Values In Turkey Research Articles

A three-dimensional pelvimetric assessment on pelvic cavity of gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) by computed tomography.

The gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa), which are at the risk of extinction and are legally protected, have a cultural and aesthetic value in Turkey. It becomes incredibly important to increase their numbers in order to ensure their survival. In this context, it is required to examine thoroughly the pelvic cavity which contains reproductive organs and is used as the birth canal, as well. This study was conducted to determine the pelvimetric data of the gazelles by scanning their pelvic cavity via a multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and preparing three-dimensional models of the pelvic cavity. Twelve adult (6 females, 6 males) gazelle carcasses were used in the study. After the pelvic cavity was scanned using the MDCT device with 64 detectors at 80kV, 200mA, 639mGY and 0.625mm cross-section thickness, the MDCT images were obtained. The three-dimensional models of the images obtained using MIMICS 20.1 (The Materialise Group, Leuven, Belgium) program were prepared. Pelvimetric measurements of the pelvic cavity were taken using these models. It was determined based on the pelvimetric examinations that there was a significant difference between the female and male gazelles in terms of conjugate diameter, vertical diameter, intermediate traversal diameter, and cranial and medial transverse diameter data at p<.05. Also, there was a significant difference in their data related to caudal transverse diameter and ischial arch at p<.01. Consequently, it is thought that the use of pelvimetric values belonging to the pelvic cavity of gazelles would reveal the sexual dimorphism of the species and its differences with other species and would contribute to clinical sciences.

Agricultural Loan and Agricultural Production Value in Turkey

One of the major tools in agricultural finance is agricultural loans. Therefore, it is important to investigate the relationship between agricultural loans and agricultural production. In this study we aim to determine whether there is a causality relationship between the agricultural loan and agricultural production value. For this purpose we use the time series data for the years of 2005- 2018. In the study, we use Phillips-Perron unit root test to determine the stationarity levels of the variables examined. After we examine the stationary levels of time series, we perform Granger causality test to detect the causality relationship between agricultural loans and agricultural production. As a result of the Granger causality test, we determine that there is a unilateral causality relationship from the agricultural loan variable to the agricultural production value variable, that is, it can be said that agricultural loans affect the value of agricultural production. For this reason, we can state that facilitating the use of loans in the agricultural sector, and increasing the lending institutions will contribute to the increase of agricultural production value in meeting the input needs of the producers effectively.

Inglehart’ın Değer Dönüşüm Teorisi: Akademisyenler Üzerine Bir İnceleme

In today’s information age, countries interact closely with each other. Each country or society has its own values. However, there may be changes in the values of societies in time. In integrated societies with the changing conditions in working life and information communication technologies, there are differences in working values of the employees of each generation, in particular, it can be said that young generations differ in terms of protecting the values of older generations. In recent years, there is a widespread tendency to handle the transformations in the study values with the value conversion model of Inglehart. As a result external /materialist values such as “wages and occupational safety” have lost their importance in their work values; self-expression and autonomy, such as “internal / post-materialist” values gain importance and it is claimed that this transformation evolved from the elderly to the youth. In this study, as alleged by the Inglehart, value the work of young and older generations in Turkey has tried to determine whether a conversion. With these values, an empirical study was carried out on the academic staff of Mugla Sitki Kocman University based on the value transformation model of Inglehart. Through a questionnaire were reached total of 352 academic staff members. Based on Inglehart’s claim, according to the results of this research; significant differences couldn’t find between the younger and older generations values in Turkey. It has been concluded that individuals have postmaterialist views as their age progresses and they give more importance to internal study values.

Modelling monthly mean air temperature using artificial neural network, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and support vector regression methods: A case of study for Turkey

ABSTRACT The accurate modelling and prediction of air temperature values is an exceptionally important meteorological variable that affects in many areas. The present study is aimed at developing models for the prediction of monthly mean air temperature values in Turkey using ANN, ANFIS and SVMr methods. In developing the models, the monthly data derived from eight stations of the TSMS for the 1963–2015 period were used, including latitude, longitude, elevation, month, and minimum, maximum and mean air temperatures. The performances of the ANN, ANFIS and SVMr models were compared using R2, MSE, MAPE and RRMSE. In order to verify the differences between the predicted temperature values provided by the ANN, ANFIS and SVMr models and the observed temperature values derived from the stations, a t-test analysis was conducted, and the best ANN, ANFIS and SVMr models were determined according to the statistical performance values. These models were then used to make air temperature predictions for the cities. Manova was carried out to determine the effects of the differences temperature predictions and RRMSE values of the models. Generally, the statistical performance values of the ANFIS models were found to be slightly better than those of the ANN and SVMr models.

Three evils of citizenship education in Turkey: ethno-religious nationalism, statism and neoliberalism

ABSTRACT Relying on a theoretical frame developed in reference to an interdisciplinary research field, this article provides a critical analysis of Turkey’s citizenship education (CE) curriculum with a view to revealing discourses that inhibit the promotion of cosmopolitan values of human rights, democratic citizenship and diversity. The analysis demonstrates that a complementary set of ethno-religious, statist and neoliberal discourses undermines the cosmopolitan values. The inharmonious patchwork of these two sets of conflicting discourses raises the question of whether CE in Turkey really empowers students to support democracy. This question reveals the significance of developing a CE curriculum underpinned by a consistent set of socio-political values in Turkey and elsewhere.

Serological and molecular detection of Leek yellow stripe virus infecting onion (Allium cepa L.) and leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.) in Ankara, Turkey

Onion (Allium cepa L.) has a high economic value in Turkey and it is widely used as main ingredient in Turkish menus. During 2018, 25% of 1.930.695 tons onion production in Turkey was produced in Ankara province. Recently, virus-like symptoms had been observed on onion fields but so far there was no study on onion viral diseases in Ankara province. Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) mainly infects leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.) but also infects and potentially causes yield reduction on onion. In August 2018, 45 onion samples show typical viral infection symptoms such as leaf stripes, leaf malformation, yellowing, and dwarfing and six leek samples showing severe yellow leaf stripe were collected from fields in Ankara province. 6 onion and 2 leek samples were positive to LYSV infection in DAS-ELISA. Total nucleic acid was then extracted from samples to be used in RT-PCR using a pair of specific primer to amplify a fragment of LYSV CP region. 6 onion and 2 leek samples were also positive in the RT-PCR by forming specific bands of 1020 bp on agarose gel. The remaining samples did not produce any band on agarose gel, thus were evaluated as negative for LYSV infection. Phylogenetic analysis showed that LYSV Ankara isolates were most similar to isolates from Serbia, Argentina and Germany. This study confirmed LYSV infection in onion and leek for the first time in Ankara province, Turkey.

Determining of agricultural credit impact on agricultural production value in Turkey

ABSTRACT: Agriculture is an indispensable activity for all countries. Depending on the increasing population, food needs can be met by increasing agricultural production. In this respect, it is of great importance to investigate the value of agricultural production and the factors affecting agricultural production. This study aimed to examine the impact on the agricultural production value of agricultural bank credit in Turkey. In the study, with the aim of examining the relationship between agricultural credit and agricultural production value in Turkey, 1998-2016 real agricultural loans and agricultural real gross domestic product annual data covering the period given above were used. The statistical analysis tool is ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques. According to OLS regression, the purposed model explains 83.94% of total variance. Regression coefficients show that effect of term is higher than effect of agricultural credits. The reason for this difference may be explained as dependency of credits on macroeconomic indicators and political structure of the country. This study proposes that agricultural credit mechanism in the country needs to be developed to increase the financing opportunities for the realization of technology and modernization investments by farmers.

The Production, Price Change, Foreign Trade and Competition Power of Onions in Turkey

Bu çalışmada Türkiye sebzeciliğinde önemli bir yere sahip olan soğanın üretimi, fiyatındaki değişim, dış ticareti ve rekabet gücü incelenmiştir. Türkiye’de 2,10 milyon ton civarında soğan (yeşil ve kuru) üretilmektedir. 2017 verilerine göre Dünya kuru soğan üretiminin % 22.23’ü Türkiye’de üretilmiştir. Son yıllarda (2016) Türkiye’nin toplam soğan ihracatı ve ithalatı sırasıyla 105 ve 20 bin ton kadardır. Soğan fiyatlarının 2005-2017 döneminde yıldan yılla artan azalan bir seyir izlediği belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte 2005 yılı fiyatlarına göre 2018 yılında yeşil soğan fiyatları 2.37 kuru soğan fiyatları ise 2.61 katı artmıştır. Ayrıca Türkiye’nin soğanda rekabet gücü (karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğünün) 2012-2014 döneminde derecesi zayıf iken, 2015-2016 döneminde bir avantajının olmadığı (dezavantaj) tespit edilmiştir.

COMPARISON OF VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN KAZAKHSTAN AND TURKEY

This study was carried out to compare the value orientation of University students in Turkey and Kazakhstan. The sample group consists of 314 university students studying at various departments in the Faculty of Education, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, and 340 students at the Faculty of Philosophy and Political Sciences, Al Farabi Kazakh National University. The Personal Information Form and the Schwartz Value Scale were used as data collectiont ools in the study and the t-test was used for independent groups in the analysis of the data. One by one comparisons were made in 10 sub-dimensions of the scale, power, achievement, hedonism, stimulation, self-direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity, security, and significant differences were found in favor of Turkey in all dimensions on the basis of both countries. Respectively, the values in Turkey is based in order of universality, benevolence, security, self-control, traditional, success, power, harmony, hedonism, and the result of values in Kazakhstan is benevolence, universality, self-control, traditional, success, power, harmony and hedonism. Key words: values, value orientations, university students, kazakhstani students, turkish students.

The Impact of Intangible Assets and Sub-Components of Intangible Assets on Sustainable Growth and Firm Value: Evidence from Turkish Listed Firms

This study explores the effect of intangible assets and sub-components of intangible assets on sustainable growth and firm value in Turkey. The cumulative (i.e., aggregative) value of intangible assets of firms and sub-components of intangible assets were used as test variables in the current study. Further, intangible assets of the firms were divided into three sub-components using the classification of Corrado, Hulten and Sichel, namely computerized information and database, innovative property, and economic competence. Firms listed on Borsa İstanbul were analyzed to test the hypotheses. Two different measures of sustainable growth of firms and unique measure of firm value were used as dependent variables. The final sample includes 1353 observations for nine years between 2005–2013 in Turkey. Ordinary least square (OLS) and Heckman two-stage estimation procedures were employed to test the hypotheses. Estimation results of OLS and Heckman two-stage procedures show that the cumulative value of intangible assets affect the sustainable growth rates of firms and firm value positively. When the cumulative value of intangible assets was classified into three sub-components, both computerized information and database and economic competence impact the sustainable growth rates of firms and firm value.

Ideology and Values in Turkey's Foreign Policy

The article considers the role of ideology and values in the formation and implementation of the current foreign policy of the Republic of Turkey. Taking into account the increasing role of regional actors such as Turkey in international politics, studying their tactics and mechanisms of influence on the global political environment is necessary to explain the further transformation of the international system.The study reveals the strengthening role of the ideology and values in world politics in general and in individual states, such as Turkey, in particular. Under the rule of the Justice and Development Party headed by the current President R.T. Erdogan the country began a gradual transition from «Kemalism», which includes the preservation of secularism, ProWestern democratic values and a gradual departure from the Ottoman heritage, to a more conservative domestic and foreign policy, characterized by the strengthening of Islamist and nationalist sentiments, as well as the transition to the policy of «neo-Ottomanism», «neo-pan-Turkism». The return of the idea of «aggrandizement» of the country to the official political discourse has affected the conduct of Turkey's foreign policy towards both the regional states and the world arena as a whole.The Republic not only began self-restoration as an autonomous actor of international relations in the eyes of the key world powers, but also started to spread its own values and ideas among the population of both the Middle East and among the states which constitute a national interest for Turkey (Russia, the post-Soviet space, etc.), thus influencing them at various levels and involving them in its orbit of influence – both politically, economically and from a humanitarian point of view.Using «hard power» abroad no longer meets the current Turkey’s policy. Instead it relies on forging humanitarian ties, combining initiatives in the cultural, educational and scientific fields to achieve a long-term influence. The Republic of Turkey is trying to spread the following values among the world community:«Justice». International relations must be just and fair. For Turkey it means conformity with its national interests.«Religious fatalism».Government actions both at home and abroad are legitimized through references to religion and fate.«Democratic values».The Republic of Turkey considers itself the most democratic state in the world and contrasts itself with “Western democracies”, which, according to the Turkish leadership, are spreading hegemony rather than democracy.«State-centrism»and collectivism. The interests of the state, society, and especially the Muslim Ummah, are placed above the values of the individual.«Traditional values».Given the Islamization and conservatism of Turkish society as a whole, traditional values also begin to play a major role in the general political discourse of the state.«Culture».Turkey also makes adjustments to the concept of «culture» in very inclusive terms, presenting its culture as a «melting pot» that can turn anything into Turkish.«Respect».In the eastern tradition, it is customary to show respect to elders, as well as neighbors and guests. Turkey uses a demonstration of respect in foreign policy instrumentally and pragmatically. An example of this is the address of the President of Turkey in relation to the leaders of other states: Nursultan Nazarbayev – «aksakal» of the Turkic world, Vladimir Putin is a «dear friend».

Adaptation of the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and Determination of Its Normative Values in Turkey

Background/Aims: This study aimed to adapt the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and determine its normative values in Turkey. Methods: After translation and cultural adaptation processes, a population-based study was conducted between February and June 2016 in Ankara with individuals over the age of 55 years. Subjects with a previous diagnosis of dementia along with neuropsychiatric disorders that might affect cognition were excluded. Data analyses were performed to assess the association of sociodemographic variables with 3MS scores. Results: Two versions of the Turkish 3MS (for educated and minimally educated individuals) were developed. A total of 2,235 participants were included in the field study. After exclusion, the data on the final sample of 1,909 individuals were analyzed, where age, gender, and education accounted for variance in 3MS scores. Younger age and higher educational attainment were associated with better 3MS performance. Conclusions: A widely applicable dementia screening test was adapted to Turkish and its normative values were determined. The test will make it possible to evaluate the cognitive performance of both educated and minimally educated elderly individuals based on their age, gender, and educational level.

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL MANURE: BIOGAS POTENTIAL OF BURDUR, TURKEY

Sustainable development depends on the availability of energy resources and their impact on environment. Biogas is a carbon neutral renewable energy option and one of the leading solutions to the climate change combat. As Turkey is an energy importer country, using indigenous energy sources is vital to meet future energy demand. Agricultural activities and livestock potential have important economic value in Turkey. Biogas production from organic wastes such as livestock manure in this context, gain more importance to contribute both renewable energy production and waste management strategies. Livestock farming has high economic value in Burdur. In this regard, the animal manure based biogas potential, energy value, electricity and organic fertilizer generation capacity of Burdur Province is determined in this study. The results revealed that Burdur has annually 1.45 million tons of available animal manure potential to be used for biogas production of 27.1 million m3/year. This potential corresponds to 11641 TOE and 135.4 GWh annual energy generation that could be converted to heat and electricity. Considerable amount of the biogas production capacity has accumulated in Center, Bucak, Yesilova, Golhisar and Karamanli districts of Burdur. In addition, 50776.1 tons/year of organic fertilizer can be produced as the residual of the biogas plants.

The importance of the vocational training centers in providing labor to the furniture industry in Turkey

The furniture industry in Turkey has been expanding year by year. The amounts of exports have increased every year since 2001. Turkish businessmen have gained excellent experience in the steps of design, production, and sales. The value of Turkey’s exports of furniture was $2,200,000 at the end of 2015. Even so, the furniture industry has some important labor problems. Various educational institutions train students for furniture industry, e.g., industrial vocational schools, vocational training centers, and vocational high schools. But, adequate numbers of workers have not been provided to the furniture industry. In this study, we investigated the importance of the vocational training centers in providing workers for the furniture industry in Turkey. Some important data were collected concerning the students over the last five years. These data were used to analyze the labor situation in the furniture industry. The remarkable conclusion of the research is that the total number of students dropped by approximately 50 % from year 2010 to 2014. In this context, the furniture sector which already has staff shortage will likely go through tough times in finding qualified personnel in the future.

Do Macro-economic Crises Determine Accounting Value Relevance?

We investigate whether the value relevance of earnings and book values in Turkey significantly changed across periods of financial uncertainty. Our enquiry differs from the mainstream literature that posits a unidirectional association determined by the ‘quality’ of individual firm accounts towards price. We find divergence in accounting value relevance components across the 1997–2012 period. Dominant value relevance shifts from earnings and negative interest rates in hyper-inflation, to the balance sheet after IFRS in 2005. On the other hand, the global financial crisis (GFC) is associated with diminished accounting value relevance for all variables. Policy issues are raised about value relevance consistency, the use of negative (low) interest rates as fiscal policies and the asymmetric application of market based valuations in emerging economies.

Turkey’s unnatural selection: Darwin is the latest victim of an attack on scientific values in Turkey’s education system

Turkey’s unnatural selection: Darwin is the latest victim of an attack on scientific values in Turkey’s education system

Turkish Insulin Injection Technique Study: Population Characteristics of Turkish Patients with Diabetes Who Inject Insulin and Details of Their Injection Practices as Assessed by Survey Questionnaire.

IntroductionOver 7 million people in Turkey have diabetes. Of the 1 million who inject insulin little is known of their habits and injection techniques.MethodsWe conducted an Injection Technique Questionnaire (ITQ) survey throughout Turkey that involved 1376 patients from 56 centers. Turkish values were compared with those from 41 other countries participating in the ITQ, known here as Rest of World (ROW).ResultsThe majority (50.4%) of Turkish insulin users give four injections/ day as opposed to ROW, where only 30.9% do. The abdomen is the most common injection site used by Turkish patients, but they also inject insulin in multiple body sites more often than do patients in ROW. Body mass index values in Turkey were 0.75 units higher than those in ROW as was the mean total daily dose (average daily dose [ADD]) of insulin (54.0 IU in Turkey vs. 47.4 IU in ROW). Mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Turkey was 9.1%, which is higher than in ROW and possibly related to the higher BMI and ADD. Turkish patients use insulin analogs (short and long-acting) more frequently than do patients in ROW. The shortest pen needles (4 mm) are used by about one-third of patients in Turkey, but the longer ones (8 mm) are equally common. Needles are reused in Turkey at a rate of 3.4 injections/single needle. However, needle reuse, whether with pens or syringes, is lower in Turkey than ROW, as is the number of times a reused needle is used. More than 75% of used sharps in Turkey go into the rubbish, with nearly 6% having no protection of the tip.ConclusionThe continued use of 8-mm needles raises the risk of intramuscular injections in Turkish patients. Despite full reimbursement, needle reuse still remains an important issue. More focus needs to be given to dwell times under the skin, reconstitution of cloudy insulant, correct use of skin folds and safe disposal of sharps.FundingBD Diabetes Care.

The value relevance of banking sector multidimensional corporate sustainability performance

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate Turkish banks' multidimensional corporate sustainability performance and whether banks' sustainability efforts are value related. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis, namely content analysis, entropy based and TOPSIS techniques, have been utilized in order to measure the sustainability performance. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient has been employed to investigate the nexus between overall sustainability performance scores of the banks and market value during the years 2013 and 2015. The results of this study are insignificant in the ongoing debate on whether Turkish banks' sustainability efforts are value related. However, a significant and positive relationship has been found between the financial sustainability performance and the market value in the long run. Additionally, a multidimensional corporate sustainability model that has the five dimensions of economic, environmental, social, governance and financial disclosures has been proposed. This paper is among the first to explore the nexus between sustainability performance and market value in Turkey.

Valorization of spent coffee grounds recycling as a potential alternative fuel resource in Turkey: An experimental study

ABSTRACTIn this study, recycling of spent coffee grounds (SCG) as a potential feedstock for alternative fuel production and compounds of added value in Turkey was assessed. The average oil content was found (≈ 13% w/w). All samples (before and after extraction) were tested for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), calorific value, surface analysis and porosity, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and elemental analysis to assess their potential towards fuel properties. Elemental analysis indicated that carbon represents the highest percentages (49.59% and 46.42%, respectively), followed by nitrogen (16.7% and 15.5%), hydrogen (6.74% and 6.04%), and sulfur (0.851% and 0.561%). These results indicate that SCG can be utilized as compost, as it is rich in nitrogen. Properties of the extracted oil were examined, followed by biodiesel production. The quality of biodiesel was compared with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D6751 standards, and all the properties complied with standard specifications. The fatty acid compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography. It was observed that coffee waste methyl ester (CWME) is mainly composed of palmitic (35.8%) and arachidic (44.6%) acids, which are saturated fatty acids. The low degree of unsaturation provides an excellent oxidation stability (10.4 hr). CWME has also excellent cetane number, higher heating value, and iodine value with poor cold flow properties. The studies also investigated blending of biodiesel with Euro diesel and butanol. Following this, a remarkable improvement in cloud and pour points of biodiesel was obtained. Spent coffee grounds after oil extraction is an ideal material for garden fertilizer, feedstock for ethanol, biogas production, and as fuel pellets. The outcome of such research work produces valuable insights on the recycling importance of SCG in Turkey.Implications: Coffee is a huge industry, and coffee has been widely used due to its refreshing properties. This industry generates large quantities of waste. Therefore, recycling of spent coffee grounds for producing alternative fuels and compounds of added value is crucial. Elemental analysis indicated that coffee waste can be utilized as compost, as it is rich in nitrogen. Coffee waste after oil extraction is an ideal feedstock for ethanol and biogas production, garden fertilizer, and as fuel pellets. The low degree of unsaturation provides excellent oxidation stability. Its biodiesel has also excellent cetane number, higher heating value, and lower iodine value.

ULUSAL VE ULUSLARARASI ÖRGÜTLER TARAFINDAN DESTEKLENEN SURİYELİ GÖÇMENLER

In recent years, it is clear that the Turkey's foreign policy is majorly formalized by Middle Eastern countries. Especially, people who have emigrated from Syria to Turkey since 2011 and future of the Middle East lands is one of the most important issues of Turkey today. The likelihood of Syrian immigrants returning to their countries due to ongoing internal and external turmoil in Syria has weakened day by day and considering the numerical migration data, it is necessary to provide humanitarian, social, economic and political support for the Syrians. Today, Syrian immigrants who live outside the camps or in the villages are either begging or are begging with social benefits and they are trying to survive by facing many more risks. When looking at the global policy carried out on the subject of other nations argue whether or open doors not for Syrian citizens whereas Turkey is indeed a glimmer of hope for those citizens. This is the case of the ongoing war and mass migration movements as a result of “how Syrian citizens can transduce the social culture and values of Turkey?" question has been raised. In this adaptation process, local institutions, organizations, non-governmental organizations as well as international organizations have been searching for solutions to the problems of Syrian immigrants for who face many negativities and obstacles. Turkey's civil society as well as international aid organizations have supported through local organizations with many material and spiritual matters for Syrian people. These organizations may be working to stop Syrian citizens from spreading to European countries, to carry out their human rights studies, to be recognized internationally, to carry out research projects on Syrians, not but not least they may have many other known and unknown purposes in Turkey. The purpose of this study is to discuss the quality of the assistance to Syrian citizens, the aids of national institutions and the work of international organizations and a list of these organizations will be issued. Hence, we will try to form a general framework to the organizations that are working on this issue in our country. Furthermore, this study is also important to be aware of, follow up on and act as a guide to the relevant work on the international resources that are actively involved in the assistance to Syrians in our country.