Utter Pradesh Research Articles

An observational study to assess the knowledge and attitude of medical students regarding hand washing

Background: Hand hygiene is a milestone in the field of infectious disease control. Promotion of improved hand hygiene has been recognized as an important public health measure. Therefore hand washing is being promoted in various ways. This study has been conducted to assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding hand hygiene practices amongst the medical students to identify areas of gaps in their knowledge, attitude and practices.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted among medical undergraduates of a private medical college in western Utter Pradesh. A pre tested questionnaire with multiple choice questions was used for collection of data.Results: A total of 246 MBBS students participated in the study out of which 50.4 % students were male and rest were female. 78.5% participants were belonging to the age group 19-21 years. Students have good knowledge of hand washing irrespective of their educational front.Conclusions: The results of our study are fairly good still a proper training program is required to generate awareness among the community. Maintenance of hand hygiene should be a part of our education system at primary level.

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Utilization Pattern of Kisan Credit Card (KCC) in Baghpat district of Uttar Pradesh

The Kisan Credit Card scheme introduced in the year 1998 with the objective of fulfillment of credit requirement of the farmers in hassle-free manner for raising agricultural production. There has been tremendous increase in number of Kisan Credit Cards in the rural areas during the last five years. Keeping the importance of KCC, the present study was an attempt to assess utility of KCC as perceived by the farmers. The present investigation was carried out in Baghpat district of Utter Pradesh state with a sample of 120 farmers. The study revealed that the utilization of Kisan Credit Card (KCC) by the respondents was observed as maximum in the aspect i.e. increase in agricultural produce followed by increase in income, crop production activities, utilization of credit for vegetable production and allied activities and duration of utilizing credit. it was also found that Utilization of KCC was considerable low in the respect of the components as utilization for crop insurance, change in cropping pattern and diversified farming. The study suggests that Contingent planning for adverse climatic condition should be communicated to farmers well in advance. With a view to enhance the adoption of improved crop production technologies among the farmer’s awareness and training programmes should be conducted in the regard.

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Isolation and Characterization of Microcystin Degrading Bacteria from Holy Ponds in India

Microcystins (MCs) are toxic cyclic heptapeptides produced by few toxic cyanobacteria and generally form blooms in eutrophic surface fresh water bodies. They cause acute to chronic poisoning and other health related problems mainly by irreversible inhibition of protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A) and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to limitation of non-biological methods of water treatments the exploration of MCs degrading bacteria is emerging at a quite pace to address, through bioremediation, the problems posed by MCs in water and water-bodies. Report and study of MCs biodegrading bacteria from India were lacking. However it was evident, from our previous study, that microcystin degradation can be achieved by indigenous microcystin degrading bacterial population in its natural place where microcystin producing blooms occur. This study has presented isolation and characterization of indigenous microcystin degrading bacteria from holy ponds in Utter Pradesh of India. Overall 20 bacterial isolates were isolated from Microcystis infested different ponds. Out of these 13 isolates were mlrA positive by PCR and were found to be distinct isolates by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). However, ARDRA analysis revealed overall four bacterial groups. On the basis of 16S-rRNA gene sequence the Gram-positive-rod isolate PM1 was identified, with 99% identity, as Bacillus licheniformis which was shown earlier to cluster with microcystin degrading bacterium B. subtilis. Thus the present study revealed, for the first time, probable microcystin degrading bacteria in water-bodies from India. The potential and the metabolic pathway of PM1 and other mlrA positive isolates need to be further studied and validated to confirm their application in microcystin bioremediation. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 436-447

Characterization of Gangatiri cattle breed inGangatic plains of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

The present research work for characterization of Gangatiri cattle was conducted on a herd maintained at Mirzapur district of Uttar Pardesh. This dual-purpose indigenous cattle breed is found mainly in Varanasi, Chandauli, Ghazipur and Ballia distric of eastern Utter Pradesh and adjacent areas of Bihar state of India., Medium sized dewlap, small brisket, sharp and smooth shoulder with medium legs was present in most of the animals. Medium sized bowl shaped udder with cylindrical shaped medium sized teats and prominent, crooked and branched milk veins were the other characteristic features of the herd. The overall least squares’ means for Ischium width of Rump (ISWR), Top line (TPL), Udder length (UL), Udder diameter (UD), Teat length (TtL), Udder circumference (UC), Distance between fore to fore (DFF) and rear to rear teats (DRR) were 20.79±0.57, 144.64±1.67, 26.17±1.21, 11.03±1.40, 5.33±0.31, 68.84±3.89, 6.03±0.50 and 4.93±0.21 cm, respectively.

Influence of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potash on growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) cv. Pusa Sawani

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash on growth and yield of okra. The experiment were carried out in randomized block design with three replication of twenty eight treatment combinations including three levels of nitrogen , three levels of phosphorus and three levels of potash. The study revealed that application of 85 kg/ha. Nitrogen phosphorus 60kg/ha and normal dose of potash 40kg/ha. produced significantly maximum plant height, days to 50% flowering, length and width of broad leaf , diameter of fruit and green fruit yield compared to 60 kg/ha, 35 kg/ha , phosphorus 40 kg/ha and 20 kg/ha and potash 60kg/ha and 20kg/ha.. The green fruit yield could be economical and profitable with application 85 kg/ha nitrogen 60 kg/ha phosphorus and normal dose of potash 40 kg/ha of okra in western Utter Pradesh condition.

Equipping India's community health worker supervisors with a mobile phone based supervisory application

Background: India has a network of over 825,000 women who serve as Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) in rural communities. Until recently this cadre of community health workers lacked a supportive supervision structure and system. A 2011 evaluation of the program identified incomplete training, limited management and monitoring structures as major barriers to optimizing ASHA's effectiveness in delivering services at community level. CRS India in 2012 piloted a mHealth application for project supported supervisors in Kaushambi district in India that provided real time information to guide supportive supervision of ASHAs. Methods & Materials: From September 2012 until September 2014, the supervisory application was implemented in one block of the district and data on supportive supervision and lessons learnt were shared with the government. In December 2013 Government of Utter Pradesh decided to roll out a new cadre of community health workers, ASHA Sangini's to provide supportive supervision to ASHAs. CRS worked closely with the government to develop a mobile phone based application designed as a tool to improve ASHAs performance. Results: Between September 2012 and September 2014, 16 quality parameters on engagement of ASHAs with clients have shown consistent improvement. The percentage of low coverage ASHAs has reduced from 55% to 15%, and average number of home visits during the antenatal period has almost doubled from 1.18 to 1.95. The application helps colleting functionality data on 10 key performance indicators which is used to provide structured feedback for improvement. Currently the application is helping 139 ASHA Sanginies to keep track of the performance of 2670 ASHAs. Conclusion: Technology can be used to strengthen supportive supervision by providing real-time data on ASHA performance that Sanginis use to provide individualized feedback and guidance for improvement. It seems to have potential for further scale up and replication.

Comparative Study of Organizational Climate among Physical Education Teachers of Different School Organizations

The purpose of the present study was to compare the Organizational climate among physical education teachers of Kendriya Vidyalaya, Government schools and Public schools of Utter Pradesh. For the purpose of the present study 300 Physical education teachers from different school organizations (100 Kendriya Vidyalayas, 100 Government schools and 100 Public schools) were selected randomly from Utter Pradesh. Keeping the feasibility criterion in mind, Organizational climate Variable was selected for the present study. It was assessed with the help School Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire developed by Dr. Motilal Sharma. To compare the Organizational Climate among Physical Education teachers of different school organizations of Utter Pradesh Descriptive statistics i.e. (Mean, standard deviation), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc (least significant difference) test was used and the level of significance was set at 0.05 level. The findings of the study showed significant difference in Organizational Climate of different school organizations. As the obtained F-ratio 34.160 was found statistically significant. After applying the post hoc (least significant difference) test it was observed that State Government schools’ Organizational Climate is statistically significantly lower than Kendriya Vidyalayas and Public schools. Whereas there is no statistically significant difference found between the Kendriya Vidyalayas and Public schools. Physical education teachers of Kendriya Vidyalaya and Public schools exhibits better climate as compare to Government schools of Uttar Pradesh.

Impact of Reservation in Panchayati Raj in Utter Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh

The present paper reports the impact of Reservation in Panchayati Raj in Utter Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. A study was carried out in 10 districts of Utter Pradesh and in 10 districts of Madhya Pradesh to know about the various aspects of this system and record its impacts on Reservation in Panchayati Raj & various social, economic parameters of the people of Utter Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. It was found that this system has caused various changes in the life of people of Utter Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, but the aspirations of people were not fully fulfilled. People are wishing for reforms in this system.

Distribution and Association of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Different Cultivars of Wheat from Lalganj Pratapgarh District of Utter Pradesh, India

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are key components of soil micro-flora and obviously interact with other microorganisms in the rhizosphere which is the zone of influence of plant roots on microbial populations and other soil constituents. Keeping in view the importance of AM fungi, the present study was undertaken for assessing the AM fungal spore population dynamics in the rhizosphere soil and its colonization in rhizosphere soils in relation to soil physico-chemical factors. Present study represents an attempt to establish the qualitative and quantitative distribution of AM fungal species in rhizosphere soils of wheat. Thirteen different wheat cultivars collected from four different sites of Lalganj Pratapgarh (U.P.), India were examined for the AM infection. All the wheat cultivars were found to be infected with arbuscular mycorrhizae. However, their population in rhizosphere and root infection varied to a considerable extent from species to species. The maximum spore population and highest percentage of root colonization were found with the rhizosphere soil of cultivars Ankur Kedar.

Thermal requirement of indian mustard (Brassica juncea) at different phonological stages under late sown condition.

Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] is a long day plant, which requires fairly cool climatic condition during growth and development for obtaining better seed yield. Various workers have correlated crop growth and development with energy requirement parameters, such as growing degree days (GDD), photo-thermal unit (PTU), helios thermal unit (HTU), photo-thermal index (PTI) and heat use efficiency (HUE). Therefore, GDD requirement for different phenological stages of 22 newly developed Indian mustard varieties was studies during winter (rabi) seasons of 2009–10 and 2010–11 at student instructional farm of C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, (Utter Pradesh). Study revealed that RH-8814, NRCDR-02 and BPR-549-9 recorded higher GDD (1703.0, 1662.9 and 1648.0), PTU (19129.8, 18694.2 and 18379.8), HTU (11397.7, 11072.2 and 10876.0), PTI (13.25, 13.14 and 13.08) and HUE (4.11, 3.84 and 3.71) at physiological maturity, while higher HUE was recorded (9.62, 8.99 and 8.91 kg ha−1 degrees-day) at days after sowing (DAS) to 50 % flowering. On the basis of study mustard genotypes RH-8814, NRCDR-02 and BPR-549-9 were identified as most heat-tolerant, as they maintained higher values for energy related parameters. Seed yield was highly positively correlated with GDD (r = 0.61, 0.65 and 0.75), PTU (r = 0.66, 0.64 and 0.74), HTU(r = 0.79, 0.68 and 0.73) at the above these three phenological stages, while negatively correlated with PTI at anthesis and at maturity. Hence, these parents could be used in crossing programme for achieving further improvement.

Effect of High Intensity Interval Training On Antioxidants of Male Physical Education Students

The purpose of this study is to find out the efficiency of high intensity interval training on antioxidants of male physical education students. To achieve the purpose thirty (30) male physical education students were selected from Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Department of Physical Education, Meerut, Utter Pradesh. These subjects were tested on antioxidants before and after eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT). The mean maximal aerobic speed 4.21 m/s was used as a criterion velocity to set running paces for high-intensity interval training. Statistical technique used in the present study was 2×2 ANOVA with repeated measures on last two factors. The result of the study revealed that eight weeks of high intensity interval training resulted in 32.65% of increase in Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (F(1,28) =4.663, p < 0.05) and 8.86% on Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (F(1,28) = 14.88, p < 0.05). However, 4.92% of reduction is noticed in Catalase (CAT) (F(1,28) = 14.88, p < 0.05). It is concluded that high intensity interval training for eight weeks resulted in significant alterations in antioxidants and which indirectly lowered the lipid peroxidation of male physical education students.

Garlic Trading - A Potential Agribusiness Venture in India

Specialized commodity trading is gaining momentum in many parts of this nation. One such specialized trading is Garlic Trading. In respect of Garlic markets, India is having 21 important organized assembling wholesale markets. Among these organized wholesale markets, large number of private and unorganized markets is functioning in all the major garlic producing states. These markets handle a significant quantum of garlic bulbs and acts as a wholesale market in those regions and are becoming price takers. One such market is functioning over a long period of time in Tamil Nadu is the Vadugapatti Garlic wholesale Market of Theni District and the other one is Mettupalayam market wherein the Nilgiris Cooperative Marketing Society, Mettupalayam is one of the institution facilitates garlic marketing and supplies to Vadugapatti. Besides, Madhya Pradesh, Utter Pradesh and Rajasthan are the states supplying Garlic to Vadugapatti Wholesale Market of Tamil Nadu. Selected members of Vadugapatti Garlic Merchants Association have been interviewed following the Case Study Approach to study the garlic marketing practices prevalent among the sample farms. The study focused on the marketing channels prevalent in Garlic trading, price spread and marketing efficiency and the status of export of garlic to different countries from India. These are also presented and discussed in detail.

Seasonal variation of heavy metal concentration in Labeo rohita and Edaphodon kawai fishes of River Yamuna, Allahabad, Utter Pradesh

Seasonal variations in concentration of toxic heavy metals such as lead, copper, and arsenic was monitored during the year 2010 and 2011. The fish samples collected in summer, monsoon and winter seasons were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained are presented and compared with the permissible limit as declared by WHO.

Health Care for the “Bottom of the Pyramid”

Population Health ManagementVol. 17, No. 1 Point of ViewHealth Care for the “Bottom of the Pyramid”Nidhi Bhatnagar and Manoj GroverNidhi BhatnagarPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, School of Public Health, Chandigarh, India.Search for more papers by this author and Manoj GroverWorld Health Organization, National Polio Surveillance Project, Utter Pradesh, India.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:12 Feb 2014https://doi.org/10.1089/pop.2013.0036AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View articleFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byThe Impacts of Health Care Evaluations on the Well-Being of Low-incomers1 June 2019 | Revista de Administração Contemporânea, Vol. 23, No. 3Socio-Cultural Sustainability of Private Healthcare Providers in an Indian Slum Setting: A Bottom-of-the-Pyramid Perspective10 December 2018 | Sustainability, Vol. 10, No. 12 Volume 17Issue 1Feb 2014 InformationCopyright 2014, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Nidhi Bhatnagar and Manoj Grover.Health Care for the “Bottom of the Pyramid”.Population Health Management.Feb 2014.5-7.http://doi.org/10.1089/pop.2013.0036Published in Volume: 17 Issue 1: February 12, 2014Online Ahead of Print:October 26, 2013PDF download

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INTRODUCTION: Filarial worms are nematodes that live in lymphatics and subcutaneous tissues. Eight filarial species are known to infect humans out of which most serious filarial infections are caused mostly by four parasites like Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Onchocerca volvulus and Loa loa. These parasites are transmitted by specific species of mosquitoes or other arthropods. The clinical manifestations of filarial diseases develop relatively slowly, these infections should be considered to induce chronic diseases with possible longterm debilitating effects. Characteristically, filarial disease is more acute and intense in newly exposed individuals than in natives of endemic areas. [1] Lymphatic filariasis (LF) causes lymphoedema, hydrocele and acute attacks of dermato-lymphangio-adenitis. [2] It represents a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. [3] It is mainly a disease of the adult and older age-classes and appears to be more prevalent in males. [4] Lymphatic filariasis is a major tropical disease affecting approximately 120 million people worldwide. India contributes about 40% of the total global burden and accounts for about 50% of the people at the risk of infection. A recent survey has shown that out of the 25 States/Union territories in India, 22 are endemic and nine states (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Utter Pradesh and West Bengal) contribute to about 95% of total burden. W. bancrofti is the predominant species accounting for about 98% of the national burden. [5]

Oral hygiene status of individuals with cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors.

Dentist and oral health screening may be the latest weapon in identifying persons at risk of cardiovascular disease. Oral infections, specifically periodontitis, may confer independent risks for different systemic conditions. The risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases also suggest that the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes works in both ways. The aim of this study was to support and strengthen the association and relationship between oral hygiene status of individuals with cardiovascular diseases and its associated risk factors. A simple random sampling was carried out in 200 inhabitants of Western Utter Pradesh, India. An oral health visit and examination was made for an equal number of males and females of different age groups with cardiovascular diseases. Evaluation of the oral status was made by means of an oral hygiene index, community periodontal index of treatment needs and loss of attachment. Evaluation of oral status in patients with cardiovascular diseases and in the control group has shown a statistically significant low level of oral health in patients with cardiovascular diseases as compared to control. Prevalence of systemic diseases in different age groups significantly correlated with the prevalence of severe periodontal diseases. Treating gum disease may reduce the risk of heart disease and improve health outcomes for patients with periodontal disease and vascular heart problems.

Sclerotherapy for Hydrocele Revisited: A Prospective Randomised Study

Dear Sir, We read this interested and useful article titled ‘Sclerotherapy for Hydrocele Revisited: A Prospective Randomised Study’. We congratulate M.S. Agrawal and his team for choosing such a common surgical disease which is even endemic in certain parts of India like eastern Utter Pradesh. Poverty and poor health resources further complicate the scenario. Therefore, there is an intense need for cost-effective and simple, feasible technique to treat this common surgical disease. Although sclerotherapy for hydrocele was known since long ago, it is not still in common practice because of higher recurrence rate and low success rate. This study produced encouraging result in terms of cure rate. Recurrence is not very certain because of short follow-up (6 month) period. The number of cases undergoing for sclerotherapy (29) is also not enough. Future large-scale studies may clear the picture in this respect. Complication rate in operative group (35.7 %) appears to be very high, especially when this was accomplished at an esteemed institute like S.N. Medical College Agra having all the modern facility for hemostasis. We would discuss the following points also: Sclerotherapy of hydrocele has been associated with fertility problems as reported in literature [1, 2]. So we should be very cautious in young age groups who have not completed their family. However, it will be very useful for old age groups where fertility is not a big concern. It will also be helpful for groups undergoing vasectomy and have associated hydrocele. This will facilitate our national family planning programme, NSV (non-scalpel vasectomy). Hydrocele and hernia often coexist. After doing laparoscopic hernia repair in these cases, sclerotherapy may avoid open surgery for hydrocele. Sclerotherapy technique does not give chance to visualize the testis and we can miss the testicular diseases such as tuberculosis and malignancy. Literature says that 10 % of testicular tumours are accompanied by hydrocele [3]. So we should be watchful about this entity, and whenever in doubt, must clear with ultrasonographic examination. Pain occurring with 5 % phenol is not much concerned in comparison to recurrence in poor patients of India because their struggle with poverty makes them strong and more tolerant to pain. So the pain factor should be given less weight in comparison to high cure rate and low recurrence rate while deciding the appropriate dose of phenol.

Assessment of effective radium content and radon exhalation rates in soil samples

Effective radium content and radon exhalation rates in soil samples have been measured by “Sealed Can Technique” using LR-115 type II plastic track detectors. The soil samples were collected from Farrukhabad city of Utter Pradesh, India. The values of effective radium content were found to vary from 5.39 to 34.56 Bq kg−1 with an average value of 16.58 Bq kg−1 and a standard deviation of 7.16. The mass and surface exhalation rate has been found to vary from 0.41 × 10−6 to 2.64 × 10−6 Bq kg−1 d−1 and 1.41 × 10−6 to 9.10 × 10−6 Bq m−2 d−1, respectively. All the values of radium content in soil samples of study area were found to be quite lower than the permissible value of 370 Bq kg−1 recommended by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.