UV Spectroscopic Methods Research Articles

Analytical Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Amlodipine Besylate and Indapamide by using UV VIS Spectrophotometry and RPHPLC in Bulk and Dosage Form

The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive UV spectroscopic and RP-HPLC method for the analysis of Amlodipine Besylate and Indapamide in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form by using the most commonly employed C-18 column with UV-detection. Acetonitrile: acetate buffer pH-5 (40: 60 % v/v) with 1.2 mL / min flow rate was selected as mobile phase.In the HPLC method, the conditions were optimized to obtain an adequate separation of components. Initially, various mobile phase compositions were tried to separate active ingredients. This method has been found to be better than previously reported methods, due to its wider range of linearity, use of readily available mobile phase, lack of extraction procedures. Hence thesemethodscould be used in quality control for routine analysis of finished products of amlodipine besylate and Indapamide simultaneously without any interference.

Kinetic aspects of bromination of a phthalate-type plasticizer

The main characteristics of a complex system of unsaturated plasticizer-bromine using the main "working components" - isomers of 2-ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexene phthalate are considered. It is taken into account that the phthalate-type ester plasticizer is a polar compound with a dipole moment at the level of dioctyl phthalate included in its composition. It has been shown that in the process of bromination, molecular bromine enters into physical interaction with all components of the plasticizer. Dosed introduction of bromine into the system at high stirring speeds leads to the formation of a homogeneous thermodynamically stable system, since the solubility parameters of the components are practically the same. Using a model mixture of bromine-dioctyl phthalate-dibutyl phthalate, it was shown that mixing bromine with plasticizers in any investigated ratios does not lead to the appearance of the boundary “bromine in a plasticizer” or “plasticizer in bromine”. This established the unlimited solubility of bromine in the plasticizer under the conditions of its bromination. Using the method of UV spectroscopy on model mixtures of acetic acid-bromine-water; acetic acid-bromine-hexane, it was proved that in a real system, unsaturated plasticizer-bromine, bromination is most likely carried out only with molecular bromine without the formation of bromine dimers. The mechanism of bromination of unsaturated phthalates included in the plasticizer is shown. A system of kinetic equations in dimensionless variables is proposed. It was found that the nature of the theoretical curves significantly depends on the rate of introduction of bromine with a constant reaction mechanism. A change in the limiting stages of the bromination process was noted depending on the rate of bromine introduction into the system.

Formulation and Evaluation of Cefaclor Extended-Release Tablet

Over past 30 years as the expanse and complication involved in marketing new drug entities have increased, with concomitant recognition of the therapeutic advantages of controlled drug delivery, greater attention has been focused on development of extended or controlled release drug delivery systems.
 In the present research work an attempt has been made to optimize, formulate and characterize extended-release tablet of Cefaclor. The preformulation studies were performed for the drug (e.g., physico-chemical properties, melting point, solubility etc.). The drug had shown the results under standard specifications. UV spectroscopic analytical method was also performed for quantitative determinations by plotting standard curve. Before this the pure drug was also scanned for the ƛ max value at different concentrations.
 The pre-compressions parameters and the post compression parameters for the nine formulated tablets were performed. The drug release study of the selected formulations EF3, EF6 and EF9 was performed as those formulations has shown the results within pharmacopoeia limits. The Formulation EF9 was then taken for release kinetic study as it has shown best results among the other three formulations. So, it confirms the drug release by Higuchi diffusion mechanism. From the results, conclusion can be drawn that the formulation consisting 10-12% concentration of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose K4-M with 1% microcrystalline cellulose and 25% of lactose are considered as ideal for the optimized extended-release tablet formulation for Cefaclor.
 Keywords: Extended release, Cefaclor, Higuchi diffusion mechanism, PBP, bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Etizolam and Propranolol Hydrochloride in bulk and Combined Dosage Forms by Simultaneous and Derivative Spectroscopic Methods

Accurate, simple, sensitive and rapid economic UV spectroscopic methods were developed for the estimation of Etizolam and Propranolol Hydrochloride in bulk and combined dosage form. The present study deals with the UV spectroscopic method development and validation for the Simultaneous Equation method and First Derivative method of Etizolam and Propranolol Hydrochloride in bulk and combined dosage form at determined wavelength of Etizolam and Propranolol Hydrochloride at 244nm and 288nm for Simultaneous Equation method and 234nm and 289nm for First Derivative Method. The linearity range for Etizolam and Propranolol Hydrochloride was 1-5µg/ml and 10-50µg/ml, and exhibit good correlation coefficient of Etizolam and Propranolol Hydrochloride was 0.9877 and 0.9977 for Simultaneous Equation method and 0.9872 and 0.9977 for First Derivative method, respectively and excellent mean recovery (98-102%). The precision was found to be within limit (%RSD <2). Comparatively First Derivative method is more sensitive than Simultaneous Equation method. The methods were validated statistically and parameters like linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and assay was studied according to ICH guidelines and can be applicable in determination of both drugs in routine quality control analysis of drugs in bulk and combined dosage form.

Analytical Method Development and Validation and Forced Degradation Stability-Indicating Studies of Favipiravir by RP-HPLC and UV in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Aims: To develop and validate a new, simple, rapid, precise, and accurate An Eco-friendly RP-HPLC and UV-Method Development and Validation for an estimation of Favipiravir in Bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form followed by Forced Degradation Studies.
 Study Design: This was employed for UV-visible (200-400 nm and 400-800 nm respectively) and RP-HPLC method development using C 18 inertsil column and optimization of variables for Favipiravir estimation in bulk and formulations.
 Place and Duration of the Study: The present work was carried out at Ali-allana College of Pharmacy, Akkalkuwa between the duration of November-2020 to February-2021.
 Methodology: UV-Spectroscopic method was developed for the estimation of Favipiravir in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The solvent selected for the Favipiravir UV analysis was water, the solution in a range of 2-10µg/ml was scanned in the UV region from 200-400 nm and the λmax value was determined. The RP-HPLC method was developed on inertsil ODS-3V C18 150 mm x 4.6mm x 5μ column using buffer pH 3.5: acetonitrile [90:10] as mobile phase at flow rate 1.0 ml/min and PDA detection at 358 nm.
 Results: The maximum absorbance was observed at 358 nm. The wavelength 358 nm was selected for further analysis of Favipiravir. The calibration curve was determined using drug concentrations ranging from 2-10 µg/ml. The % recovery for accuracy was 100.50-100.76%. The method was to be precise with a % RSD value 0.51-1.37 and 0.77-1.78 for intraday and Interday respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.0723 &0.219 µg/ml respectively by UV method. The RP-HPLC method was shown to be linear in the 50-250 μg/ml concentration range. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 2.186 & 6.626 μg/ml respectively. The method was to be precise with a % RSD value 0.25-1.53 and 0.86-1.68 for intraday and inter-day respectively.
 Conclusion: Here we conclude that the developed UV and RP-HPLC methods are precise, accurate, sensitive, and reproducible for the quantitative estimation of Favipiravir bulk and its formulation. The developed method can be used by the pharmaceutical industries for the routine analysis of Favipiravir, in particular by UV and RP-HPLC. The main features of the proposed method are economic and eco-friendly with less retention time around 5.0 min.

Novel NASICON-type Na3.6Y1.8-x(PO4)3:xDy3+ phosphor: Structure and luminescence

Single-phase Na3.6Y1.8-x(PO4)3:xDy3+ phosphors were synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction. Powder X-ray diffraction study reveals that a homogeneous solid solution with a NASICON-type structure is formed at 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4. Luminescence properties of the phosphors were studied using the methods of UV and VUV spectroscopy. Narrow emission bands originating from intraconfigurational transitions in Dy3+ were detected in the region 450–800 nm and optimal concentration of the dopant determined. The concentration quenching of Dy3+ emission is shown to be due to dipole-interaction. In addition, two broad bands were detected in the UV and blue spectral regions, which were tentatively ascribed to the intrinsic emission of self-trapped excitons and defect-related centers, respectively. Optical bandgap energy of Na3.6Y1.8(PO4)3 was estimated to Eg ∼ 7.1 eV. Influence of temperature on luminescence characteristics was studied.

UV Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation of Lignocaine Hydrochloride in Bulk and Semisolid Dosage Form

Objective: A new, simple, sensitive, precise and reproducible UV spectroscopic method was developed for the estimation of Lignocaine Hydrochloride in bulk and Semisolid Formulation. Methods: The UV spectrum of Lignocaine Hydrochloride in RO water showed λ max at 228.8nm. Beer’s law is valid in the concentration range of 20-100µg/ml. This method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and robustness. Results: The method has demonstrated excellent linearity over the range of 20-100µg/ml with regression equation y = 0.0097x + 0.023 and regression correlation coefficient r2= 0.9992. Moreover, the method was found to be highly sensitive with LOD (3.55μg/ml) and LOQ (10.75μg/ml). Conclusion: Depending on results the given method can be successfully applied for assay of Lignocaine Hydrochloride in Semisolid formulation.

Simultaneous estimation of pioglitazone, glimepiride & metformin hydrochloride in bulk & tablet dosage form by UV, RP-HPLC method

A stability-indicating UV spectroscopic and high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method is developed for the quantification ofPioglitazone, Glimepiride & Metformin Hydrochloride drug substances. UV spectroscopic method was developed and validated, the wavelength selected for simultaneous estimation were 226nm for pioglitazone, 229nm for glimepiride and 232nm for metformin hydrochloride. The isosbestic point found for the analysis was 229nm. Selected mobile phase was a combination of methanol and water with a ratio of 70% Methanol and 30 % HPLC water with the flow rate of 0.85ml/min. The analyte was analysed on the C18 HPLC column having the pore size of 5 microns at room temperature. The method is validated according to ICH guidelines, the retention time of about 4.0min for metformin, 5.5min for Pioglitazone and 6.8min for Glimepiride was observed. The linearity range with regression co-efficient for Pioglitazone, Glimepiride & Metformin Hydrochloride is 3-15 μg/mL,0.4-1.2 μg/mL and 100-500 μg/mL and 0.9998, 0.9991, 0.9991 respectively.

The Cosmetic Potential of The Medicinal Halophyte Tamarix Gallica L. (Tamaricaceae) Growing in The Eastern Part of Algeria: Photoprotective and Antioxidant Activities.

Currently, the use of ingredients from natural sources has gained great attention in the cosmetic field, especially for the development of new photoprotective formulations. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the cosmetic potential of the crude methanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of the medicinal halophyte Tamarix gallica L. (Tg) growing in the area of Tebessa in the eastern part of Algeria, by assessing their phenolic and flavonoid contents, photoprotective and antioxidant activities. The research approach consisted of determining phenolic and flavonoid contents of aerial parts via Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity was measured through two in vitro methods, DPPH radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity test (TAC). The in vitro photoprotective effect was evaluated according to the parameter SPF (Sun Protection Factor) by using the UV spectroscopic method in the UV-B region (290-320 nm). The methanol extract (Tg-MeOH) and ethyl acetate (Tg-EtOAc) fraction showed good antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 14.05±0.66, 27.58±1.98 μg/mL respectively in the DPPH test. Furthermore, both extracts displayed strong total antioxidant capacity (287.01±7.85, 246.7±1.12 mg AAE/g, respectively) in the TAC test. Both extracts exhibited high photoprotective activity, with sun protection factor (SPF) values 37.03±0.22 and 36.08±0.03. The antioxidant and photoprotective activities of these extracts were probably related to polyphenols content (190.27±0.74 mg AGE /g and 121.77±1.29 mg AGE /g, respectively) and flavonoids (78.75±0.06 mg QE /g and 58.67±1.19mg/g). Our findings show that extracts of Tamarix gallica L. could be a promising source to be mixed as a natural sunscreen and antioxidant agents into photoprotective cosmetic formulations.

UV Spectrophotometric Analysis and Validation of Dapsone in Semisolid Dosage Form

Objectives: A new, economical, sensitive, simple, rapid UV spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Dapsone in pure form and Semisolid Dosage form. Method: This UV method was developed using methanol: RO water (75:25) as a solvent. In the present method the wavelength selected for analysis was 260nm. UV-Visible double beam spectrophotometer (Systronic 2201) was used to carry out spectral analysis. The ICH guidelines were used to validate the method. Results: The method was validated for linearity, range, accuracy, precision, robustness, LOD and LOQ. Linearity was found in the range of 3-18µg/ml. Accuracy was performed by using recovery study. The amount of drug recovered was found to be in the range of 100.1-100.5 %. The %RSD value was found to be less than 2. Conclusion: The proposed UV spectroscopic method was found to be accurate, precise, stable, linear, specific, and simple for quantitative estimation of Dapsone in bulk and Semisolid dosage form. Hence the present UV spectroscopic method is suitable for routine assay of Dapsone in bulk and Semisolid dosage form.

An Eco-friendly RP-HPLC and UV-Method Development and Validation for an Estimation of Tolvaptan in Bulk and Tablet Dosage form Followed by Forced Degradation Studies

Aims: To develop and validate a new, simple, rapid, precise, and accurate An Eco-friendly RP-HPLC and UV-Method Development and Validation for an estimation of Tolvaptan in Bulk and Tablet dosage form followed by Forced Degradation Studies
 Place and Duration of the Study: The present work has been carried out at Ali-Allana College of Pharmacy, Akkalkuwa between November-2020 to April-2021.
 Methodology: The UV-Spectroscopic method was developed for the estimation of tolvaptan in bulk and tablet dosage form. The solvent selected for the tolvaptan UV analysis was 4% aq. SLS solution, the solution of 10µg/ml was scanned in UV region from 200-400 nm and the λmax value was determined. The RP-HPLC method was developed on Sunsil C18 150 mm x 4.6mm x 5μ column using acetonitrile: water [45:55] as mobile phase at flow rate 1.0 ml/min and UV detection at 266 nm.
 Results: The maximum absorbance was observed at 266 nm. The wavelength 266 nm was selected for further analysis of tolvaptan. The calibration curve was determined using drug concentrations ranging from 20-100 µgm/ml. The system suitability was performed by injecting a standard solution containing 200µg/ml of tolvaptan in six replicates. For two of them, the peak asymmetric were <1.5 and the theoretical plate number was >2000, and the %RSD of tolvaptan was less than 2.
 Conclusion: From the above results, it was concluded that the developed UV and RP-HPLC methods are precise and accurate and can be applied for the quantitative estimation of tolvaptan from bulk and tablet dosage forms. The method can be used for routine testing of tolvaptan by the pharmaceutical industry. Validation of the developed method was done as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q2R1 guidelines.

Analytical method development and validation for Estimation of Calcium Dobesilate and Docusate Sodium in Pharmaceutical dosage form with QbD approach

Analytical method development and validation for estimation of Calcium Dobesilate and Docusate Sodium in Pharmaceutical dosage form with QbD approach. Combination of Calcium Dobesilate and Docusate Sodium helps for the treatment of Haemorrhoid. There is no any UV spectroscopy method of this combination due to less absorbance of the Docusate Sodium in various solvent. A specific, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for estimation of Calcium Dobesilate and Docusate Sodium in Capsule dosage form. Apply QbD approach by using statistical tool Design of experiment with Box-Behnken design for the optimization of the screening method of RP-HPLC method. Calcium Dobesilate and Docusate Sodium were estimated on Thermoscientificsyncronis C18 (250mm X 4.6mm), 5μm column using Acetonitrile: 0.01M Tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen phosphate pH-4.8(66:34, v/v) as mobile phase with flow rate 1.0 ml/min and detection was carried out at 214 nm. The retention time of Calcium Dobesilate and Docusate Sodium were found to be 2.943 min and 4.190 min respectively. The linearity and range was found to be 50-450 μg/mL for Calcium Dobesilate and 10-90μg/mL for Docusate Sodium. % RSD of precision was found to be less than 2%. %RSD for Robustness parameters was found to be less than 2%. % Recovery of Calcium Dobesilate and Docusate Sodium at different levels were found in the range of 99.451% - 100.082% and 98.071% - 101.187% respectively. So, the developed method was precise, robust and accurate. The assay value for Calcium Dobesilate and Docusate Sodium was found to be 99.772% - 99.874% and 98.159% - 98.736% respectively.

Development and Validation of UV Spectroscopy Method for the Estimation of Dolutegravir in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

UV spectroscopic method was developed for the estimation of Dolutegravir in bulk and Formulation.The UV spectrum of Dolutegravir in methanol and water mixture showed λ max at 254nm. Beer’s law is valid in the concentration range of 10-50µg/ml. This method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ. The method has demonstrated excellent linearity over the range of 10-50µg/ml with regression equation y = 0.030x + 0.008 and regression correlation coefficient r2= 0.998. Moreover, the method was found to be highly sensitive with LOD (2.056μg/ml) and LOQ (6.230μg/ml). Depending on results the given method can be successfully applied for assay of Dolutegravir in formulation.

Method Development and Validation to Estimate Sofosbuvir in Marketed preparation by UV-Spectroscopy and HPLC along with force Degradation Study

Simple, swift, selective and accurate UV and HPLC methods were developed and validated for estimation of sofosbuvir in bulk and marketed preparation. In the UV spectroscopy method mobile phase used was methanol in 70:30 ratio with a detection wavelength of 260nm and the assay value obtained was 99.36%. The method was validated as stated by ICH in Q2 R1 guidelines in which linearity was detected from 06-30µg/ml range with regression value of 0.999. In the accuracy, precision and robustness studies RSD were below 2%. In HPLC method, Cosmosil C18 (250mm×4.6ID, Particle size: 5µ) column was utilized with methanol: water (70:30) as mobile phase, 0.9ml/min of flow rate, 260nm detection wavelength for estimation of sofosbuvir. Assay value obtained using this optimized parameters was 99.77% with the time of retention of around 4.3 minutes. HPLC method was also validated as stated by ICH in Q2 R1 guidelines in which linearity was noticed to be in the span of 10-50µg/ml with 0.999 of regression coefficient. LOD and LOQ values of the optimized method were 0.5764 and 1.7468µg/ml. In the accuracy, precision, robustness studies the value of RSD was under 2%. The optimized HPLC method was also utilized for the force degradation study, in which it was found that sofosbuvir is susceptible to oxidative, acid, alkaline, photolytic and thermal degradation. From this study it can be concluded that the developed methods can be employed in the routine analysis for sofosbuvir estimation in bulk and marketed preparation and also to determine degradation of drug.

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION AND VALIDATION OF CANAGLIFLOZIN AND METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IN BINARY MIXTURE

The purpose of the work was to establish a UV spectroscopic method for the simultaneous estimation of canagliflozin and metformin hydrochloride in a binary mix. This method involves interpretation of simultaneous equations based on measurement of absorbance at two wavelengths, 237 nm and 290 nm, using UV-visible spectrophotometer with 1cm matched quartz cells. Methanol solvent was employed in this method. The developed method obeyed Beer’s-Lambert’s law in the concentration range of 2-12 µg/mL, having correlation coefficient 0.9998 and 0.9994 for canagliflozin and metformin hydrochloride, respectively. Different validation parameters like accuracy, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantitation were examined and found to be within the limits. The results of the method were validated as per ICH guidelines. A novel, simple, sensitive, rapid, accurate and economical spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous estimation of canagliflozin and metformin HCl. The technique can be used to determine the amount of canagliflozin and metformin HCl in a mixture containing canagliflozin and metformin. The absorptivities of canagliflozin and metformin HCl are 0.0481 and 0.0921, respectively. Sandell’s sensitivity (mg/cm2 /0.001 absorbance unit) for canagliflozin and metformin HCl was found to be 0.025 and 0.02931, respectively.

Investigasi pengaruh pengenceran sampel madu pada proses klasifikasi madu menggunakan uv spectroscopy dan kemometrika

One form of honey adulteration is label adulteration for some premium honey such as uniflora honey from the honeybee species Trigona sp. One of the analytical methods that are currently developing and have the potential to perform the classification of premium honey in Indonesia is the UV spectroscopy method. In this study, an investigation was carried out on the effect of dilution on the performance of UV spectroscopy in the process of classifying Indonesian honey with different honeybees. A total of 4 types of honey samples with 10 samples each were used in this study. The honey sample was then diluted using distilled water. Each type of honey was given two dilution treatments, namely 1:20 (volume: volume) dilution of 5 samples and 1:40 (volume: volume) dilution of 5 samples. Spectral data were taken using a UV-visible spectrometer with a wavelength of 190-1100 nm (Genesys™ 10S UV-Vis, Thermo Scientific, USA) using the transmittance mode. The results of spectra analysis generally show that the sample with a 1:20 dilution has a higher absorbance intensity for both the original and modified spectra. The PCA results for each dilution showed that the honey samples could be separated into four different clusters for both 1:20 and 1:40 dilutions. The results of PCA analysis using all samples showed that the honey samples were classified into eight different clusters showing a significant effect of differences in honey sample dilution on the classification process of honey samples based on differences in the types of honeybees.

Starch Nanoparticles for Enhancement of Oral Bioavailability of a Newly Synthesized Thienopyrimidine Derivative with Anti-Proliferative Activity Against Pancreatic Cancer.

PurposeThis research aimed to improve water solubility and oral bioavailability of a newly synthesized thienopyrimidine derivative (TPD) with anti-pancreatic cancer activity by loading on starch nanoparticles (SNPs).MethodsTPD was synthesized, purified and its ADME behavior was predicted using Swiss ADME software. A UV spectroscopy method was developed and validated to measure TPD concentration at various dosage forms. SNPs loaded with TPD (SNPs-TPD) were prepared, characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), entrapment efficiency, in-vitro release, and in-vivo animal study.ResultsThe Swiss ADME results showed that TPD can be administered orally; however, it has low oral bioavailability (0.55) and poor water solubility. The significant regression coefficient of the calibration curve (r2 = 0.9995), the precision (%RSD < 0.5%) and the accuracy (99.46−101.72%) confirmed the efficacy of the developed UV method. SNPs-TPD had a spherical monodispersed (PDI= 0.12) shape, nanoparticle size (22.98 ± 4.23) and good stability (−21 ± 4.72 mV). Moreover, FT-IR and DSC revealed changes in the physicochemical structure of starch resulting in SNPs formation. The entrapment efficiency was 97% ± 0.45%, and the in-vitro release showed that the SNPs enhanced the solubility of the TPD. The in-vivo animal study and histopathology showed that SNPs enhanced the oral bioavailability of TPD against solid Ehrlich carcinoma.ConclusionSNPs-TPD were superior in drug solubility and oral bioavailability than those obtained from TPD suspension.

Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan Single-Layered and Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan/Eudragit RL100 Multi-layered Electrospun Nanofibers as an Ocular Matrix for the Controlled Release of Ofloxacin: an In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

A novel nanofiber insert was prepared with a modified electrospinning method to enhance the ocular residence time of ofloxacin (OFX) and to provide a sustained release pattern by covering hydrophilic polymers, chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) nanofibers, with a hydrophobic polymer, Eudragit RL100 in layers, and by glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking of CS-PVA nanofibers for the treatment of infectious conjunctivitis. The morphology of the prepared nanofibers was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The average fiber diameter was found to be 123 ± 23 nm for the single electrospun nanofiber with no cross-linking (OFX-O). The single nanofibers, cross-linked for 10 h with GA (OFX-OG), had an average fiber diameter of 159 ± 30 nm. The amount of OFX released from the nanofibers was measured in vitro and in vivo using UV spectroscopy and microbial assay methods against Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The antimicrobial efficiency of OFX formulated in cross-linked and non-cross-linked nanofibers was affirmed by observing the inhibition zones of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In vivo studies using the OFX nanofibrous inserts on a rabbit eye confirmed a sustained release pattern for up to 96 h. It was found that the cross-linking of the nanofibers by GA vapor could reduce the burst release of OFX from OFX-loaded CS/PVA in one layer and multi-layered nanofibers. In vivo results showed that the AUC0–96 for the nanofibers was 9–20-folds higher compared to the OFX solution. This study thus demonstrates the potential of the nanofiber technology is being utilized to sustained drug release in ocular drug delivery systems.

Quantification of Acetaminophen, Caffeine and Ibuprofen in Solid Dosage Forms by UV Spectroscopy coupled with Multivariate analysis

Quantification of acetaminophen, caffeine and ibuprofen in ternary mixtures was studied by using UV spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis [tri-linear regression-calibration (TLRC), classical least squares (CLS) and multi linear regression calibration (MLRC)]. To validate UV spectroscopic methods, the wavelength range of 215 – 290nm and a matrix (composed of 21 standard solutions containing acetaminophen 20-32.5mg/L, caffeine 1-3.5mg/L and ibuprofen 12-32mg/L) were selected. With the exception of TLRC, CLS and MLRS algorithms proved to be relevant for obtaining UV spectroscopic assay results and dissolution profile of acetaminophen, caffeine and ibuprofen in their combined capsules and tablets, with precision (RSD &lt; 3%) and accuracy (98.3 – 101.9% recovery). It is also suggested that these UV spectroscopic methods could replace UHPLC analysis in the routine quality control of these compounds in their solid pharmaceutical dosage forms (p &gt; 0.05).

Method Development and Validation of Evening Primrose oil and its Pharmaceutical dosage form by Simple UV- Spectrophotometric Method

In the present work, simple and sensitive UV spectroscopic method has been developed for the quantitative estimation of Evening Primrose Oil in efem capsule. Cyclohexane was used as solvent. In the range of 100-500μg/ml, the linearity of Evening Primrose Oil shows a correlation co-efficient of 0.999. The UV detection wavelength was 233nm. The percentage RSD for precision and accuracy of the method was found to be less than 2%(LOQ) of 23μg/ml and (LOD) of 7.5μg/ml. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. The method was successfully applied for routine analysis of Evening Primrose Oil and in formulation dosage form.