitions the available paths into low latency and high throughput paths and provides different transmission services for each category. A M/G/1-based model is developed to theoretically obtain the highest value of average delay over the path that will guarantee for 99% of mice flows their completion time before the deadline. Based on this bound, Freeway proposes a dynamic path partitioning algorithm to adjust dynamically with varying traffic load the number of low latency and high throughput paths. While mice flows are transmitted over low latency paths using a simple equal cost multiple path (ECMP) scheduling, Freeway load balances elephant flows on different high-throughput paths. We evaluate Freeway in a series of simulation on a large scale topology and use real traces. Our evaluation results show that Freeway significantly reduces the mice flows completion time within deadlines, while achieving remarkable throughput compared with current schemes. It is remarkable that Freeway does not need any change of DCN switch fabrics or scheduling algorithms and can be deployed easily on any generic datacenter network with switches implementing VLANs and trunking.

Capacity and Operational Improvements of Metering Roundabouts in Spain

Roundabouts show great advantages due to their geometry and their priority system, both in terms of capacity and road safety, compared to other intersections. However, unbalanced flows may be a problem even at medium demand levels. One single approach may cause queues on the downstream approaches as drivers are not allowed to entry the roundabout. If that downstream approach has the highest flow demand, average delay is highly increased; so, the roundabout can be collapsed. This operational problem is derived from one of roundabouts fundamental properties: movements with greater traffic demand cannot be prioritized, unlike signalized intersections. A few solutions may be found, but the most cost-effective measure is traffic regulation by metering signals. The aim of the research is to analyze capacity improvements and operational performance on roundabouts with metering signals using traffic microsimulation, for Spain local conditions. Metering signals are based on creating gaps in the circulating stream in order to alleviate excessive delays on the main approach of the roundabout. Consequently, they are used only on heavy demand conditions during peak hours. On the metered approach, which causes problems for a main downstream approach (controlling approach), metering signals are implemented. The metered approach is stopped by red signals controlled by a queue detector on the controlling approach. So, the controlling approach is benefited by metering signals as drivers can easily enter the roundabout; and the roundabout overall traffic operation is improved. The research was conducted in 5 stages: roundabouts selection; field study; calibration and validation of a traffic microsimulation model in VISSIM; generation of multiple scenarios; and, analysis of the results. Two roundabouts with known unbalanced flow patterns on Valencia (Spain) were selected; traffic counts were carried out to describe their traffic flow patterns, which resulted on limited capacity at both locations. In order to quantify traffic operation improvement on metered roundabouts, a traffic microsimulation model in VISSIM was elaborated. The model was calibrated and validated using critical gaps, queues, delays, and speeds. Afterwards, a metering signal technique was implemented on VisVAP, based on an ad hoc signal control logic design. Almost 400 combinations of design and control metering signals parameters were required to obtain the optimal model (distances to yield line, red and green time settings) which presented the lowest average delay. It could be concluded that, for the same medium-high circulating flow, a higher demand would be able to enter the roundabout (of up to 80% from the controlled approach) with less average delay values (22% and 56% at each studied roundabout) by installing metering signals.

Simulated Traffic Conflicts

Recently, there has been growing interest in using microsimulation models to assess the safety of road facilities by analyzing vehicle trajectories and estimating conflict indicators. Using microsimulation models in safety studies can have several advantages, although concerns have been raised about the ability of these models to represent unsafe vehicle interactions and near misses realistically as well as their need for rigorous calibration. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between field-measured and simulated conflicts at an urban signalized intersection in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. Sixty hours of recorded traffic data were collected in 2 days and used in the conflict analysis. Automated video-based computer vision techniques were used to extract vehicle trajectories and identify conflicts on all four approaches to the intersection. Conflict measures (e.g., time to collision) and location were determined and compared with simulated conflicts from a microscopic simulation model (VISSIM) using the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM). A two-step calibration procedure was proposed to enhance correlation between simulated and field-measured conflicts. The first calibration step was matching actual field conditions (desired speed and arrival type) to ensure that VISSIM gives real average delay values. The second step was the use of sensitivity analysis followed by a genetic algorithm procedure to calibrate the VISSIM parameters that had the biggest effect on the simulated conflicts. Finally, conflict heat maps were provided to compare field-measured with simulated conflict locations. The results highlighted the importance of model calibration and identified several limitations of the SSAM.

Genetic Algorithms Based Traffic Signal Optimization at a Congested Intersection

The objective of this paper is to investigate genetic algorithms (GA) on traffic signal timing at a congested isolated intersection. The objective function for GA modeling was established on the strategy of minimizing average delay and GA was applied to search for the optimal signal timing. Then microsimulation is used to compare the optimized timings produced by the GA with those obtained for the same intersection using Synchro. Results indicated that applying GA results in lower values of average delay and average number of stops in congested condition than applying Synchro.