User Rights Research Articles

Implementasi Keamanan Cyber Berbasis Nilai Nilai Kebangsaan UUD 1945 di Era Digital Best Practice di Perusahaan Pertamina

The advancement of digital technology has brought about significant progress across various sectors, while simultaneously introducing new risks, particularly in the realm of cybersecurity. Cybersecurity has become a critical concern for companies, including energy giants like Pertamina. In the context of Indonesia, adherence to cybersecurity within Pertamina must align with relevant legal frameworks, such as the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945). This research aims to explore optimal approaches to implementing cybersecurity within Pertamina, with a focus on the legal underpinnings of the 1945 Constitution. Key attention is directed towards Article 27, paragraph (3) of the Constitution, which guarantees universal access to education, including information security training for employees—a crucial element in thwarting cyber threats. Furthermore, Article 28, paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution, safeguarding freedom of association, can be interpreted to endorse collaboration between Pertamina and external entities, like cybersecurity institutions and regulatory bodies, to bolster cyber defense capabilities. Integration of cutting-edge security technology is paramount, aligning with the principles outlined in Article 33, paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution, emphasizing the preservation of natural resources. This extends to safeguarding Pertamina's data and digital infrastructure through measures like encryption technology, robust network security protocols, and effective intrusion detection systems. By heeding the legal foundations provided by the 1945 Constitution, the implementation of cybersecurity at Pertamina must be comprehensive, encompassing employee education, technological upgrades, and collaborative efforts with external stakeholders. Such measures aim to mitigate cyber risks, safeguard operational interests, and shield sensitive information from evolving threats in today's digital landscape. Additionally, Law Number 11 of 2008 plays a crucial role in governing information technology and electronic transactions in Indonesia. This legislation grants legal validity to electronic documents, signatures, and transactions, while also ensuring information security and user privacy. It imposes criminal penalties for illicit activities in the realm of information technology, fostering a secure environment for electronic transactions and upholding user rights in the digital age.

Impact of AI on Communication Relationship and Social Dynamics: A qualitative Approach

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into social media platforms has ushered in a new era of digital communication, offering unprecedented opportunities for content curation, relationship-building, and information exchange. Through this qualitative study, we have explored the multifaceted impact of AI-driven algorithms and natural language processing (NLP) technologies on user experiences and societal dynamics, addressing key research objectives and questions. Our findings underscore the transformative potential of AI in enhancing content curation and user interaction on social media platforms. Participants highlighted the benefits of personalized content recommendations and AI-enabled features such as chatbots, which streamline user interactions and provide instant support. Furthermore, AI algorithms play a crucial role in facilitating relationship-building through friend suggestions and group recommendations, fostering community engagement and social connections among users. However, alongside these benefits, our study also revealed significant challenges and ethical concerns associated with AI integration in social media. Participants expressed concerns about the proliferation of echo chambers and misinformation, fueled by algorithmic biases and the spread of false information through social bots. Privacy considerations emerged as a prominent issue, with participants emphasizing the need for transparency and accountability in AI implementation to safeguard user data and mitigate risks of algorithmic surveillance. In light of these findings, it is evident that the responsible deployment of AI technologies is paramount in ensuring positive user experiences and preserving the integrity of digital information ecosystems. Ethical considerations must guide the design and implementation of AI-driven algorithms, prioritizing transparency, fairness, and user empowerment. Platform operators, policymakers, and civil society stakeholders must collaborate to develop robust regulatory frameworks and governance mechanisms that uphold ethical standards and protect user rights in the digital age.

Perceived Higher Unmet Care Needs among Adults in Permanent Supportive Housing.

This study is original in that it assesses various types of care needs, barriers to care, and factors associated with higher unmet needs among 308 permanent supportive housing (PSH) residents in Quebec (Canada). Data from structured interviews that featured the Perceived Need for Care Questionnaire were collected from 2020 to 2022, controlling for the COVID-19 pandemic period. Eight types of care (e.g., information, counseling) were accounted for. Based on the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations, predisposing, need, and enabling factors associated with higher unmet care needs were assessed using a negative binomial regression model. The study found that 56% of adult PSH residents, even those who had lived in PSH for 5 + years, had unmet care needs. Twice as many unmet needs were due to structural (e.g., care access) rather than motivational barriers. Living in single-site PSH, in healthier neighborhoods, having better quality of life and self-esteem, and being more satisfied with housing and outpatient care were associated with fewer unmet care needs. PSH residents with co-occurring mental disorders (MD)and substance use disorders (SUD), and with moderate or severe psychological distress were likely to have more unmet needs. Better access to care, counseling and integrated treatment for co-occurring MD-SUD might be improved, as well as access to information on user rights, health and available support. Welfare benefits could be increased, with more peer support and meaningful activities, especially in single-site PSH. The quality of the neighborhoods where PSH are located might also be better monitored.

Disrupting MMORPGs gaming: Exploring and renegotiating end-user license agreements in the Metaverse

This paper explores key legal issues surrounding gaming platforms that provide/host Massive Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games. Since we are entering the next epoch of the Internet, Web3.0 – and the emergence of Metaverses that operate within this space, this paper conducts an inquiry into the key facets of end-user license agreements (EULAs) used in the platforms that may likely need to be renegotiated. Firstly, how do we reconcile the legal regulatory status of gaming platforms in a decentralized Web3.0 Metaverse? Secondly, how can the rights of end users of gaming platforms be protected vis-à-vis the EULAs in this space? And thirdly, what specific aspects in existing EULAs are likely needed to be renegotiated in light of a decentralized Web3.0 Metaverse? This paper will utilize a case study using the EULAs of Blizzard Entertainment Inc. and provide a possible reformulation of specific terms and conditions of EULAs.

Digital Trademarks in the Global Marketplace: Navigating Legal Landscapes and Technological Challenges

In the era of digitalization, trademarks have evolved beyond their physical constraints, emerging as pivotal elements in the international market. They function not only as distinctive markers of products or services but also offer legal safeguarding for brands, aiding consumers in differentiating among various options. Trademarks symbolize the source and assure the quality of a product or service, playing a vital role in cultivating brand recognition and loyalty. Their forms are diverse, encompassing words, logos, slogans, sounds, and colors, all under the protection of intellectual property laws. This essay delves into the development and challenges faced by digital trademarks, underlining their significance in securing intellectual property in the online realm. It tackles the intricacies involved in the registration, management, and enforcement of digital trademarks against a backdrop of swift technological progress and the internet's absence of geographical limits. By examining legal frameworks, international accords, and the roles played by global organizations such as the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the essay sheds light on effective strategies for digital trademark protection. Registering a trademark grants exclusive usage rights and bars unauthorized use, thus mitigating confusion and safeguarding the brands integrity. Given that trademarks are jurisdiction-specific, international treaties play a critical role in extending protection across various nations, highlighting their importance for the global economy and maintaining consumer confidence. This thorough analysis offers perspectives on maneuvering through the digital terrain to protect the bra.

Representations of alcohol and drug use in the Finnish reform of social and health care service users’ rights

BackgroundA growing body of research has analysed the representations of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) in policy-making, but few studies have focused on the representations reproduced in law-making processes, especially in the context of the regulation of the rights of social and health care service users. This study examined what kind of representations of AOD use are reproduced in the legislative reform of social and health care service users’ rights in Finland. The purpose of the reform is to strengthen social and health care service users’ rights to self-determination and to reduce the use of restrictive measures. MethodsAs its data, the study used a draft of the bill and stakeholder opinions regarding the reform. ‘What's the problem represented to be?’ approach as a methodological framework. ResultsThe study discovered three AOD-related discourses: the Control, Welfare, and Rights and Legality discourses. The Control discourse represented people who use AOD as risky individuals and called for ways to manage risks in treatment situations. The Welfare discourse portrayed people who use AOD as a vulnerable group whose problems should be addressed by the welfare system. The Rights and Legality discourse represented the vague legal definitions of AOD use as the main regulatory problem. The discourses differed in terms of their definitions of self-determination. ConclusionsThe study illustrated how the right to self-determination as a legal concept is contested and can be interpreted in different ways depending on the representations of AOD use. The differing representations highlight the tensions involved in improving the rights of people who use AOD.

Psychiatric nurses advocating for the human rights of mental health care users in Gauteng.

Psychiatric nurses play an important role in advocating for mental health care users such as advocating for the care, treatment and rehabilitation of mental health care users (MHCUs). Psychiatric nurses face various challenges while advocating for the human rights of MHCUs, particularly those unable to protect their rights because of the severity of their mental health conditions. This study aimed to explore and describe psychiatric nurses' lived experiences in advocating for the human rights of MHCUs in the Gauteng province. The study was conducted within the primary healthcare (PHC) setting's mental health services, Sedibeng District, Gauteng province. The study employed a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design. Three phenomenological focus group interviews were conducted, and audio recorded to collect data. Data were analysed using Tesch's method. Three themes emerged: (1) advocating for human rights was a strong push and an exhausting plea for psychiatric nurses in their attempts to voice and protect MHCUs' rights; (2) MHCUs and mental health services were discriminated against and excluded by various stakeholders; mental health awareness should be raised and (3) training needs to be conducted as a matter of urgency in order to destigmatise mental illness from government to societal level. Psychiatric nurses experienced feelings of disempowerment, frustration and helplessness in advocating for MHCUs' human rights. The study's findings will contribute to the body of knowledge in clinical psychiatric mental health practice on advocating for the human rights of MHCUs.

Правовые способы обеспечения прав недропользователей на землю: проблемы современной практики

The article analyses the regulation of the rights of subsoil users to use land plots, identifies problems arising from the seizure of land for the use of subsoil, and considers the prospects for improving legislation designed to ensure the subsoil user’s access to the corresponding land plot. It is noted that in practice there are unresolved issues related to the registration of land by subsoil users, compliance with the guarantees of the rights of other persons when granting or withdrawing land plots for state or municipal needs, in territorial planning. It is proposed to clarify the content of the rights of management bodies in the studied area, including in the implementation of territorial planning, taking into account the proposed subsoil use.

User Information Sharing and Hospital Website Privacy Policies

Hospital websites frequently use tracking technologies that transfer user information to third parties. It is not known whether hospital websites include privacy policies that disclose relevant details regarding tracking. To determine whether hospital websites have accessible privacy policies and whether those policies contain key information related to third-party tracking. In this cross-sectional content analysis of website privacy policies of a nationally representative sample of nonfederal acute care hospitals, hospital websites were first measured to determine whether they included tracking technologies that transferred user information to third parties. Hospital website privacy policies were then identified using standardized searches. Policies were assessed for length and readability. Policy content was analyzed using a data abstraction form. Tracking measurement and privacy policy retrieval and analysis took place from November 2023 to January 2024. The prevalence of privacy policy characteristics was analyzed using standard descriptive statistics. The primary study outcome was the availability of a website privacy policy. Secondary outcomes were the length and readability of privacy policies and the inclusion of privacy policy content addressing user information collected by the website, potential uses of user information, third-party recipients of user information, and user rights regarding tracking and information collection. Of 100 hospital websites, 96 (96.0%; 95% CI, 90.1%-98.9%) transferred user information to third parties. Privacy policies were found on 71 websites (71.0%; 95% CI, 61.6%-79.4%). Policies were a mean length of 2527 words (95% CI, 2058-2997 words) and were written at a mean grade level of 13.7 (95% CI, 13.4-14.1). Among 71 privacy policies, 69 (97.2%; 95% CI, 91.4%-99.5%) addressed types of user information automatically collected by the website, 70 (98.6%; 95% CI, 93.8%-99.9%) addressed how collected information would be used, 66 (93.0%; 95% CI, 85.3%-97.5%) addressed categories of third-party recipients of user information, and 40 (56.3%; 95% CI, 44.5%-67.7%) named specific third-party companies or services receiving user information. In this cross-sectional study of hospital website privacy policies, a substantial number of hospital websites did not present users with adequate information about the privacy implications of website use, either because they lacked a privacy policy or had a privacy policy that contained limited content about third-party recipients of user information.

EVOLUTIONS IN COMMUNICATION WITH A.I. SYSTEMS OF GENERATIVE PRETRAINED TRANSFORMATIVE TYPE. DEVELOPING A.I. MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS BASED ON DATA PREVIOUSLY ACQUIRED BY A.I. E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS

This paper presents how A.I. can be used to create and develop useful applications, but also how data from a certain area of A.I. can be hijacked and repurposed in other areas of A.I, sometimes without the prior consent of the users, or even worse, information can be even hacked and used for evil purposes. It also shows how this fact can jeopardize and infringe upon the rights of users giving up their sensitive personal data in internet.

Unlocking personal data from online services: user studies on data export experiences and data transfer scenarios

ABSTRACT In recent years, online services have started to make personal data of users more accessible by offering dedicated ways of exporting data. The introduction of download portals is associated with increasing demands by privacy regulations regarding the rights of users, such as the Right of Access (Art. 15) and the Right to Data Portability (Art. 20) of the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). These rights aim to empower users by increasing their control over the personal data that online services hold about them. They allow users to export their personal data and thereby gain insights on the scope of personal data held by the services and to transfer this data to other services. However, until now, little is known about how users experience and evaluate the process of accessing and exporting their data and how it impacts individual-level factors such as privacy-related attitudes (i.e. attitudes regarding sharing personal data, perceived control over data, and using privacy-protective strategies). In this paper, we report the results of an online survey with an experimental condition (N = 728) and a second online survey (N = 817) where participants from two university courses were asked to request real data exports from online services and inspect the exported data afterward. We find that inspecting exported personal data has a statistically significant positive effect on users’ privacy-related attitudes. However, users perceive limited usefulness in switching scenarios where personal data is transferred to a new substitutional service and rather prefer to use the data at multiple complementary services.

An Evaluation of the Proposed Security Access Control for BYOD Devices with Mobile Device Management (MDM)

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) at Work is a growing practice that has significantly increased network security vulnerabilities. This development has tremendous implications for both businesses and individuals in every organization. As a result of the extensive spreading of viruses, spyware, and other problematic downloads onto personal devices, the government has been forced to examine its data protection legislation. Dangerous apps are downloaded into personal devices without the user's awareness. As a result, both people and governments may suffer disastrous repercussions. In this research, proposed BYODs are troublesome since they can change policies without consent and expose private information. This type of privacy violation has a domino effect, resulting in substantial legal and financial consequences as well as decreased productivity for enterprises and governments. Governments have a daunting problem since they must protect networks from these threats while simultaneously considering user rights and privacy legislation. The framework of this paper that decreases the number of system limits and access control methods that are established for BYODs and cloud environments has been presented by the researchers of the study. They also attempted to protect user privacy by implementing Mobile Device Management (MDM) technology. The study's preliminary findings were optimistic, implying that the framework might reduce access control difficulties.

Application of Criminal Offenders Misuse of National Identification Numbers for Phone Card Registration in Makassar City

The research aims to investigate the protection of privacy rights for SIM card users under the registration system and identify obstacles faced by individuals misusing others' National Identification Numbers (NIK) without consent. This study employs a combination of normative legal research and empirical legal research, focusing on telecommunications businesses in Makassar City, South Sulawesi Province. Data collection involves primary and secondary sources. The findings indicate that despite the absence of specific laws on starter pack registration, Indonesian citizens are protected by constitutional, administrative, ITE (Information and Electronic Transactions), and personal data protection laws. However, obstacles exist in enforcing criminal offenses related to NIK misuse, including outlet registration by actors lacking buyer identities due to fierce competition and public preference for instant solutions without considering the consequences of using others' NIK for SIM card registration.

The Role of Machine Learning in Detecting and Preventing Data Breaches

Data breaches pose a growing threat to individuals, organizations, and public safety. In response, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful tool for both detecting and preventing these breaches. This research paper analyses the multifaceted role of ML in data security, exploring its strengths, limitations, and potential future directions. Through a comprehensive literature review, this paper examines how different ML models and algorithms can be employed to detect anomalous behavior, predict cyberattacks, and mitigate vulnerabilities. The importance of ethical considerations surrounding privacy and user rights is also addressed, emphasizing responsible data handling practices. Furthermore, the paper investigates the challenges and best practices of integrating ML into existing security infrastructure, providing recommendations for organizations seeking to leverage its benefits. Finally, it assesses the current limitations of ML in data breach detection and prevention, identifying promising research avenues for advancing data security through ML advancements. In conclusion, this research highlights the crucial role of ML in the ongoing battle against data breaches. By effectively utilizing its capabilities while maintaining ethical considerations, organizations can significantly enhance their data security posture and safeguard valuable information in our increasingly digital world.

Computer security technology in E-commerce platform business model construction

The global e-commerce market is expanding rapidly as the big data era advances and the e-commerce industry thrives. This paper aims to discuss the application of computer security technology in constructing an e-commerce platform business model. The research aims to find effective security technology solutions to strengthen the security of e-commerce platforms, protect user information and rights, and enhance the sustainable development of business models. Big Data-assisted E-Commerce Business Model (BD-ECBM) construction is discussed to overcome the e-commerce platform issues and positively impact marketing strategy decision-makers by raising their level of awareness. The business decision-making process is a series of steps that help businesses overcome obstacles by collecting relevant data, analyzing all relevant alternatives, and settling on a course of action. Big data analytics can improve business management with data fusion technology in many ways. The system's framework of the information service layer, the application-level layer, and the client session layer was developed using the Business model paradigm for accounting for e-past, commerce's capabilities of the platform, and an analysis of supply and demand. It can monitor its rivals in near real-time, adjusting prices, offering more attractive deals, and analyzing negative customer comments to see if it can outperform its rivals. The trial results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method of making marketing decisions and formulating a strategy. Hence, the BD-ECBM technique improves customers' overall satisfaction and experience with the brand while raising the latter's profile.

Legal Transformation in the Digital Age: A Comparative Study of the Impact of New Regulations in the Digital Economy

<p class="TableParagraph"><em>The research aim is to analyze the impact of new regulations in the digital economy through a comparative study. This research uses the content analysis method to understand how these regulations affect legal structures and business practices. The digital age has brought significant changes to the global economy, triggering the need for regulations that can support innovation while protecting the rights of users. New regulations in the digital economy often relate to data privacy, cybersecurity and intellectual property rights. Through content analysis, this research evaluates how different countries are responding to these challenges through their legal frameworks. The research is also grounded in natural law theory, coined by Hugo Grotius, who argued that laws should reflect universal and unchanging moral principles. The results show that new regulations in the digital economy have a significant impact on legal protection for consumers. This protection effort is carried out through preventive, repressive, protective, solution, and alternative approaches. Dispute resolution through both litigation and non-litigation channels shows that legal protection can be guaranteed by the existence of regulations governing electronic commerce, especially on e-commerce platforms. By applying these principles, this research aims to provide recommendations for the establishment of regulations that are not only effective but also fair and sustainable.</em></p><p class="TableParagraph"><em> </em></p>

Impact of Social Media on Society: A Literature Review

This manuscript explores the profound impact of social media on society, with a focus on social behavior, politics, and cultural norms. Employing a systematic literature review, including diverse sources, case studies, and real-world examples, the study provides a nuanced and comprehensive analysis. The brevity enforced by character limits on platforms like Twitter has shaped concise and direct communication, with emojis, memes, and hashtags becoming integral to online discourse. The rapid spread of information on social media has, however, led to the dissemination of misinformation, influencing public opinion and potentially affecting political outcomes. Collaboration among individuals, policymakers, and technology developers is crucial to shape the future of social media responsibly. This necessitates cultivating a culture of responsible use, promoting digital literacy, and advocating for policies that safeguard user rights and well-being. Striking a balance between innovation and ethical considerations is paramount to ensure the continued positive contribution of social media to society.

The Logic and Mechanism of VR Marketing: Market Shaping in the Perspective of Virtual Reality

With the rapid development of technology, VR technology has become an emerging trend in the field of marketing. This paper explores the application of VR technology in marketing and analyzes its impact on consumer behavior and marketing Ddelves into two successful cases of VR in marketing: the Volvo XC90 VR test drive and Audi's virtual showroom, revealing the practical application of VR in improving user engagement and creating a unique shopping experience. VR technology provides an immersive experience that enhances the user's interaction with the product and brand and improves the user's behavior and marketing strategy. VR technology provides an immersive experience that enhances user interaction with products and brands, increasing user retention and advertising effectiveness. VR marketing is more effective than traditional marketing in increasing user engagement, emotional connection, memory, and satisfaction, thus increasing user conversion and loyalty. The article gives the advantages and disadvantages of VR marketing. The advantages of VR marketing are more realistic product demonstrations or trial experiences, the ability to create in-depth, emotional brand storytelling narratives, and expanding global markets and audiences. Its disadvantages are high technology costs, user access thresholds, technical limitations consumer adaptation issues, and limitations of the experience. In addition, this paper discusses the challenges faced by VR technology in marketing: including user acceptance, quality of experience, clarity of user needs, protection of user rights and interests, and future development potential: improving user education and guidance, optimizing user experience, conducting in-depth research on user needs, and protecting user rights and privacy.

“Where we need water, we find guns instead”: understanding the securitization of sovereignty claims on the Brahmaputra

ABSTRACT The article analyzes Indian and Chinese sovereignty claims on the Brahmaputra river through the lens of securitization theory. The approach, which looks at the escalation of an issue from normal to emergency politics, allows us to examine the resultant redefinition of the state’s rights and prerogatives. Taking the Brahmaputra river basin as its case study, the article focuses on the multiple hydropolitical contexts in which India’s and China’s pitched efforts to assert their respective user rights on its waters is situated. The securitization this has entailed, by way of structural, institutional, and discursive mechanisms, has only served to amplify existing patterns of state behavior, be it hydro-nationalism or opacity in information sharing. Drawing on experiences from other case studies of transboundary river basin management, it seeks to examine how the water conflicts between both states could be resolved. The article argues that federalizing the securitization debate in India is essential to grasping the layered narratives that have evolved around the Brahmaputra. Acknowledging the polyphonic nature of securitization would open new avenues for desecuritizing the water discourse. This in turn could entail rescaling politics and, by implication, reconfiguring sovereignty itself.

Ethical implications of AI in the Metaverse

AbstractThis paper delves into the ethical implications of AI in the Metaverse through the analysis of real-world case studies, including Horizon Worlds, Decentraland, Roblox, Sansar, and Rec Room. The examination reveals recurring concerns related to content moderation, emphasising the need for a human-AI hybrid approach to strike a balance between creative freedom and user safety. Privacy and data protection emerge as crucial considerations, highlighting the importance of transparent communication and user data control for responsible AI implementation. Additionally, promoting inclusivity and diversity is emphasised, calling for transparent governance, diverse representation, and collaboration with ethics experts to ensure equitable AI practices. By addressing these specific ethical challenges, we can pave the way towards a responsible and user-centric Metaverse, maximising its potential while safeguarding user well-being and rights.