English

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Filarial worms are nematodes that live in lymphatics and subcutaneous tissues. Eight filarial species are known to infect humans out of which most serious filarial infections are caused mostly by four parasites like Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Onchocerca volvulus and Loa loa. These parasites are transmitted by specific species of mosquitoes or other arthropods. The clinical manifestations of filarial diseases develop relatively slowly, these infections should be considered to induce chronic diseases with possible longterm debilitating effects. Characteristically, filarial disease is more acute and intense in newly exposed individuals than in natives of endemic areas. [1] Lymphatic filariasis (LF) causes lymphoedema, hydrocele and acute attacks of dermato-lymphangio-adenitis. [2] It represents a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. [3] It is mainly a disease of the adult and older age-classes and appears to be more prevalent in males. [4] Lymphatic filariasis is a major tropical disease affecting approximately 120 million people worldwide. India contributes about 40% of the total global burden and accounts for about 50% of the people at the risk of infection. A recent survey has shown that out of the 25 States/Union territories in India, 22 are endemic and nine states (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Utter Pradesh and West Bengal) contribute to about 95% of total burden. W. bancrofti is the predominant species accounting for about 98% of the national burden. [5]